Propuesta de gestión logística en los almacenes de repuestos de la Distribuidora Santa Mónica S.A.C para reducir sus costos operacionales

RESUMEN La presente tesis es un trabajo de investigación que se enfoca en desarrollar un sistema de gestión logística en los almacenes de repuestos de una distribuidora, que incluye la adquisición, recepción, almacenamiento y correcta entrega de mercadería a los diversos clientes. El conocimiento y aplicación de indicadores y/o métodos permitirá administrar y gestionar; además será el inicio de una serie de acciones a realizar orientadas hacia la mejora continua. Las exigencias de los clientes respecto a la rápida atención de sus requerimientos son cada vez mayores, asimismo el mercado exige ser bastante competitivo en costos, por lo cual un elemento diferenciador, será el analizar la mejora en los procesos logísticos y eliminar todo lo que no genera valor, e identificar y eliminar las causas con la finalidad de automatización de procesos y reducción de los costos operacionales. Finalmente la gestión logística en los almacenes propuesto permite la fácil coordinación de información y distribución dentro del almacén que supera las expectativas del mercado local en una distribuidora generando un impacto positivo en la viabilidad económica tal como: VAN S/. 510,601.54 y TIR 107.37%, adicionalmente se logró desarrollar actividades logísticas de la empresa como: disminución de pérdidas en un 85%, aumento de atenciones a clientes y mayor rapidez del mismo en un 46% y disminución de pedidos en un 35%. Asimismo tiene como ventajas: validar información de proveedores, disminuir niveles de inventario, agilizar rotación artículos y coordinar efectivamente al personal.ABSTRACT The present thesis is a work of investigation that focuses in developing a system of logistic management in the repair parts stocks of a distributor, who includes the acquisition, reception, storage and correcto delivery of merchandise to the diverse clients. The knowledge and application of indicators and/or methods will allow to administer and to manage; in addition it will be the beginning of a series of action to realice oriented towards the continuous improvement. The exigencies of the clients with respect to the fast attention of their requirements are very time majors, also the market demands to be quite competitive in costs, thus an element differentiator, the improvement in the logistic processes will be to analyze and to eliminate everything what it does not generate value, and to identify and to eliminate the causes for the purposes of automatization of processes and reduction of the operational costs. Finally the logistic management in the warehouses proposed allows the easy coordination of information and distribution within the warehouse that surpasses the expectations of the local market in a distributor generating a positive impact in the economic viability as: VAN S/. 510,601.54 and TIR 107.37%, additionally were managed to develop logistics operations of the Company like: diminution of losses in a 85%, increase of attentions in clients and major rapidity of the same in a 46% and diminution of orders in a 35%. Also it has like advantages: to validate information of suppliers, to diminish inventory levels, to make agile rotation articles and to indeed coordinate the personnel

Penggunaan Media Gambar Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SDN Uwedaka Kecamatan Pagimana Kabupaten Banggai

Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya tingkat kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SDN Uwedaka dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SDN Uwedaka Kecamatan Pagimana Kabupaten Banggai. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang didapatkan masih terdapat beberapa siswa yang sama sekali belum bisa membaca. Pembelajaran membaca permulaan di SDN Uwedaka selama ini hanya menggunakan media pembelajaran yang konvensional yaitu dengan menggunakan papan tulis, pembelajaran yang hanya berpusat pada guru, penggunaan media dalam pembelajaran sebagai alat bantu masih sangat terbatas, hal ini menyebabkan kemampuan membaca permulaan yang masih rendah dan terlihat hampir 65% siswa masih mengalami kesulitan membaca dalam proses belajar mengajar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif didapatkan dari hasil tes dan observasi siswa dan guru. data kuantitatif didapatkan dari hasil tes belajar. Desain penelitian ini mengacu pada desain oleh Kemmis dan Mc Taggart yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Data dikumpulkan melalui penilaian proses dan penilaian hasil setiap akhir tindakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu sebesar 67 dengan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 40% serta daya serap 66,6%. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 83 dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 100% serta daya serap klasikal sebesar 83,3%. Bersarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media gambar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan terhadap siswa kelas I SDN Uwedaka Kecamatan Pagimana Kabupaten Banggai

Interactions between the tumor and the blood systemic response of breast cancer patients

<div><p>Although systemic immunity is critical to the process of tumor rejection, cancer research has largely focused on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. To understand molecular changes in the patient systemic response (SR) to the presence of BC, we profiled RNA in blood and matched tumor from 173 patients. We designed a system (MIxT, Matched Interactions Across Tissues) to systematically explore and link molecular processes expressed in each tissue. MIxT confirmed that processes active in the patient SR are especially relevant to BC immunogenicity. The nature of interactions across tissues (i.e. which biological processes are associated and their patterns of expression) varies highly with tumor subtype. For example, aspects of the immune SR are underexpressed proportionally to the level of expression of defined molecular processes specific to basal tumors. The catalog of subtype-specific interactions across tissues from BC patients provides promising new ways to tackle or monitor the disease by exploiting the patient SR.</p></div

Multivariate Cox regression analysis (BCSS).

<p>¹ Tumor grade is included as ordinal variablePrognostic impact of <i>WRAP53</i> in patients stratified for ER- and <i>TP53-</i>status</p><p>Multivariate Cox regression analysis (BCSS).</p

Individual characteristics and SR markers of BC subtypes.

