Altered cooperativeness in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we aimed to compare temperament and character traits between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC). We hypothesized that patient with PCOS would differ in terms of temperament and character traits compared with HCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients who were diagnosed with PCOS and 42 age-body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The groups were compared in terms of temperament and character traits and anxiety status with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1 and STAI-2). FINDINGS: There was a statistically significant difference between patient and the control group in terms of cooperativeness dimension (t = ?2.81; p = 0.006). It was a lower mean in the PCOS group (20.98 ± 2.992). In addition, scores of STAI-1 and STAI-2 were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the HC group (respectively; t = 5.70; p < 0.001; t = 2.12; p = 0.037). The score of cooperativeness and multivariate analysis of variance was found to be significantly lower in the PCOS group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PCOS had significant a different character trait such as lower cooperativeness compared with HC. Additionally, we found that this different character dimension would be a trait in PCOS after covariant analysis. We suggest that our result supported the psychiatric background of PCOS. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 48. syntheses of the phosphazenium salts containing 2-pyridyl pendant arm: structural characterizations, thermal analysis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity studies

533-550The phosphazenium salts (protic ionic liquids, PILs/protic molten salts, PMOSs) (6a-6d and 7a) of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a) have been prepared by the reactions of the corresponding cyclotriphosphazenes with the bulky gentisic acid. The structures of the PMOS have been evaluated using the elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR data. The molecular and crystal structures of 4a and 6c are established by X-ray crystallography. The thermal properties of the PMOS are determined using TG and DTA techniques. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a-5d) and PMOSs (6a-6d and 7a) are screened against the selected bacteria and yeast strains. The antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases and the PMOSs are compared. The interactions of the phosphazenes and their salts with plasmid DNA are elucidated by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The evaluations of the cytotoxic activities of these compounds are also studied against to L929 fibroblast and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 48. Syntheses of the phosphazenium salts containing 2-pyridyl pendant arm: Structural characterizations, thermal analysis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity studies

The phosphazenium salts (protic ionic liquids, PILs/protic molten salts, PMOSs) (6a-6d and 7a) of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a) were prepared by the reactions of the corresponding cyclotriphosphazenes with the bulky gentisic acid. The structures of the PMOS were evaluated using the elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR data. The molecular and crystal structures of 4a and 6c were established by X-ray crystallography. The thermal properties of the PMOS were determined using TG and DTA techniques. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a-5d) and PMOSs (6a-6d and 7a) were screened against the selected bacteria and yeast strains. The antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases and the PMOSs were compared. The interactions of the phosphazenes and their salts with plasmid DNA were elucidated by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The evaluations of the cytotoxic activities of these compounds were also studied against to L929 fibroblast and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231).  

Syntheses and spectroscopic investigations of 2-pyridyl(N/N)spirocyclotriphosphazenes

The Cl substitution reaction of N3P3Cl6 (1) with N-(2-pyridyl)-methyl-N'-methylpropane-1,3-diamine (2) afforded the partly substituted 2-pyridyl(N/N)spirocyclotriphosphazene (3) (with a yield of 57%) in dry THF. When the Cl replacement reactions of 2 carried out with excess pyrrolidine, morpholine and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane (DASD), the corresponding 2-pyridyl(N/N)spirotetrapyrrolidino (3a), tetramorpholino (3b) and tetra(1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decano) (3c) cyclotriphosphazenes were prepared in moderate yields. The structures of four cyclotriphosphazene derivatives were elucidated by the elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), heteronuclear mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC), single quantum coherence (HSQC), 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR techniques

The effect of fasting for at least 15 hours in summer ambulatory blood pressure values of patients with hypertension

