770 research outputs found
A Neural Attention Model for Categorizing Patient Safety Events
Medical errors are leading causes of death in the US and as such, prevention
of these errors is paramount to promoting health care. Patient Safety Event
reports are narratives describing potential adverse events to the patients and
are important in identifying and preventing medical errors. We present a neural
network architecture for identifying the type of safety events which is the
first step in understanding these narratives. Our proposed model is based on a
soft neural attention model to improve the effectiveness of encoding long
sequences. Empirical results on two large-scale real-world datasets of patient
safety reports demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with significant
improvements over existing methods.Comment: ECIR 201
Label-Dependencies Aware Recurrent Neural Networks
In the last few years, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have proved effective
on several NLP tasks. Despite such great success, their ability to model
\emph{sequence labeling} is still limited. This lead research toward solutions
where RNNs are combined with models which already proved effective in this
domain, such as CRFs. In this work we propose a solution far simpler but very
effective: an evolution of the simple Jordan RNN, where labels are re-injected
as input into the network, and converted into embeddings, in the same way as
words. We compare this RNN variant to all the other RNN models, Elman and
Jordan RNN, LSTM and GRU, on two well-known tasks of Spoken Language
Understanding (SLU). Thanks to label embeddings and their combination at the
hidden layer, the proposed variant, which uses more parameters than Elman and
Jordan RNNs, but far fewer than LSTM and GRU, is more effective than other
RNNs, but also outperforms sophisticated CRF models.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures. Accepted at CICling 2017 conference. Best
Verifiability, Reproducibility, and Working Description awar
Phase Analysis of Particles Nano Licoo2 as Cathode Materials of Rechargeable Battery Using X-ray Diffractometer
Research of the analysis of particle nano LiCoO2 phase as cathode material of lithium ion based batteries rechargeable using XRD has been done. Particle Nano LiCoO2 are synthesized using planetary milling technique followed by sonication. The morphology of particle nano LiCoO2 are characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), the phase of particle nano LiCoO2 have been analyzed using XRD. The results show that the size of the particle nano LiCoO2 isare 20-40 nm, the phase of n-particles LiCoO2 is rhombohedral, R-3m, with a = b = 2.82 Å and c = 14.08 Å, where LiCo formed octahedral symmetry, 3-3m, and CO2 to formed tetrahedral symmetry, 63m
A computationally and cognitively plausible model of supervised and unsupervised learning
Author version made available in accordance with the publisher's policy. "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”The issue of chance correction has been discussed for many decades in the context of
statistics, psychology and machine learning, with multiple measures being shown to
have desirable properties, including various definitions of Kappa or Correlation, and
the psychologically validated ΔP measures. In this paper, we discuss the relationships
between these measures, showing that they form part of a single family of measures,
and that using an appropriate measure can positively impact learning
Using Regular Languages to Explore the Representational Capacity of Recurrent Neural Architectures
The presence of Long Distance Dependencies (LDDs) in sequential data poses
significant challenges for computational models. Various recurrent neural
architectures have been designed to mitigate this issue. In order to test these
state-of-the-art architectures, there is growing need for rich benchmarking
datasets. However, one of the drawbacks of existing datasets is the lack of
experimental control with regards to the presence and/or degree of LDDs. This
lack of control limits the analysis of model performance in relation to the
specific challenge posed by LDDs. One way to address this is to use synthetic
data having the properties of subregular languages. The degree of LDDs within
the generated data can be controlled through the k parameter, length of the
generated strings, and by choosing appropriate forbidden strings. In this
paper, we explore the capacity of different RNN extensions to model LDDs, by
evaluating these models on a sequence of SPk synthesized datasets, where each
subsequent dataset exhibits a longer degree of LDD. Even though SPk are simple
languages, the presence of LDDs does have significant impact on the performance
of recurrent neural architectures, thus making them prime candidate in
benchmarking tasks.Comment: International Conference of Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) 201
PlaNet - Photo Geolocation with Convolutional Neural Networks
Is it possible to build a system to determine the location where a photo was
taken using just its pixels? In general, the problem seems exceptionally
difficult: it is trivial to construct situations where no location can be
inferred. Yet images often contain informative cues such as landmarks, weather
patterns, vegetation, road markings, and architectural details, which in
combination may allow one to determine an approximate location and occasionally
an exact location. Websites such as GeoGuessr and View from your Window suggest
that humans are relatively good at integrating these cues to geolocate images,
especially en-masse. In computer vision, the photo geolocation problem is
usually approached using image retrieval methods. In contrast, we pose the
problem as one of classification by subdividing the surface of the earth into
thousands of multi-scale geographic cells, and train a deep network using
millions of geotagged images. While previous approaches only recognize
landmarks or perform approximate matching using global image descriptors, our
model is able to use and integrate multiple visible cues. We show that the
resulting model, called PlaNet, outperforms previous approaches and even
attains superhuman levels of accuracy in some cases. Moreover, we extend our
model to photo albums by combining it with a long short-term memory (LSTM)
architecture. By learning to exploit temporal coherence to geolocate uncertain
photos, we demonstrate that this model achieves a 50% performance improvement
over the single-image model
Modified Streamline Diffusion Schemes for Convection-Diffusion Problems
We consider the design of robust and accurate finite element approximation
methods for solving convection--diffusion problems.
We develop some two--parameter streamline diffusion schemes
with piecewise bilinear (or linear) trial functions and show that
these schemes satisfy the necessary conditions for -uniform convergence
of order greater than introduced by Stynes and Tobiska.
For smooth problems, the schemes satisfy error bounds of the form
in an energy norm.
In addition, extensive numerical experiments show that they effectively
reproduce boundary layers and internal layers caused by discontinuities on
relatively coarse grids, without any requirements on alignment of flow and
grid.
(Also cross-referenced as UMIACS-TR-97-71
Eigenvalue bounds of the shift-splitting preconditioned singular nonsymmetric saddle-point matrices
Microglial Activation Correlates with Disease Progression and Upper Motor Neuron Clinical Symptoms in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
We evaluated clinicopathological correlates of upper motor neuron (UMN) damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and analyzed if the presence of the C9ORF72 repeat expansion was associated with alterations in microglial inflammatory activity.Microglial pathology was assessed by IHC with 2 different antibodies (CD68, Iba1), myelin loss by Kluver-Barrera staining and myelin basic protein (MBP) IHC, and axonal loss by neurofilament protein (TA51) IHC, performed on 59 autopsy cases of ALS including 9 cases with C9ORF72 repeat expansion.Microglial pathology as depicted by CD68 and Iba1 was significantly more extensive in the corticospinal tract (CST) of ALS cases with a rapid progression of disease. Cases with C9ORF72 repeat expansion showed more extensive microglial pathology in the medulla and motor cortex which persisted after adjusting for disease duration in a logistic regression model. Higher scores on the clinical UMN scale correlated with increasing microglial pathology in the cervical CST. TDP-43 pathology was more extensive in the motor cortex of cases with rapid progression of disease.This study demonstrates that microglial pathology in the CST of ALS correlates with disease progression and is linked to severity of UMN deficits
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