This paper gave a resume of the known facts in the geographical distribution of these small Unios and proposed the reduction of a number of forms to synonymy

Call, R. Ellsworth

English

University of Northern Iowa

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 1 Part 1, 1887-1889; (1887) - Article 24 1888 The Parvus Group of Unionidae R. Ellsworth Call Copyright ©1888 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Call, R. Ellsworth (1888) "The Parvus Group of Unionidae," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 1(Pt. 1), 45-51. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol1/iss1/24 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact scholarworks@uni.edu. WITTER-OBSERVATIONS ON UESS IN AND ABOUT MUSCATINE. 4f> SOME ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LCESS IN ANO ABOUT MUSCATINE. BY. PROF. F. M. WITTER. (Abstract.) The unconsolidated 'material resting on the drift in and about ~foscatine pos::;esses many of thc eharacters of the lress and since it passes by insensible gradatiom, into the latter it seerns rather to belong to the lress than to the drift. The lower portiou is generally most perfectly and heau-tifully stratified, the strata eonsisting of sand, clay, and occasionally sorne gr:wel, with small boulders of the granitic series, fragments of bituminous coal, etc. A very few cal-careous coucretions are found in the stratifi?d basal beds and at one poiut good spccimens of these concrdions have imbedded pebbles. ln the less evidently stratifüd portions abound several speeics of land shells and the eggs of one species are found. But little saud and this of the finest grain is found in the unstratifüd higher portions. ln this have heen found the teeth and largely the bones of two examples of · Rangffe1· carz"bou aud the g-reater portion of the antler of the sarne species most prohably. 1\vo or three species of fresh water mollusks httve been found in what appears to he looss. THE PARVUS GROUP OF UNIONIDJE. BY PROF. R ELLS\YORTH CALL. , Abstract., This paper gave a resume of the known facts in thc geo-graphic·al di8trihution of these small Unz"os and proposed the reduction of a number of forms to synonymy. The relation of the af-isumed specific differenees to eonditions clearly con-nected with environment was pointed out nnd a somewhat close relationship of forms hitherto supposed to be very distinet w,ts evidenced by thc specimens exhillited. The dis-[P1rnc I. A. S .. 188í-9• l 45 [February 12, 1890.J 1Call: The Parvus Group of UnionidaePublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 189346 IOWA ACADE:\IY OF SCIENCES. trihution of the various forms was adduced as an argument in support of identity particularly of those species which-occur in Texas and in Georgia. The type of the group i:-; the very s1:1~i11 form descrihed by Barnes from the waters of Ohio. This form with consider-able variations occurs throughout the eastern half of the Unites States us far as the State of Kew York. To the south: it ranges westward to Texas and has there been subjected to-such environmental conditions as to become very much pro-: longed posteriorly. The sexual variations here are so marked that the two forms, male and fernale, have been deseribed'· under at least hvo specific munes. In Georgia oc::cur two o:r, three forms which have been called species mainly on the di:ff P-rences of color of the nacl'e. Some of these at least are but modifications of the common Unia parvus of the ~orth. The group includes the following speeies descrihed by Dr., Isaac Lea, of which list those in italics are believed to be syn-onyms. In the list the forms ,rhich it is proposed to reeognize as species are gfren in the order of the date of their descrip-· tion, so that, if for any reu8on the rt>ader should wish to de-termine \he chronologie arrangenwnt of the species it wiU • be possible to do so. Unio glans Lea. (Rea<l ~ray 7, 1830. l "Übservations ou the Genus Unio," V ol. I, p. 92, PI. VIII,,, Fig. 12. r::Tnio paulus Lea. (Read October 2, !840.) "Übsenr:iti~ns on the Ge,,us Um::J," Vol. III, p. 51, PI. XV, Fig. 29. Unio mi'nor Lea. (Read August 18, 1843.) "Übservations 011 thc Genus Um:o," Vol. IV, p. 276, Pl. .. ·· . XXXIX, Fig, 3. 2Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 1 [1893], No. 1, Art. 24https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol1/iss1/24CALL-PARVUS GR0UP 0F UNIONIDJE. 47 Unio texasensis Lea. (Read .'.\farch 24, 1857.) "Ühservations ou the Genus Unio," Vol. VIII, p. 39, Pl. LXI, Fig. 18!. Um:o bcdrdz'anus Lea. (Read April 7, 1857.J "Übservations on the Genus Unz"o," Vol. VIII, p. 42, PI. LXI, Fig. 186. Uni''o granulutus Lea. (Read March 5, 1860.) "Übservations on the Genus Unz'o," Vol. XI, p. ,52, Pl. XVI, Fig. 46. [lnz'o gennanus Lea. (Read February 5, 1861.'i ··Observations on the Genus Urdo," Vol. XI, p. 53, Pl. XIX, Fig. ,54. Uni·o beazz·z· Lea. (Read J une 3, 1862.) "Übservations 011 thc Genus Unio, Vol. IX, p. 26, Pl. XXX, Fig. 273. Unz·o nwrgin:ls Lea. (Read ?-.Iay t6, 1865,) "'Üh::;ervatio:1s on the Genus Unia,'' Vol. XII, p. 15, PL XXXI, Fig. G9. Fnio cromu·ellli Lea. (Read ?\fay 16, 186~.) "Ü1>s3rvations on th:1. Gert'.J,S Un.z'o," Vol. XII, p. 18, PI. XXXI, Fig. 54. Unio cylindrel!us Lea. (Read June 2, 1868.} "Üb.servations on thc Genus Unio, Vol. XII, p. 68, Pl. XLVIII, Fig. 121. 3Call: The Parvus Group of UnionidaePublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 189348 IOWA ACADE!\IY OF SCIE~CES. Uni"o corvz'nus Lea. (Read J une 2, 1868.) "Übservations ou the Genus Unio, Vol. XII, p. 70, Pl. XLVIII, Fig. 123. Unio corvunculus Lea. (Read June 2, 1868.) "'Übservatious 011 the Genus [.tnlo, Vol. XII, p. 74, PI. L, Fig. 127. Unio veslcular't°s Lea. , (Read September 15, 1873.\ "Übservntio11s 011 the Genus Un·io," Vol. XIII, p. 41, Pl. XII, Fig. 34. The synonymy of this group, th3refore, will stand as in the suhjoiued lists anel even here there is some doubt that the Texas forms should Le held to be distinct. U nio parvus Barnes. U. pavlus Len. U. rrl'inor Lea. U. 