Proteinürisi olan 3 farklı hasta grubunda hastaların anjiotensin dönüştürücü enzim inhibitörü ve/veya anjiotensin reseptör blokörü tedavilerinin karşılaştırılması ve iki yıllık takiplerinin değerlendirilmesi

Kronik böbrek hastalığı giderek yaygınlaşan evrensel bir sağlık problemi olup Türk Nefroloji Derneği tarafından gerçekleştirilen CREDİT (Chronic REnal Disease In Turkey) çalışmasına göre ülkemizdeki prevalansı %15,7 olarak rapor edilmiştir. Kronik böbrek hastalığının ilerleyici özelliğine en fazla katkıda bulunan iki etken proteinüri ve hipertansiyondur. Proteinüri varlığı ve derecesi kronik böbrek hastalığı için tanısal, prognostik ve tedavi göstergesi olan bir parametredir. Kan basıncı kontrolü ile beraber protein atılımının azaltılmasıyla böbrek hastalığının progresyonunda yavaşlama olduğu yapılan çalışmalarda kanıtlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza, 2009-2015 yılları arasında Ankara Başkent Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde takip edilen 1gr/gün ve üzerinde proteinürisi olan diyabetik nefropati, glomerülonefrit, renal transplantasyon alıcısı olan toplam 162 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların 2 yıllık verileri elde edildi. Renal transplantasyon alıcısı hastalarda proteinürik etkisinden dolayı sirolimus kullanan hastalar çalışmaya alınmadı. Hastaların proteinüri miktarı 24 saatlik idrarda türbidimetrik yöntem ile çalışıldı. Anjiotensin Converting Enzim (ACE) inhibitörü kullanan hastalar (grup 1), Anjiotensin Reseptör Blokörü (ARB) kullanan hastalar (grup 2) ve ACE inhibitörü ve ARB tedavilerini birlikte kullanan hastalar (grup 3) olmak üzere hastalar 3 gruba ayrıldı. Her bir hastanın demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar değerleri retrospektif olarak kaydedildi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, 0-1-3-6-9-12-18-24. aydaki kan üre nitrojen (BUN), kreatinin, sodyum, potasyum, hemoglobin değerleri, 24 saatlik idrarda proteinüri miktarı, kreatinin klirensi, kullandığı ilaçlar, böbrek biyopsi sonucu, 0 ve 24. aydaki ekokardiyografi bulguları, immunsupresif ajan kullanımı, ek hastalıkları, proteinüri etyolojileri kaydedildi. Çalışmamızda bütün gruplarda başlangıç proteinüri değeri ortamaları ile diğer tüm aylardaki kontrol proteinüri değerileri ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş gözlenmiştir. Her 3 hasta grubunda da proteinüri kontrolü sağlanmıştır. ACE inhibitörü kullananlarda 0. aydaki kreatinin değeri ile 24. aydaki kreatinin değeri ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlenmiştir. ACE inhibitörü ve ARB kullanan grupta ise 0. aydaki kreatinin değeri ile 9.,12. ve 18. aydaki kreatinin değeri ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlenmiştir. Hastaların kreatinin klirensi değerlerindeki değişim incelendiğinde ise ACE inhibitörü kullanan grup 1’deki hastaların 9. aydan itibaren kreatinin klirensi değerlerinin anlamlı olarak düştüğü, kombine ilaç tedavisi alan grup 3’teki hastaların ise 12. aydan itibaren kreatinin klirensinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş izlendiği, sadece ARB kullanan grup 2 hastalarında ise kreatinin klirensinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişim saptanmadığı görüldü. Çalışmamızda, sol ventrikül konsantrik hipertrofisi ve ejeksiyon fraksiyonu açısından ilaç kullanımına göre gruplar karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Sonuç olarak primer hastalığına bakmaksızın >1000 mg/gün'ün üzerinde proteinürisi olan hastalarda ACE inhibitörü veya ARB tedavisi başlanmalıdır. Proteinürisi kontrol altına alınamayan hastalarda, ACE inhibitörü ve ARB'nin birlikte kullanımı ancak seçilmiş, yakın takip edilebilecek ve uyumlu hastalar için söz konusu olabilir. Diyabetik nefropatide olduğu gibi, glomerülonefrit nedeniyle takipte olan ya da böbrek nakilli hastaların tedavisi ve tedaviye cevapları birbirine benzerlik göstermektedir. Her 3 hasta grubunda da proteinüri kontrolü öncelikli hedef olarak görünmektedir. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing problem all over the world. Turkish Nephrology Society demonstrated that prevalance of CKD in Turkey is 15.7% (CREDİT). Proteinuria and hypertension are two factors which are very important for the progression of chronic kidney disease. The degree of proteinuria is both a prognostic and a diagnostic parameter, furthermore it’s important to evaluate the treatment response. It’s shown that, good control of hypertension and reducing proteinuria slows down the progression of the CKD. In this study, we included 168 patients with diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, renal transplantation who were followed through the years 2009-2015 in Ankara Başkent University Hospital Nephrology Department and who had more than 1 gr of daily urinary protein excretion. Patients using sirolimus were excluded from the study. 