33 research outputs found
Inside the Hallowed Walls: Convent Life through Material History
This paper is an inquiry into the nature of convent life through an examination of the material history of a religious community. Consideration is given to the spatial structure of the first convent built in southern New Brunswick, convent artifacts, and religious habits. This discussion touches upon the tension within apostolic communities of having to address both the services dimension and the prayer life. In this paper it is observed that in the course of attempting to improve the services dimension much of the externals of the prayer life receded in importance. These artifacts, now relegated to museums, serve today as a poignant material legacy of a Catholic religious social organization that once functioned as a compelling career route for women.
Résumé
La communication étudie la nature de la vie dans un couvent, en examinant l'histoire matérielle d'une communauté religieuse. Elle décrit, entre autres, la structure spatiale du premier couvent établi dans le sud du Nouveau-Brunswick, des objets et des habits religieux. La discussion fait état des difficultés auxquelles se heurtaient les communautés apostoliques pour servir le public tout en continuant à mener une vie de prière. On mentionne que les efforts consacrés à améliorer le service à la population ont grandement diminué l'importance de nombreuses formes extérieures de dévotion. Ces objets, maintenant relégués dans les musées, constituent le poignant témoignage laissé par une organisation sociale catholique et religieuse qui représentait autrefois la carrière féminine par excellence
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An International Comparative Public Health Analysis of Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls in Eight Cities: Achieving a More Effective Health Sector Response
Sex trafficking, trafficking for the purpose of forced sexual exploitation, is a widespread form of human trafficking that occurs in all regions of the world, affects mostly women and girls, and has far-reaching health implications. Studies suggest that up to 50 % of sex trafficking victims in the USA seek medical attention while in their trafficking situation, yet it is unclear how the healthcare system responds to the needs of victims of sex trafficking. To understand the intersection of sex trafficking and public health, we performed in-depth qualitative interviews among 277 antitrafficking stakeholders across eight metropolitan areas in five countries to examine the local context of sex trafficking. We sought to gain a new perspective on this form of gender-based violence from those who have a unique vantage point and intimate knowledge of push-and-pull factors, victim health needs, current available resources and practices in the health system, and barriers to care. Through comparative analysis across these contexts, we found that multiple sociocultural and economic factors facilitate sex trafficking, including child sexual abuse, the objectification of women and girls, and lack of income. Although there are numerous physical and psychological health problems associated with sex trafficking, health services for victims are patchy and poorly coordinated, particularly in the realm of mental health. Various factors function as barriers to a greater health response, including low awareness of sex trafficking and attitudinal biases among health workers. A more comprehensive and coordinated health system response to sex trafficking may help alleviate its devastating effects on vulnerable women and girls. There are numerous opportunities for local health systems to engage in antitrafficking efforts while partnering across sectors with relevant stakeholders
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A multicenter assessment of interreader reliability of LI-RADS version 2018 for MRI and CT
Background: Various limitations have impacted research evaluating reader agreement
for Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS).
Purpose: To assess reader agreement of LI-RADS in an international multi-center, multireader setting using scrollable images.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used de-identified clinical multiphase
CT and MRI examinations and reports with at least one untreated observation from six
institutions and three countries; only qualifying examinations were submitted.
Examination dates were October 2017 – August 2018 at the coordinating center. One
untreated observation per examination was randomly selected using observation
identifiers, and its clinically assigned features were extracted from the report. The
corresponding LI-RADS v2018 category was computed as a re-scored clinical read. Each
examination was randomly assigned to two of 43 research readers who independently
scored the observation. Agreement for an ordinal modified four-category LI-RADS scale
(LR-1/2, LR-3, LR-4, LR-5/M/tumor in vein) was computed using intra-class correlation
coefficients (ICC). Agreement was also computed for dichotomized malignancy (LR-4/LR5/LR-M/LR-tumor in vein), LR-5, and LR-M. Agreement was compared between researchversus-research reads and research-versus-clinical reads.
Results: 484 patients (mean age, 62 years ±10 [SD]; 156 women; 93 CT, 391 MRI) were
included. ICCs for ordinal LI-RADS, dichotomized malignancy, LR-5, and LR-M were 0.68
(95% CI: 0.62, 0.74), 0.63 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.71), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.66), and 0.46 (95%
CI: 0.31, 0.61) respectively. Research-versus-research reader agreement was higher
than research-versus-clinical agreement for modified four-category LI-RADS (ICC, 0.68
vs. 0.62, P = .03) and for dichotomized malignancy (ICC, 0.63 vs. 0.53, P = .005), but not
for LR-5 (P = .14) or LR-M (P = .94).
Conclusion: There was moderate agreement for Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data
System v2018 overall. For some comparisons, research-versus-research reader
agreement was higher than research-versus-clinical reader agreement, indicating
differences between the clinical and research environments that warrant further study
The Port of Saint John, New Brunswick, 1867-1911 : Exploration of an Ecological Complex
Periodically, urban historians have been reminded of the need to view the development of cities as a process. In tracing the growth of the Port of Saint John, 1867-1911, the theoretical perspective of ecology is employed to examine the process by which one urban community was integrated, through its transport node, into a larger eco-system of cities. </jats:p