'lnargi'nz·s Lea. U. co1·1.:i'nus Lea. U. vesi'cularz"s Lea. U nio texasensis LP-a. U. bairdi'amu,; Lea. U. beali'z' Lea. Unio glans Lea. U. pullus Conrad. U. gramdatus Lea. u-. germanus Lea. U. c1·mnicelUi Lea. U. cylz'ndrellus Lea. U. corvunculus Lea. The type of the group is the form deseríhed l>y Dr. Barne:,; to whieh hoth in unatomy, b:'t1.its anel generctl characters all 4Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 1 [1893], No. 1, Art. 24https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol1/iss1/24CALL-PARVUS GROUP OF UNIONID.IE. 49 the shells herein named show most marked resemhlances. If the Texas form:-- be exeluded as syuonyms, then they will fall under the division headed by LT. parvu8. The main ÍH('ts ou which this species reduction is based are set forth in the suhjoined tabular synopsis. The various species have been studied in sueh detail as large series of shells from all sectiom, of the south aud the west would enuble. ln :'.lome cttses authors' types ha ve heen availahle. 5Call: The Parvus Group of UnionidaePublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1893SVNOPSIS OF THE SPECIFTC CHARACTERS OF TIIE PAR VUS GROUP. PNJO, J'ARVtl~. COHVJNPS. 11ARGINIS. PAULliS. <YI.ANS. CYLI NDHELJ.l,S. CROMWELL!!, GRAN[JLATllS,~ . I Elliptical, somewhatlElliptical, inflated. Outlme. • • • • · · · · · · · · compressed. Elliptical. inflated. Flliptical, inflat<!d. () li .. 1 . IWidely elliptical lv 11 • 1 h jF'll" · 1 h _ vate-e 1pt1ca , m- . h t .. r ' , .. 1pt1ca , somew at , 1pt1ca , somew at flated. ~~~:L a cy rn- inflated. inflated. Suhstance ofshell. Heaks ...... TI. 1in, ,;lightly thick-1Somewhat t h i e k ,ISom~what t h i e k ,1Th~ck, thinner he-lRather thick. er before. th1cker before. th1cker before. hrnd. Slightly prominent, coarts~lylland ~onk-lA little prominent. cen rica y wnn -led. Somewhat nent. promi-lSomewhat nent. promi-lSomewhat nent. Thick, thicker be-jR:tther thin, thicker,Rather thin, shghtly fore. before. thicker before. promi-1Sltghtly prominent. Somewhat promi-1A littlc prominent, nent; coneentri- undulate, granu-cally folded. late. '.. t 1small, thin, lightlShort, thin, verylSmall, thin, light\Sh 1 • ,igamen · · · · · · · · · · · straw-colore<l. dark brown. hrown. ort, t 1111 · Small. Rather long, thin. Small, thin, rather\Small, thin, light light brown. brown. Epidermis ... Cardinal teeth .... Lateral teeth ... lighter 011 beaks, Biadi:, erad1ate, St1h- obscurely ra)'.cd,IN , 1 11. ·k. striated, tines of S!,Juamose, growth margin greenish- e,tr Y ',\e Yellowish green,I . IDark olive stnate, g r O w t h d1stant, lmes dose. yellow. sometimes rayed. lmes ofgrowth dis~ greenish _r a y e d, I>ark ohvc,_cradiate, Black or<lark brown\Ye!lowish, eradiate ·\Striate, brownish º"\ . tant. growth Jmes dis- stnate, 11 n e s of tant, broad. · growth distant. black. Small, elevated, acu-minate, crenulate, double in the left,\Small, decussate. single in the right valve. . Rather large, elevat-1 IS , . ISmall, compressed, Small, sulcatc, cren-1 Small, dispo~ed tol ed, _doublc in left, Small, s_ub-conical, '· mall, compressed, crenulate, oblique, ulate. be double m both single in ri g h t corrugate. corrugate, double double i n b o t h valves. valve. ' m hoth valves. valves. Slightly curvcd,Long, somew-~t Rather short.L d St . ht l tn Long, ~~Õmew~Rather long, sorne::Long, acicular, long, lamellar, straight. straight. ong, curve · rarg ' ame 1 orm curved. what curved. _ ncarly straight. Anterior cicatrices . D\stinct, moderately D)stinct, small, well- Confluent_. s ma 11, Di . Distinct. D\stinct, small, welÍ Sc;rcely _distinct, Distin<:;t, rather l'rge 1mpressed. rmpressed. deeply 1mpressed. st111ct. 1mpressed. large, well 1mp1es'd well 1mpressed. Posterior cicatrices .. C<?nfluent, slightly C<?nfluent, ~lightly C~fl~1ent,_ s ma 11, C nfl e Confluent. Dis~inct, . s ma 11, Con_fluent,.rather l'rg Co1~fluent,.rather t'!i 1mpressed. 1mpressed. slrghtly unpressed. 0 u nt. s!tghtly unpressed. slightly 1111pressed. shghtly 1mpressed. ~ õ ::: ~ ► n ► ü M ~ ,<: e "'l U) Q M z n M U) Dorsal cicatrices .... Center of cavity of Center of cavity or Ce-;t;;:-~f-ca~ity-a't On inferior part of Center of cavity ot Cent;;_:-Õf the cavity Ce~;ter of c;~tyof Center of cavity of the beaks. the heaks. shell [beaks?J tooth. the beaks. of the shell. the beaks. _ the beaks. Cav1tyofshell ...... Shallow,white. Deep, wide. Rathershallow. Deep. * * * * Deep, wide. Deep, wide. __ 1Deep, wide. Cavityofbeak Shallow ·ounded Shallow, ohtusely ~ ·d·d- V II W d b I t d Ratherdeeµ sub-an- S~{;;:ü. obtusely an- Shallo~--;;-;;-b-angu-.•. • •. , , 1 • angular. , a ow, roun e . ery sma . 1 e, su angu a e . guiar. guiar. lar. White, inclined to Nacre.............. salmon in cavity otlWhite, iridescent. beaks. White, iridescent. !White, iriclescent. \Purple. Purple, iriclescent. IPurple, iriclescent. IPurplish, iridescent. H b"t t Oh" - Flint River, Ga. D h C C Cha-ttahoochee-Riv:. Oh" R' E. Tennessee, --N. Kiokee Creek, Alba- Big Prairie Creek, a Ia . .. ..... .. .. JO rrver. Neuse River, N. C. oug erty o., ,a. er, Ga. JO iver. Ga., N. Ala. ny, Ga. Ala. Diameter ............ 6 inch. ·7 inch. -:--sfnc~--- .4 inch. - ---·-- .7 inch. .7 mch. .4 inch. _-45 inch-: Length... ...... .... 8 inch. .8 inch. 1.0 inch. --- -.6 inch. -.. .8 inch. .8-inch. ___ , .7 inch. .62 inch. B~eadth ............ 1.6inch. 1,3inch. 1.1inch. --- .. ·--.9inch. -- 1.3inch. 1.5inch. · 17 · lf r r lTi ; ; r t l T ili : ·; í r e ' tt r e t t :t r ,r ínch. i I. ro inch. ililliíililií 6Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 1 [1893], No. 1, Art. 24https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol1/iss1/24,.,,.~?'~ SYNOPSTS OF THE SPECTFIC CHARACTERS OF THE PARVUS GROUP. GERMANlJS, CORVl1NCtrLtJS, f'{1LJ...l,1S. VF.SIClCI.ARIS, TEXASENSIS. BAIRDI ANOS. BJ•:AUJ. MINOIL Rlliptical, somewhat,El_liptical, somewhatlElliptical, ,;omewhat in-p:Wiptical, inflated. mflated. mtlated. flated. Elliptical, sub-compress-1Elliptical, slightly in-1Elliptical, somewhat-jEliptical. rather in-ed. tlated. compressed. flated. Somewhat t h i e k ;IA little th1ck, thick- 1* thicker bcfore. er before. * *'A littlethick, thicker be-,Rather thin, thicker be-JRather thin, thicker be-1s1 igh ti y th1ckencd,jThick, thinner be-fore. • fore. fore. thicker before. hind. Rather prominent,IA little prominent, concentrically un- concentrically un-fSiightly prominent. dulate. <lnlate. Slightly prominent. Slightly pr?minent, sub-,Slightl): prominent, con-lA little prominent. concentncally undu- centncally ,.mdulatc. ~~ -Rather prominent. Short, thin, lightish/Short, thin, brown. I* hrown. * *IRather long and thin. Small, thin, yellowish-1Small, thin, yellowish-lshort, thin, dark bro~n.