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The Transmission of Mycobacterium Avium Among Swine: An Immunologic and Bacteriologic Study

Mycobacterium Avium is the major cause of tuberculosis in swine (53). The natural reservoir of this organism is assumed to be birds, particularly poultry. Federal meat inspection records show that efforts to reduce tuberculosis in poultry over the last 55 years have resulted in an accompanying decline of tuberculosis in swine (54). Studies have shown, however, that M. avium infection in swine cannot always be traced to birds, and the disease is common in those regions where tuberculosis in poultry is rare (53). Also serotypes not normally pathogenic for birds are commonly isolated from swine (40, 51, 53). Indeed, many swine farms today appear to have recurring tuberculosis with no obvious source of infection. Sources of infection other than poultry need to be identified and their importance determined. In the past, swine were not considered to be an important source of infection among themselves. Results of limited studies have shown that there is a possibility that swine can acquire mycobacterial infections from infected penmates (15, 35,,54). The study presented here was designed to: 1. Determine if infected swine can transmit M. avium to uninfected penmates, 2. Provide information as to possible mechanisms of transmission, and 3. Determine how soon after exposure swine become infected and how long an animal remains infected and a source of infection

On the Geology of Eastern Arkansas

This paper was a continuation and extension of the one presented at the meeting of 1888, and like it was based on the field work done under the auspices of the Arkansas Geological survey. The area studied was much more extensive than that reported on in the preceding year

On an Abnormal Hyoid Bone in the Human Subject

The hyoid bone lies at the base of the tongue just above the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. It is not articulated with any other bone in the body. It is usually studied as consisting of five parts, all of which may readily be distinguished in the normal specimen, especially in the young subject. There is the body of the bone, or the basi-hyal; there are also two cerato-hyals, or lesser cornua, aud two thyro-hyals, or greater cornua. The whole forms a horse-shoe shaped bone to which the name hyoid has been given in allusion to the shape of the Greek letter upsilon, which the bone greatly resembles

The Geology of Crowley\u27s Ridge, Arkansas

Crowley\u27s Ridge is a low range of hills forming the only conspicuous feature in the topography of Northeastern Arkansas, and extends in a general north and south direction from the Missouri state line to the city of Helena, where it ends abruptly

On a New Fossil Limnaeid from the Post-Pleiocene of California

This paper described as new to science, a fossil shell found in the post-pleiocene deposits of the Tassajara Hills, and now deposited in the collections of the University of California

Notes on the Gross Anatomy of Campeloma

This paper gave the results of certain studies made on abundant specimens of Campeloma subsolidum, completing certain details in the anatomy of the genus

Notes on the Native Forest Trees of Eastern Arkansas

During the summers of 1888 and 1889 opportunity was presented the writer, in connection with geologic work on the Geological Survey, to study somewhat carefully the tree flora of the region east of the Iron Mountain Railroad and north of the Arkansas River

The Parvus Group of Unionidae

This paper gave a resume of the known facts in the geographical distribution of these small Unios and proposed the reduction of a number of forms to synonymy