Samarium-153 Therapy and Radiation Dose for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in Western countries. At initial diagnosis, bone metastases are present in 15–30% of cases. These metastases cause some complications including bone fracture, hypercalcemia, and bone pain, which significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Radionuclide treatment was created as an alternative to external palliative radiotherapy in the treatment of bone pain arising from bone metastasis of PC. The basic principle of the radionuclide treatment of pain is that the uptake of radioactive material is kept in a high amount that is enough to constitute a proper clinical impact in the tumor, and it is kept at a low dose enough to avoid the occurrence of significant adverse effects in other organs (commonly in the bone marrow). Samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (153Sm-EDTMP) is a radiopharmaceutical compound that has an affinity for skeletal tissue and concentrates in areas of increased bone turnover, localizes in the skeleton, and is excreted via glomerular filtration. Medical staff preparing and administering radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, whether for diagnostic imaging or for therapeutic application, may receive significant radiation doses to their hands, particularly the fingers. Sm-153 treatment can be used as an effective and safe treatment alternative in the management of metastatic bone pain. Radiation protection of the public and the environment after Sm-153 EDTMP therapy is important

Çocuklarda tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarında Tc-99m DMSA sintigrafisi

Tc-99m DMSA sintigrafisi renal kortikal skar saptanmasında ve renal parankimin incelenmesinde seçilecek görüntüleme yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada postpyelonefritik kortikal skarların saptanmasında radyonüklid kortikal görüntülemenin IVU ve USG ile karşılaştırılmasının yanısıra pediatrik nefroloji alanında DMSA'nın endikasyonlarını daha iyi belirleyerek klinisyenlerin renal kortikal sintigrafiye olan ilgilerinin arttırılması amaçlandı. Bu çalışmada renal skar açısından risk altında olan tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonlu 25 çocuğa (49 böbrek) Tc-99m DMSA kortikal sintigrafi uygulandı. 15 hastaya intravenöz ürografi (IVU) ve ultrasonografi (USG) uygulandı. Hastaların yaşları 4 ay ile 16 yıl arasındaydı (ortalama: 8.1±4.4 yıl). 49 böbreğin 24'ünde renal skar saptandı. Skar açısından risk altında olan böbreklerin değerlendirilmesinde DMSA sintigrafisinin en geçerli yöntem olduğu sonucuna varıldı.Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy is the imaging modality of choice for the detection of renal cortical scarring and renal parenchymal status. The present study was designed to compare radionuclide cortical imaging with IVU and USG for the detection of postpyelonephritic cortical scars and to define the indications of DMSA in the pediatric nephrology field and to enhance the clinicians' interest in the renal cortical scintigraphy. In the present study, we performed Tc-99m DMSA cortical scan on 25 children (49 kidneys) with recurrent urinary tract infections who were at risk for renal scarring. Intravenous urography and ultrasonography were also performed on 15 patients. Their age ranged from 4 months to 16 years (mean: 8.1±4.4 years). Renal scarring was detected in 24 of 49 kidneys. DMSA cortical scanning and IVU/USG were in concordance in the normal kidneys. DMSA cortical scanning detected more scars than IVU and USG. We conclude that DMSA scanning is the most valid modality in the evaluation of kidneys at risk for scarring in children

Inguinoscrotal Bladder Hernia Mimicking Testicle Tumor

Bladder hernias usually begin asymptomatically and are discovered incidentally at the time of discovery. Preoperative diagnosis of bladder hernias is important to reduce the risk of bladder injury during surgery. Although F-18 FDG PET/CT is applied for oncological purposes, benign conditions should also be taken into account when evaluating the implants. In this article, a case of bladder hernia, which can be confused with pathological cancer involvement, with the diagnosis of F-18 FDG PET/CT performed in a 73-year-old male patient with renal cell carcinoma is presented

Basal and activational Tc-99(m)-HMPAO brain SPECT in Alzheimer's disease

Early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for the administration of new treatments. The purpose of this study was to differentiate mildly/moderately demented AD patients from normal controls by means of activational brain SPECT, and to investigate the correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and dementia severity. Activational brain SPECT was performed 1 week after basal brain SPECT in 12 mild/moderate AD patients according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria (mean age 69 +/- 7 years) and in seven healthy, age-matched, volunteer controls (mean age 65+/-9 years). Ln order to activate the parietal cortex, patients were asked to subtract serial 5's from 100, 2 min before and after the intravenous administration of 925 MBq technetium-99m labelled D,L-hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime (Tc-99(m)-HMPAO). Using a three-headed gamma camera equipped with high resolution collimators, 128 images of 35 s duration in a 64 x 64 matrix were obtained over 360 degrees. Region to whole brain ratios (R/WB) were calculated in three consecutive transaxial slices 2 pixels thick above the orbitomeatal line, and the activation percentage was calculated. No statistical difference was detected between AD patients and normal controls for parietal cortex activation. The correlation coefficient between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scoring and the activation percentage was 0.475 in normal controls and 0.175 in AD patients for the left anterior parietal cortex, and 0.353 in normal controls and 0.146 in AD patients for the right anterior parietal cortex. In a visual evaluation of parietal cortex activation, 50% of AD patients were able to activate the parietal cortex, whereas 86% of the normal controls could do so. Ln our current study, the subtraction of serial 5's was not regarded as a promising task. Further studies are needed to clarify the importance of such tasks in the differential diagnosis of mild/moderate AD patients from normal elderly. ((C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)

Clearance of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol in mismatched and matched pulmonary perfusion defects

Purpose: To evaluate clearance changes of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol in mismatched and matched pulmonary perfusion defects

Synthesis, radiolabeling and in vitro evaluation of azathioprine loaded magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles

In this study, it is aimed to design a smart drug delivery system for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells. Magnetic-solid lipid nanoparticles were synthesized as a drug delivery system and azathioprine (AZA) was loaded into this system. This newly created system was radiolabeled using technetium-99 m with a radiolabeling yield of 90.3%. Drug loading into the SLMNP was found as 86%. The biological behavior of Tc-99m and radiolabeled magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with azathioprine (Tc-99m-AZA-SLMNP) was investigated in vitro and in vivo.Ege University (Izmir-Turkey) [22153]; Ege University (Izmir-Turkey) [22153]This study was financialy supported by Ege University Scientific Research Project numbered 22153 (Izmir-Turkey)

The evaluation of urine activity and external dose rate from patients receiving radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer

The aim of this study was to determine the external dose rate of iodine retention as a function of time in the bodies of thyroid cancer patients during their isolation period in the hospital. Urine samples were collected at 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th h and 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th d from 83 patients after oral administration of I-131 and counted. The external dose rates were also simultaneously determined at the same time points. Then, it was expressed as retained radioiodine body activity versus dose rate. Effective half life calculated from urine sample measurements was found as 18.41.8 h within the first 24 h and 642.7 h between 48 and 120 h. According to this results, the external dose rate (20 Sv h(1)), which patients could be discharged, was achieved after 48 h for 3700 and 5550 MBq, and after 72 h for 7400 MBq of I-131 treatments