\Short, thin. brown. brown. I lark brown, eradi-1Blackish, l'!radiate ;\ . . \Dark olivc, obscurely\Dark olive, shining, ob-1Dark brown, ohsoletely!Dabk _brojn or b1a~k~sh, at":, transversely lines ofgrowth dis- Dark, oltvaceons, wr1nk- r~yed, growth marks soletely ra~ed, marks r~diate, growth lines ~:~J'.:':e J ~~~th a d!2fStriate, nearly black str1ate. tant. Icei. chstant. of growth d1stant. d1stant. tant. g Small, erect, com-is . 11 rect com-10bliq1w, single in onc, ISmall, sulcate, somewhat press<:d, crennlate, · m~e,i~ed, crdnnlate. donhle in the othcr compressed, donhlc in/Small, ere,:t, acummate. p valve. 1Joth valves. Small, erect, acnminate, ISmall, compressed, cren-nenulate. l crenulate, doubie in ulatc, pointed, double[Rather large. hoth valvcs. in both valves. 1--;·h~C;:;-, ---:~omewhat Rather long, slightly 1* curved. cnrved. bistinct, sm3.-iT~ wcÜ I)istinct:-, _s_m_a_ll,-,-ve-11_* impressed. .. impressed. . 1 Conflnent, sl'ghtly * * * * ·* i III pressed. ' * ·* * Rather Io;Íg-, la1~1cllar, Long, lamellar, ·some- Long~ lamellar, some- Verl long, slightly-~urv- Sn:all. curved. nearly stra1ght. what cnrved. what curved. ec, lamellar. -----·--: T>1stinct, small, well ·-i-~~ llistinct, small, well im- Distinct., smâü;--;;o~'e: fiI:itinci.;--;:-atI;~~-f;{;:-ge-; -n:;:·~-t: pressed. pressed. what 1mpressed. moderately 1mpressed. _______ _ -----,;- --* Conflnent, rat?er large, Confluent, slightly im- Confl~~nt~gh-tly---;m~ Confluent, slightly im- Confluent. --moderatcly 11nprcssed. pressed. pressed. pressed. Cente·;--of cavity -~ Center of cavity ofl.,. beaks. tlie beaks. * Center of cavity of the Across thc cavity of the Across the cavity of the Ac.ross center of cavity Ccnter of cavity of _________ 1 __ b_e_a_k_s. ______ 1 beaks. beaks.~----- of the beaks. the beaks. Rathe~~~e_i,--~~~ª~=---li>~ep,-~Ídc~-- - ~~)~apacious. Deep, wide. Somewhat deep~~<!_e_: s;;1al(wide. _ Sha~;-;·;~<!.«::_ =:= Deei:::__ --Shallow,obtnsely an-1Shallow,obtnsclyan- Ver. ca ,acious. Shallow, obtusely angu- Shallow, obtusely angu- Shallow, obtusely angu- Shallow, obtusely angu- Rather deep, angu-gular. ! guiar. Y I lar. lar. lar. lar. lar. 1 - . ---------- -,.. . . • . J, 1. l · · 1 lp 1 · · 1 . t ('I 1 1 WI • • 1 • •c1 P,J - h • d Wl. . •c1 \Vh1te or pale salmon, Pearlywh1te. mdes-urp 1s 1, 1nc esccnt.1 urp e, ir1c escen . . 1oco ate pnrp e. 11t1s 1, 1r1 escent. , 111s , very 1r1 escent. 11te, vcry 1n cscent. iridescent. cent. --------·------!, · ,----- -- . · ------ ;---.--;- ---------, -------1---------------1------------J=-,.---Consa Ri ver, Ala. . SwfiamldpCCreeG~a• Wh1t- w,avteree SR1veNr, CS. C., Lake Ocheechobcc, Fia. DeWitt Co., Texas. Dcvil's Ri ver, Texas. Leo_nll CTo. and Ruters- LaGkes MoFnrloe and e o., . arm, pa, . .. ______________ i---,----c--------i v1 e, exas. eorge, a. ~s5inch. .5-incl{:- * ____ * ___ * * * .5inch. .5inch. .4inch. .6inch. ,4inch • . s;·T~h.- ---- .7 ~néh. * * * * * .7 inch. -.8 inch. .7 inch_------ -· r. inc~. -6 inch, 1.40inch. · r.2i11ch. - * * * * *1.3inch. 1.4inch. 1.2inch. 1.7inch. .9inch, ("'J ► t"" t"" 1 Ul ~ z o '1::1 ~ Ul o 'rj ("'J ::r:: > ~ > n >-3 tTl ;e 1J) o 'rj '1::1 ;ia. ;e < e: tfJ Q :;o o e: :-0 ~ ro' 7Call: The Parvus Group of UnionidaePublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1893

The Parvus Group of Unionidae

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The Parvus Group of Unionidae

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