24-h urinary protein excretion was determined by turbidimetric method. Patients were divided into three groups according to the medications used for proteinuria as; users of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (group 1), users of angiotensin receptor blockers (group 2), users of both angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (group 3). Demographic features (age, gender), clinical parameters (the disease which is responsible for proteinuria, co-morbid diseases, medications, echocardiographic changes) laboratory parameters (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, potassium, hemoglobin, 24-h urinary protein excretion, creatinine clearence) were recorded. Echocardiographic changes were recorded for both months 0 and 24. Laboratory tests were recorded for months 0-1-3-6-9-12-18-24. According to our study results; the initial 24 hours proteinuria levels showed statistically significant decrease in the follow up. Proteinuria has been taken under control in all 3 groups. The mean serum creatinine levels at the initiation of the study were significantly higher in patients who were receiving ACE-Is compared to the mean creatinine levels in the 24th month. The patients who were using both ACE-Is and ARBs had significantly higher creatinine levels after the 9th month of the study. When we compared the patient groups according to the changes in the creatinine clearance; group 1 patients (ACEI group) showed a significant decrease after the 9th month of the study while patients in group 3 (ACEI + ARB) showed a significant decrease after the 12nd month of the study and group 2 patients (ARB) showed no significant decrease in creatinine clearance. In our study, no statistically significant change was obtained for left ventricular concentric hypertrophy and ejection fraction in the patient groups between the initiation and the end of the study. In conclusion, the patients who have proteinuria higher than 1000 mg per day should receive ACEI or ARB therapies. Combined therapy of ACEIs and ARBs should only be used in selected patients who could be monitorized closely. The anti-proteinuric therapy is similar in diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis as well as in kidney transplant recipients. Proteinuria seems to be the main target in all patient groups

Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: An International Multicenter Study

Background and Aims: Data regarding outcome of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are lacking. Approach and Results: We performed a retrospective study on patients with AIH and COVID-19 from 34 centers in Europe and the Americas. We analyzed factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, defined as the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care admission, and/or death. The outcomes of patients with AIH were compared to a propensity score?matched cohort of patients without AIH but with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and COVID-19. The frequency and clinical significance of new-onset liver injury (alanine aminotransferase > 2 × the upper limit of normal) during COVID-19 was also evaluated. We included 110 patients with AIH (80% female) with a median age of 49 (range, 18-85) years at COVID-19 diagnosis. New-onset liver injury was observed in 37.1% (33/89) of the patients. Use of antivirals was associated with liver injury (P = 0.041; OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.05-10.78), while continued immunosuppression during COVID-19 was associated with a lower rate of liver injury (P = 0.009; OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71). The rates of severe COVID-19 (15.5% versus 20.2%, P = 0.231) and all-cause mortality (10% versus 11.5%, P = 0.852) were not different between AIH and non-AIH CLD. Cirrhosis was an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH (P < 0.001; OR, 17.46; 95% CI, 4.22-72.13). Continuation of immunosuppression or presence of liver injury during COVID-19 was not associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusions: This international, multicenter study reveals that patients with AIH were not at risk for worse outcomes with COVID-19 than other causes of CLD. Cirrhosis was the strongest predictor for severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH. Maintenance of immunosuppression during COVID-19 was not associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 but did lower the risk for new-onset liver injury during COVID-19.Fil: Efe, Cumali. Harran University Hospital; TurquíaFil: Dhanasekaran, Renumathy. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Lammert, Craig. University School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Ebik, Berat. Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Higuera de la Tijera, Fatima. Hospital General de México; MéxicoFil: Aloman, Costica. Rush University Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Rıza Calışkan, Ali. Adıyaman University; TurquíaFil: Peralta, Mirta. Latin American Liver Research Educational And Awareness Network; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Gerussi, Alessio. University of Milano Bicocca; Italia. San Gerardo Hospital; ItaliaFil: Massoumi, Hatef. Montefiore Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Catana, Andreea M.. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Torgutalp, Murat. Universitätsmedizin Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Purnak, Tugrul. McGovern Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Rigamonti, Cristina. Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore Della Carita Di Novara; Italia. Università del Piemonte Orientale; ItaliaFil: Gomez Aldana, Andres Jose. Universidad de los Andes; ColombiaFil: Khakoo, Nidah. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Kacmaz, Hüseyin. Adıyaman University; TurquíaFil: Nazal, Leyla. Clínica Las Condes; ChileFil: Frager, Shalom. Montefiore Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Demir, Nurhan. Haseki Training and Research Hospita; TurquíaFil: Irak, Kader. SBU Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Ellik, Zeynep Melekoğlu. Ankara University Medical Faculty; TurquíaFil: Balaban, Yasemin. Hacettepe University; TurquíaFil: Atay, Kadri. Mardin State Hospital; TurquíaFil: Eren, Fatih. Ordu State Hospital; TurquíaFil: Cristoferi, Laura. University of Milano Bicocca; Italia. San Gerardo Hospital; ItaliaFil: Batibay, Ersin. Harran University Hospital; TurquíaFil: Urzua, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina.; ChileFil: Snijders, Romee. Radboud University Medical Center; Países BajosFil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. Latin American Liver Research Educational and Awareness Network; Argentina. Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine; Turquía. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on COVID-19 severity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Background: We investigated associations between baseline use of immunosuppressive drugs and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Patients and methods: Data of AIH patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively collected from 15 countries. The outcomes of AIH patients who were on immunosuppression at the time of COVID-19 were compared to patients who were not on AIH medication. The clinical courses of COVID-19 were classified as (i)-no hospitalization, (ii)-hospitalization without oxygen supplementation, (iii)-hospitalization with oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula or mask, (iv)-intensive care unit (ICU) admission with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, (v)-ICU admission with invasive mechanical ventilation or (vi)-death and analysed using ordinal logistic regression. Results: We included 254 AIH patients (79.5%, female) with a median age of 50 (range, 17-85) years. At the onset of COVID-19, 234 patients (92.1%) were on treatment with glucocorticoids (n = 156), thiopurines (n = 151), mycophenolate mofetil (n = 22) or tacrolimus (n = 16), alone or in combinations. Overall, 94 (37%) patients were hospitalized and 18 (7.1%) patients died. Use of systemic glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.73, 95% CI 1.12-25.89) and thiopurines (aOR 4.78, 95% CI 1.33-23.50) for AIH was associated with worse COVID-19 severity, after adjusting for age-sex, comorbidities and presence of cirrhosis. Baseline treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (aOR 3.56, 95% CI 0.76-20.56) and tacrolimus (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 0.69-27.00) were also associated with more severe COVID-19 courses in a smaller subset of treated patients. Conclusion: Baseline treatment with systemic glucocorticoids or thiopurines prior to the onset of COVID-19 was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with AIH.Fil: Efe, Cumali. Harran University Hospita; TurquíaFil: Lammert, Craig. University School of Medicine Indianapolis; Estados UnidosFil: Taşçılar, Koray. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Dhanasekaran, Renumathy. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Ebik, Berat. Gazi Yasargil Education And Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Higuera de la Tijera, Fatima. Hospital General de México; MéxicoFil: Calışkan, Ali R.. No especifíca;Fil: Peralta, Mirta. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Gerussi, Alessio. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Massoumi, Hatef. No especifíca;Fil: Catana, Andreea M.. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Purnak, Tugrul. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Rigamonti, Cristina. Università del Piemonte Orientale ; ItaliaFil: Aldana, Andres J. G.. Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota; ColombiaFil: Khakoo, Nidah. Miami University; Estados UnidosFil: Nazal, Leyla. Clinica Las Condes; ChileFil: Frager, Shalom. Montefiore Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Demir, Nurhan. Haseki Training And Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Irak, Kader. Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training And Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Melekoğlu Ellik, Zeynep. Ankara University Medical Faculty; TurquíaFil: Kacmaz, Hüseyin. Adıyaman University; TurquíaFil: Balaban, Yasemin. Hacettepe University; TurquíaFil: Atay, Kadri. No especifíca;Fil: Eren, Fatih. No especifíca;Fil: Alvares da-Silva, Mario R.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Cristoferi, Laura. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Urzua, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Eşkazan, Tuğçe. Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine; TurquíaFil: Magro, Bianca. No especifíca;Fil: Snijders, Romee. No especifíca;Fil: Barutçu, Sezgin. No especifíca;Fil: Lytvyak, Ellina. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Zazueta, Godolfino M.. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Demirezer Bolat, Aylin. Ankara City Hospital; TurquíaFil: Aydın, Mesut. Van Yuzuncu Yil University; TurquíaFil: Amorós Martín, Alexandra Noemí. No especifíca;Fil: De Martin, Eleonora. No especifíca;Fil: Ekin, Nazım. No especifíca;Fil: Yıldırım, Sümeyra. No especifíca;Fil: Yavuz, Ahmet. No especifíca;Fil: Bıyık, Murat. Necmettin Erbakan University; TurquíaFil: Narro, Graciela C.. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Bıyık, Murat. Uludag University; TurquíaFil: Kıyıcı, Murat. No especifíca;Fil: Kahramanoğlu Aksoy, Evrim. No especifíca;Fil: Vincent, Maria. No especifíca;Fil: Carr, Rotonya M.. University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Günşar, Fulya. No especifíca;Fil: Reyes, Eira C.. Hepatology Unit. Hospital Militar Central de México; MéxicoFil: Harputluoğlu, Murat. Inönü University School of Medicine; TurquíaFil: Aloman, Costica. Rush University Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Gatselis, Nikolaos K.. University Hospital Of Larissa; GreciaFil: Üstündağ, Yücel. No especifíca;Fil: Brahm, Javier. Clinica Las Condes; ChileFil: Vargas, Nataly C. E.. Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo; PerúFil: Güzelbulut, Fatih. No especifíca;Fil: Garcia, Sandro R.. Hospital Iv Víctor Lazarte Echegaray; PerúFil: Aguirre, Jonathan. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; MéxicoFil: Anders, Margarita. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Ratusnu, Natalia. Hospital Regional de Ushuaia; ArgentinaFil: Hatemi, Ibrahim. No especifíca;Fil: Mendizabal, Manuel. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Floreani, Annarosa. Università di Padova; ItaliaFil: Fagiuoli, Stefano. No especifíca;Fil: Silva, Marcelo. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Idilman, Ramazan. No especifíca;Fil: Satapathy, Sanjaya K.. No especifíca;Fil: Silveira, Marina. University of Yale. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Drenth, Joost P. H.. No especifíca;Fil: Dalekos, George N.. No especifíca;Fil: N.Assis, David. University of Yale. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Björnsson, Einar. No especifíca;Fil: Boyer, James L.. University of Yale. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Yoshida, Eric M.. University of British Columbia; CanadáFil: Invernizzi, Pietro. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Levy, Cynthia. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Montano Loza, Aldo J.. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Schiano, Thomas D.. No especifíca;Fil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. Universidad Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; ArgentinaFil: Wahlin, Staffan. No especifíca

Covid-19 in liver transplant recipients: A national cohort

..

Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: An International Multicenter Study.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowBackground and aims: Data regarding outcome of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are lacking. Approach and results: We performed a retrospective study on patients with AIH and COVID-19 from 34 centers in Europe and the Americas. We analyzed factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, defined as the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care admission, and/or death. The outcomes of patients with AIH were compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of patients without AIH but with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and COVID-19. The frequency and clinical significance of new-onset liver injury (alanine aminotransferase > 2 × the upper limit of normal) during COVID-19 was also evaluated. We included 110 patients with AIH (80% female) with a median age of 49 (range, 18-85) years at COVID-19 diagnosis. New-onset liver injury was observed in 37.1% (33/89) of the patients. Use of antivirals was associated with liver injury (P = 0.041; OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.05-10.78), while continued immunosuppression during COVID-19 was associated with a lower rate of liver injury (P = 0.009; OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71). The rates of severe COVID-19 (15.5% versus 20.2%, P = 0.231) and all-cause mortality (10% versus 11.5%, P = 0.852) were not different between AIH and non-AIH CLD. Cirrhosis was an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH (P < 0.001; OR, 17.46; 95% CI, 4.22-72.13). Continuation of immunosuppression or presence of liver injury during COVID-19 was not associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusions: This international, multicenter study reveals that patients with AIH were not at risk for worse outcomes with COVID-19 than other causes of CLD. Cirrhosis was the strongest predictor for severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH. Maintenance of immunosuppression during COVID-19 was not associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 but did lower the risk for new-onset liver injury during COVID-19.United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA

Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on COVID-19 severity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowBackground: We investigated associations between baseline use of immunosuppressive drugs and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Patients and methods: Data of AIH patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively collected from 15 countries. The outcomes of AIH patients who were on immunosuppression at the time of COVID-19 were compared to patients who were not on AIH medication. The clinical courses of COVID-19 were classified as (i)-no hospitalization, (ii)-hospitalization without oxygen supplementation, (iii)-hospitalization with oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula or mask, (iv)-intensive care unit (ICU) admission with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, (v)-ICU admission with invasive mechanical ventilation or (vi)-death and analysed using ordinal logistic regression. Results: We included 254 AIH patients (79.5%, female) with a median age of 50 (range, 17-85) years. At the onset of COVID-19, 234 patients (92.1%) were on treatment with glucocorticoids (n = 156), thiopurines (n = 151), mycophenolate mofetil (n = 22) or tacrolimus (n = 16), alone or in combinations. Overall, 94 (37%) patients were hospitalized and 18 (7.1%) patients died. Use of systemic glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.73, 95% CI 1.12-25.89) and thiopurines (aOR 4.78, 95% CI 1.33-23.50) for AIH was associated with worse COVID-19 severity, after adjusting for age-sex, comorbidities and presence of cirrhosis. Baseline treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (aOR 3.56, 95% CI 0.76-20.56) and tacrolimus (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 0.69-27.00) were also associated with more severe COVID-19 courses in a smaller subset of treated patients. Conclusion: Baseline treatment with systemic glucocorticoids or thiopurines prior to the onset of COVID-19 was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with AIH. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; autoimmunity; azathioprine; budesonide; liver transplantation; mercaptopurine.Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR