TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG MENOPAUSE DAN KESIAPAN MENGHADAPI MASA MENOPAUSE DI DESA BUMI PRATAMA MANDIRA

seorang wanita akan mempunyai harapan hidup normal 25 tahun lagi sejak awal menopause. Keterangan menurut WHO pada tahun 2013 jumlah wanita yang ada di dunia dimana yang sudah mengalami masa menopause diperkirakan mencapai 1,42 miliar jiwa. Menopause adalah proses suatu berhentinya menstruasi secara permanen yang dapat dialami oleh semua wanita dan berakhirnya kemampuan bereproduksi yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya fungsi folikel ovarium. Wanita dikatakan menopause jika mereka tidak mengalami menstruasi selama setahun. Sebelum masa menopause terjadi, umumnya seorang wanita akan melewati terlebih dahulu masa premenopause. Premenopause merupakan suatu kedaan fisiologis pada wanita yang telah mengalami masa penuaan, yang dimana ditandai dengan hormone estrogen yang menurun dari ovarium yang berperan penting  dalam reproduksi dan seksualitas. Tingkat pengetahuan wanita yang lebih tentang menopause membantu wanita untuk dapat menyiapkan diri dalam menghadapi menopause. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan wanita tentang menopause dan kesiapan menghadapi menopause. Jenis dan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu ibu dengan rentan usia 45-55 tahun yang ada di Desa Bumi Pratama Mandira dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 201 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karateristik responden  terbanyak usia kurang dari 50 tahun (58,7%), berpendidikan SD (44,8%), berpendidikan SMP (28,4%), berpendidikan SMA (23,4%), dan berpendidikan S1 (3,5%), berpengetahuan cukup (48%), berpengetahuan baik (52%), memiliki tingkat kesiapan menghadapi menopause (56,3%) dan belum siap menghadapi menopause (43,7%)

Ipteks Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Aset Tetap Pada PT Jasa Raharja (Persero) Cabang Sulawesi Utara

PT JASA RAHARJA (Persero) branch North Sulawesi is a branch office from PT JASA RAHARJA (Persero) and this company is one of state-owned enterprises which engaged in social insurance, especially for accident insurance and compensation insurance. In running every operational activity, every company surely must have fixed assets, be it in the form of buildings, office equipment, vehicles and so which can support employee performance. Fixed asset in a company must be secured in many ways of surveillance, control over costs incurred to get the said fixed asset, provide asset number so it will be easier to review the useful life of each asset, and whether said asset still can support employees performance or not. In this case, it is very important for us to pay attention to its internal control, because based on a research we did during our internship in PT JASA RAHARJA (Persero) branch North Sulawesi, each asset\u27s internal control from the company need to be more efficient in terms of the element of the environment control, activities of control, related information on fixed asset and monitoring that has been done before to do physical matching of fixed asset, and appropriate allocation based on its function and responsibilities. Then, the company must pay attention to expenditures of income and expenses on fixed asset, by following insurance for fixed assets, make an audit committee, and implement the disposal and elimination of fixed asset. Suggestions for company to improve employees performance, through increasing exploration of knowledge and functions of application in order for employee to use it effectively and for presentation statement and efficiency of information about company\u27s fixed assets more reliable and accurate

Measuring The Infiltration Rate Of Biopore Holes Using Selection And Composittion Of Wase ( A Case Study Conducted At Campus 1 Of Ukrida Jakarta)

Abstract Biopore,a water conservation technique, are holes made on the earth's surface that function as the entrance for rainwater into the soil. This research aims to determine the infiltration rate of biopore holes in various waste to further analyze the waste composition that affects the rate the most. Each hole infiltration rate is tested every week for 10 weeks. The result shows connection between the waste type and composition and the age of the waste. The waste used are dry leaves, meat or fish waste, and organic kitchen waste. Wet waste tends to increase the infiltration  rate (98.365%) greater than dry waste (58.06%). Meat or fish waste needs more time (four weeks) to reach maximum increase rate compared  to the other types of waste. In addition, the dominant composition of wet waste in the mixture has increased the infiltration rate. The maximum infiltration rate of biopore holes is reached between the second week and the fourth week. The surrounding environmment such as weather and soil charateristics can affect the acquired data. Keywords: biopore, infiltration rate, organic wast

Hypoxia imaging with 18F-FAZA PET/CT predicts radiotherapy response in esophageal adenocarcinoma xenografts