<p>(A) Collection of biospecimen from BC patients and controls. (B) Individual characteristics of BC patients and controls. (C) Parallel plot displaying the repartition of BC patients across RNA-based subtyping schemes. (D) Sparse hierarchical clustering of BC patients based on genes expressed in tumor (upper) and the patient SR (lower). Clinicopathological and subtypes attributes are presented below the dendrogram. (E) Significant gene markers of subtypes in SR (false discovery rate, fdr <i>≤</i> 0.2). Blue and red shade correspond to under- and over- expression of the marker in a given subtype vs the others, respectively. Shading is proportional to the level of significance of the gene marker.</p

Immunohistochemical staining patterns of WRAP53 in breast cancer.

<p><b>A.</b> and <b>B.</b> Positive nucleus/positive cytoplasma, <b>C.</b> and <b>D.</b> positive nucleus/negative cytoplasma (with normal mammary epithelial cells), <b>E.</b> positive nucleus/negative cytoplasm (invasive lobular carcinoma), and <b>F.</b> negative nucleus/negative cytoplasm.</p

The Sub-Cellular Localization of WRAP53 Has Prognostic Impact in Breast Cancer - Fig 3

<p>Kaplan-Meier curves showing Breast Cancer Specific Survival (BCSS) of WRAP53 IHC staining of nucleus and cytoplasm in combination, <b>A</b>. in the test set and <b>B.</b> in the validation set. Numbers at risk are listed below each chart.</p

Gene co-expression networks, modules and associations with clinicopathological attributes of BC patients.

<p>(A) Network visualization using the edge-weighted spring embedded layout from Cytoscape (v3.2.1) including the top gene connections (topological overlap > 0.1) in tumor. Each node (gene) is color-coded by the module to which it belongs, Keywords representing top pathway enrichments (biological processes) are indicated for each module. (B) Network visualization including the top gene connections in the patient SR. The legend follows Fig 2A. (C) Associations between tumor modules and clinicopathological attributes of patients. Associations were estimated using Pearson correlation (Student’s p) or ANOVA. Shading is proportional to -log₁₀(fdr) of the associations (fdr <i>≤</i> 0.15). HER2S: HER2 score; LUMS: luminal score; MKS: Mitotic kinase gene expression score; hrt: hormone replacement therapy (D) Associations between SR modules and clinicopathological attributes of patients. The legend follows Fig 2C.</p

Association between the brown tumor and green SR module for two distinct subtypes.

<p>(A) Scatter plot of ranksums of the brown tumor module and the green SR module in ER-/HER2- patients. The top corner depicts the background distributions of the correlations coefficients between ranksums of every modules pairs across tissues in ER-/HER2- patients. (B) Scatter plot of ranksums of the brown tumor module and the green SR module in ER+/lumB patients. Legend follows Fig 5A (C) Expression heatmap of genes in the brown tumor module in ER-/HER2- patients. Patients are linearly ordered based on the ranksum of gene expression in the brown tumor module. Yellow vertical lines delimit the ROI₉₅ in tumor that contains 95% of the randomly generated samples. Genes that are positively and negatively correlated with the ranksum are represented in the right sidebar colored in red and blue, respectively. Top pathway enrichment keywords and representative genes are indicated on the left and right of the heatmap, respectively). (D) Expression heatmap of genes in the brown tumor module in ER+/lumB patients. Legend follows Fig 5C. (E) Expression heatmap of genes in the green SR module in ER-/HER2- patients. Legend follows Fig 5C. Top pathway enrichment keywords and representative genes are indicated on the left and right of the heatmap, respectively. (F) Expression heatmap of genes in the green SR module in ER+/lumB patients. Legend follows Fig 5E. (G) Clinical characteristics of ER-/HER2- patients ordered by the ranksum of gene expression in the brown tumor module. Legend follows <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005680#pcbi.1005680.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1D</a>. (H) Clinical characteristics of ER+/lumB patients ordered by the ranksum of gene expression in the brown tumor module. Legend follows <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005680#pcbi.1005680.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1D</a>. Asterisks represent the level of significance of the associations between the gene ranksums for the brown tumor module and clinicopathological attributes of patients. Associations were estimated using ANOVA (fdr < ***0.01). (I) Distribution of ranksums for ER-/HER2- patients and controls induced by the expression of genes in the green SR module. Patients are grouped according to the ROI₉₅ brown tumor module category as defined in Fig 5C. aov: analysis of variance (J) Distribution of ranksums for ER+/lumB patients and controls induced by the expression of genes in the green SR module. Patients are grouped according to the ROI₉₅ brown tumor module category as defined in Fig 5D.</p

Modules size and overlap in their gene composition across tissues.

<p>(A) Histograms depicting number of genes composing modules in each tissue. Edges between modules indicate significant overlaps in gene composition (Fisher exact test, fdr < 0.01). (B) Expression heatmaps of the 47 genes included in both darkturquoise modules in tumor (upper) and SR (lower). Patients in both heatmaps are linearly ordered based on their ranksum of gene expression in tumors. Yellow vertical lines delimit the region of Independence (ROI₉₅) in tumor that contains 95% of randomly generated samples. Twenty genes out of the 47 common genes are involved in the type 1 IFN signaling pathway (IFN alpha signaling pathway is depicted on the right).</p