YÖK Tez ID: 453806Bu çalışmanın amacı Ramazan ayında oruç tutan Hipertansiyon (HT) tanılı olguların Ramazan öncesi ve sonrası kan basıncı ve bazı biyokimyasal değişimlerini incelemektir. Çalışmaya Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Nefroloji Polikliniğine Nisan 2016 ile Haziran 20016 tarihleri arasında başvuran, evre 1-2 esansiyel HT'si olan, kan basıncı düzenlenmesi için ikiden fazla antihipertansif ilaç kullanmayan, Ramazan ayı boyunca 30 gün süre ile oruç tutacak olan, 18-70 yaş aralığında 13 erkek (%35,4) ve 24 kadın (%64,86) toplamda 37 hasta dahil edildi. Yaş ortalaması 55,8 ± 10,7 (min:25 ,max:69) olarak saptandı. Çalışma öncesinde Etik Kurul onayı alınmış olup, tüm hastalardan bilgilendirilmiş yazılı onamları alınmıştır. Olguların sosyodemografik özellikleri, Fizik muayene bulguları ve bazı biyokimyasal değerleri kaydedildi. Ayrıca antihipertansif tedavi altında olan hastaların tamamına uzamış açlık öncesi ve uzamış açlık sonrası 24 saatlik AKBM takıldı ve sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı 24 saatlik ortalamaları, gece ve gündüz ortalamaları, dipper ve non-dipper değerlendirmeleri de kayıt altına alındı. Ramazan ayı boyunca 30 gün oruç tutulması bu çalışma için "uzamış açlık" olarak tanımlandı ve oruç tutan hastaların ikinci değerlendirmeleri uzamış açlık sonrası, Ramazan orucu bitiminden bir hafta sonraya kadarki sürede yapıldı. Herhangi bir sebeple orucu bırakanlar veya orucu eksik tutanlar bu sürede belirlenerek çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastaların hesaplanan ort. GFR değerleri uzamış açlık sonrası (82,9±19,5 ml/dk) Ramazan ayı öncesine göre (89,8±25,8 ml/dk) anlamlı azalma gösterdi (p=0,015). Benzer şekilde ort. serum Na düzeyleri de uzamış açlık sonrası (141,5±2,6 mg/dl) öncesine göre (143,1±4,1 mg/dl) anlamlı azaldı (p=0,036). Serum trigliserid ortanca düzeyleri ise oruç sonrasında öncesine göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p=0,033). Hastaların 24 saatlik idrar miktarlarında Ramazan ayı sonrasında öncesine göre anlamlı azalma saptandı (p=0,019). Olguların AKBM sistolik, diyastolik, gündüz sistolik, gündüz diyastolik, gece sistolik ve gece diyastolik ortalama ölçümlerinde uzamış açlık sonrası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalma tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0,001, p<0,001, p=0,001, p<0,001, p=0,019, p=0,019). Sonuç olarak, HT'u olan hastaların ortalama kan basıncı değerlerinde Ramazan sonrası dönemde Ramazan öncesine göre anlamlı olarak düşüş saptanması, Ramazan ayı boyunca oruç tutmanın ortalama kan basıncı değerleri üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ramazan, Uzamış Açlık, Hipertansiyon, AKBMThe aim of this study was to examine the blood pressure and some biochemical changes before and after the month of Ramadan of cases diagnosed with hypertension (HT) who were fasting in Ramadan. The study included a total of 37 patients who presented at the Nephrology Polyclinic of the Internal Diseases Department of Kırıkkale University Medical Faculty. The patients comprised 13 (35.4%) males and 24 (64.86%) females with a mean age of 55.8±10.7 years (range, 25-69 years) with grade 1-2 essential HT who were not taking more than 2 antihypertensive drugs to correct blood pressure and who were fasting for the 30-day period of the month of Ramadan. Approval for the study was granted by the Local Ethics Committee and written, informed consent was obtained from all the patients. The sociodemographic characteristics of the cases were recorded together with the physical examination findings and some biochemical values. All the patients on antihypertensive treatment were applied with a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) before and after the prolonged period of fasting and the 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, the diurnal and nocturnal mean values, and the dipper and non-dipper evaluations were recorded. The 30-day period of fasting throughout the month of Ramadan was defined as 'prolonged fasting' for this study. The second evaluation of the fasting patients was made after prolonged fasting, up to one week after the end of Ramadan. Patients were excluded from the study if they stopped fasting for any reason or were not completely fasting in this defined period. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) value was observed to have significantly decreased from mean 89.8±25.8 ml/min before the month of Ramadan to mean 82.9±19.5 ml/min after prolonged fasting (p=0.015). Similarly, a significant decrease was determined in serum Na levels from 143.1±4.1 mg/dl to 141.5±2.6 mg/dl (p=0.036). The median serum triglyceride level was determined as significantly high after fasting compared to before (p=0.033). The 24-hour urine output was determined to have significantly decreased after Ramadan compared to the pre-Ramadan values (p=0.019). The mean measurements on ABPM of systolic, diastolic, diurnal systolic, diurnal diastolic, nocturnal systolic and nocturnal diastolic values were determined to have statistically significantly decreased after prolonged fasting (p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.019, p=0.019 respectively). In conclusion, a statistically significant decrease was determined in the mean blood pressure values of patients with HT after Ramadan compared with the values before Ramadan. This suggests that fasting throughout the month of Ramadan has a positive effect on mean blood pressure values. Key Words: Ramadan, prolonged fasting, hypertension, ABP