Background: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease with poor survival rates. A more patient-tailored approach based on predictive biomarkers could improve outcome. We aimed to predict radiotherapy (RT) response by imaging tumor hypoxia with F-18-FAZA PET/CT in an esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) mouse model. Additionally, we investigated the radiosensitizing effect of the hypoxia modifier nimorazole in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In vitro MTS cell proliferation assays (OACM5 1.C SC1, human EAC cell line) were performed under normoxic and hypoxic (< 1%) conditions: control (100 mu L PBS), nimorazole, irradiation (5, 10 or 20 Gy) with or without nimorazole. In vivo, subcutaneous xenografts were induced in nude mice (OACM5 1.C SC1). Treatment was given daily for 5 consecutive days: (A) control (600 mu l NaCl 0.9% intraperitoneally (IP)) (N = 5, n = 7), (B) RT (5 Gy/d) (N = 11, n = 20), (C) combination (nimorazole (200 mg/kg/d IP) 30 min before RT) (N = 13, n = 21). N = number of mice, n = number of tumors. F-18-FAZA PET/CT was performed before treatment and tumor to background (T/B) ratios were calculated. Relative tumor growth was calculated and tumor sections were examined histologically (hypoxia, proliferation). Results: A T/B= 3.59 on pre-treatment F-18-FAZA PET/CT was predictive for worse RT response (sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 71.4%). Radiation was less effective in hypoxic tumors (T/B = 3.59) compared to normoxic tumors (T/B < 3.59) (P = 0.0025). In vitro, pre-treatment with nimorazole significantly decreased hypoxic radioresistance (P < 0.01) while in vivo, nimorazole enhanced the efficacy of RT to suppress cancer cell proliferation in hypoxic tumor areas (Ki67, P = 0.064), but did not affect macroscopic tumor growth. Conclusions: Tumor tissue hypoxia as measured with F-18-FAZA PET/CT is predictive for RT response in an EAC xenograft model. The radiosensitizing effect of nimorazole was questionable and requires further investigation

Amyloid-β plaques affect astrocyte Kir4.1 protein expression but not function in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice

Alzheimer pathology is accompanied by astrogliosis. Reactive astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques may directly affect neuronal communication, and one of the mechanisms by which astrocytes impact neuronal function is by affecting K+ homeostasis. Here we studied, using hippocampal slices from 9-month-old Alzheimer mice (APP/PS1) and wild-type littermates, whether astrocyte function is changed by analyzing Kir4.1 expression and function and astrocyte coupling in astrocytes surrounding amyloid-β plaques. Immunohistochemical analysis of Kir4.1 protein in the dentate gyrus revealed localized increases in astrocytes surrounding amyloid-β plaque deposits. We subsequently focused on changes in astrocyte function by using patch-clamp slice electrophysiology on both plaque- and non-plaque associated astrocytes to characterize general membrane properties. We found that Ba2+-sensitive Kir4.1 conductance in astrocytes surrounding plaques was not affected by changes in Kir4.1 protein expression. Additional analysis of astrocyte gap junction coupling efficiency in the dentate gyrus revealed no apparent changes. Quantification of basic features of glutamatergic transmission to granule cells did not indicate disturbed neuronal communication in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice. Together, these results suggest that astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice maintain their ability to buffer extracellular K+ and attempt to rectify imbalances in K+ concentration to maintain normal neuronal and synaptic function, possibly by localized increases in Kir4.1 protein expression. Our earlier transcriptomic data indicated that chronically activated astrocytes lose their neuronal support function. Here we show that, despite localized increased Kir4.1 protein expression, astrocyte Kir4.1 channel dysfunction is likely not involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Plurality in the Measurement of Social Media Use and Mental Health: An Exploratory Study Among Adolescents and Young Adults

On a daily basis, individuals between 12 and 25 years of age engage with their mobile devices for many hours. Social Media Use (SMU) has important implications for the social life of younger individuals in particular. However, measuring SMU and its effects often poses challenges to researchers. In this exploratory study, we focus on some of these challenges, by addressing how plurality in the measurement and age-specific characteristics of SMU can influence its relationship with measures of subjective mental health (MH). We conducted a survey among a nationally representative sample of Dutch adolescents and young adults (N=3,669). Using these data, we show that measures of SMU show little similarity with each other, and that age-group differences underlie SMU. Similar to the small associations previously shown in social media-effects research, we also find some evidence that greater SMU associates to drops and to increases in MH. Albeit nuanced, associations between SMU and MH were found to be characterized by both linear and quadratic functions. These findings bear implications for the level of association between different measures of SMU and its theorized relationship with other dependent variables of interest in media-effects research

Stability and Fluctuations in Complex Ecological Systems

From 08-12 August, 2022, 32 individuals participated in a workshop, Stability and Fluctuations in Complex Ecological Systems, at the Lorentz Center, located in Leiden, The Netherlands. An interdisciplinary dialogue between ecologists, mathematicians, and physicists provided a foundation of important problems to consider over the next 5-10 years. This paper outlines eight areas including (1) improving our understanding of the effect of scale, both temporal and spatial, for both deterministic and stochastic problems; (2) clarifying the different terminologies and definitions used in different scientific fields; (3) developing a comprehensive set of data analysis techniques arising from different fields but which can be used together to improve our understanding of existing data sets; (4) having theoreticians/computational scientists collaborate closely with empirical ecologists to determine what new data should be collected; (5) improving our knowledge of how to protect and/or restore ecosystems; (6) incorporating socio-economic effects into models of ecosystems; (7) improving our understanding of the role of deterministic and stochastic fluctuations; (8) studying the current state of biodiversity at the functional level, taxa level and genome level.Comment: 22 page