Yaz döneminde en az 15 saat süren açlığın, hipertansiyon hastalarında ambulatuvar kan basıncı ölçüm değerlerine etkisi

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi111001

The reactions of 2-<i>trans</i>-6-bis(4-fluorobenzyl)spirocyclotetraphosphazene with primary amines: spectroscopic and crystallographic characterizations

<p></p> <p>The substitution reactions of 2-<i>trans</i>-6-bis(4-fluorobenzyl)spirocyclotetraphosphazene (3; with a yield of 59%) are carried out with excess alkylamines, benzylamine, <i>n-</i>hexylamine, <i>n-</i>butylamine, <i>n-</i>propylamine and <i>iso-</i>propylamine in THF. As a result of these reactions, the fully substituted tetrabenzylamino (3a), tetrahexylamino (3b), tetrabutylamino (3c), tetrapropylamino (3d), and tetra<i>iso</i>propylamino (3e) 2-<i>trans</i>-6-bis-(4-fluorobenzyl)spirocyclotetraphosphazenes are obtained in high yields. The structural characterizations of the isolated compounds (3a-3e) were confirmed by elemental analyses, mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) and ¹H, ¹³C{¹H}, ³¹P{¹H} NMR techniques. The solid state and molecular structures of 3a were determined using X-ray crystallography. Two independent molecules were present in its unit cell.</p

Syntheses and structural characterizations of 2-pyridyl(N/O)spirocyclotriphosphazene derivatives

<p>The Cl exchange reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, N₃P₃Cl₆ (<b>1</b>), with one equimolar amount of sodium salt of N/O donor type bidentate ligand containing a 2-pyridyl pendant arm (<b>2</b>) afforded, regioselectively, the partly substituted 2-pyridyl(N/O)spirocyclotriphosphazene (<b>3</b>; with a yield of 65%) in THF. The reactions of <b>3</b> with excess pyrrolidine, morpholine and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane (DASD) led to the formation of the tetraamino-2-pyridyl(N/O)spirocyclotriphosphazenes (<b>3a</b>-<b>3c</b>) in high yields. Compound <b>3</b> also gave both tetrapiperidino (<b>3d</b>) and <i>gem</i>-bispiperidino (<b>3e</b>) products with excess piperidine. The structures of all the compounds were determined by elemental analyses, ESI-MS, FTIR, HSQC, HMBC and ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P NMR techniques. The crystal structure of <b>3c</b> was identified by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Besides, the compound <b>3e</b> had one stereogenic P atom, and its chirality was verified by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy in the presence of (S)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9’-anthryl)-ethanol (CSA).</p

Toxic Metals in Paper and Paperboard Food Packagings

This study characterized the structure of food packages, determined the amount of toxic metals that pass through the package (due to the package's condition and contact with food), and examined the appropriateness of current food legislation. The food packages were examined for weight, ash content, and optical properties under two different light sources. The toxic metal quantities of the packages were analyzed with the use of an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In all packages, Pb migrated into food and was found at levels that exceeded limit values. Although the amounts of Hg within the material structure were above limits in most packages, it did not migrate from the packages. Although the amount of Cd in structural packaging did not exceed the limit values, most of the migration-related values were high. The Zn concentration in packaging was substantially higher than the amount due to migration. Structural Cu values were mostly below the limit values, except in corrugated boards. Cr amounts in both packaging structure and migration were below the limit values. In all packaging, there were minimum amounts of Ni among paperboard samples and maximum amounts among corrugated boards. Al values were high among structural paper packages, as well as in migration values in paperboard packaging