Atomically precise semiconductor-graphene and hBN interfaces by Ge intercalation

The full exploration of the potential, which graphene offers to nanoelectronics requires its integration into semiconductor technology. So far the real-world applications are limited by the ability to concomitantly achieve large single-crystalline domains on dielectrics and semiconductors and to tailor the interfaces between them. Here we show a new direct bottom-up method for the fabrication of high-quality atomically precise interfaces between 2D materials, like graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and classical semiconductor via Ge intercalation. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and complementary DFT modelling we observed for the first time that epitaxially grown graphene with the Ge monolayer underneath demonstrates Dirac Fermions unaffected by the substrate as well as an unperturbed electronic band structure of hBN. This approach provides the intrinsic relativistic 2D electron gas towards integration in semiconductor technology. Hence, these new interfaces are a promising path for the integration of graphene and hBN into state-of-the-art semiconductor technology

Electric field study with HIBP in OH and ECRH plasmas on the T-10 tokamak

The plasma potential φ and radial electric field Er were studied on T-10 in a wide range of ohmic and ECRH regimes. At densities ne> 10¹⁹ m⁻³, the potential has negative sign over the whole plasma cross section. At lower densities, the outer zone with positive φ and Er is formed. The absolute value of potential at mid-radius grows with density up to ne ≈ 3×10¹⁹ m⁻³ and then saturates. In regimes with ECR heating, |φ| decreases owing to the density pump-out and the electron temperature increase. Measurements of Er are compared with numerical simulations with several codes including nonambipolar fluxes due to the toroidal field ripple. The change of radially averaged ¬Er with density and temperature qualitatively agrees with neoclassical expectations.Потенциал плазмы φ и радиальное электрическое поле Er исследовались на токамаке T-10 в широком диапазоне омических и ЭЦР-режимов. При плотностях ne> 10¹⁹ м⁻³ потенциал имеет положительный знак во всем сечении плазмы. При меньших плотностях во внешней зоне потенциал и Er меняют знак. Абсолютное значение потенциала на середине радиуса растет с плотностью вплоть до ne ≈ 3×10¹⁹ м⁻³, а затем насыщается. В режимах с ЭЦР-нагревом абсолютная величина |φ| уменьшается за счет откачки плотности и роста электронной температуры. Измерения Er сравнивались с численными расчетами по нескольким кодам, учитывающим неамбиполярные потоки за счет гофрировки тороидального поля. Изменение среднего поля ¬Er с плотностью и температурой не противоречит неоклассическим ожиданиям.Потенціал плазми φ та радіальне електричне поле Er було досліджено на токамаці Т-10 у широкому діапазоні омічних та ЕЦР-режимів. При щiльностях ne> 10¹⁹ м⁻³ потенцiал має позитивний знак в усьому перетинi плазми. При менших щiльностях у зовнiшнiй зонi потенціал та Er змiнюють знак. Абсолютне значення потенцiалу на серединi радіуса росте зi щiльністью майже до ne ≈ 3×10¹⁹ м⁻³, а потiм насичується. У режимах з ЕЦР-нагрiвом абсолютна величина |φ|зменшується за рахунок відкачки щiльностi та росту електронноï температури. Вимiрювання Er порiвнювалися з числовими розрахунками за декiлькома кодами, які враховують неамбіполярнi потоки за рахунок гофрировки тороïдального поля. Зміна середнього поля ¬Er з щiльнiстю та температурою не протирiчить неокласичним сподiванням

MHD characteristics of compression zone in plasma stream generated by MPC

An investigation of local MHD plasma parameters in flow and characterizations of plasma streams, generated by different types of plasma accelerators and magneto-plasma compressors, is one of actual and important from point of view basic plasma dynamics research and plasma applications in different technologies. The present paper devoted to analysis of magneto-hydrodynamic characteristics of the plasma stream generated by the MPC compact geometry. Such important parameters as spatial distributions of electric current and spatial distribution of electromagnetic force in plasma stream, plasma density and velocity in compression zone have been investigated.Исследование локальных МГД параметров плазмы в потоке и характеристик плазменных потоков, генерируемых различными видами плазменных ускорителей и магнито-плазменных компрессоров, является актуальной фундаментальной задачей физики плазмы. Настоящая работа посвящена анализу магнито- гидродинамических характеристик плазменного потока, генерируемого MПК. Были исследованы такие важные параметры, как пространственные распределения электрического тока и электромагнитной силы в плазменном потоке, плотность плазмы и скорость в зоне компрессии.Дослідження локальних МГД параметрів плазми в потоці та характеристик плазмових потоків, що генеруються різними видами плазмових прискорювачів і магніто-плазмових компресорів, є актуальною фундаментальною задачею фізики плазми. Дана робота присвячена аналізу магніто-гідродинамічних характеристик плазмового потоку, який генерується MПК. Були досліджені такі важливі параметри, як просторові розподіли електричного струму та електромагнітної сили в плазмовому потоці, густина плазми та швидкістьу зоні компресії

Structure and Stresses in a System of Two Mechanical Twins in Titanium

In the work we have presented the results of experimental studies and mathematical modeling for the processes of the structure formation in a transition zone of wedge-type twins system in commercially pure titanium. The process of interaction of structure defects with twinning dislocations during the formation of a wedge-type twin was taken into consideration. It is shown that the interaction alters the stress maximum in vicinity of boundaries in the system two wedge-type twins

Role of turbulence and electric fields in the establishment of improved confinement in tokamak plasmas

An extensive (INTAS) research programme started in 2002 to investigate the correlations between on the one hand the occurrence of transport barriers and improved confinement in the medium-size tokamaks TEXTOR and T-10 and on the smaller tokamaks FT-2, TUMAN-3M and CASTOR, and on the other hand electric fields, modified magnetic shear and electrostatic and magnetic turbulence using advanced diagnostics with high spatial and temporal resolution and of various active means to externally control plasma transport . This has been done in a strongly coordinated way and exploiting the complementarity of TEXTOR and T-10 and the backup potential of the three other tokamaks, which together have all the relevant experimental tools and theoretical expertise

Capsulate structure effect on SWNTs doping in RbxAg1 xI SWNT composites

The paper reports the relationship between single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) doping and capsulate crystal structure in RbxAg1−xI@SWNT composites.</p

Structural and magnetic properties of inverse opal photonic crystals studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and small-angle neutron scattering

The structural and magnetic properties of nickel inverse opal photonic crystal have been studied by complementary experimental techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, wide-angle and small-angle diffraction of synchrotron radiation, and polarized neutrons. The sample was fabricated by electrochemical deposition of nickel in voids in a colloidal crystal film made of 450 nm polystyrene microspheres followed by their dissolving in toluene. The microradian small-angle diffraction of synchrotron radiation was used to reveal the opal-like large-scale ordering proving its tendency to the face-centered-cubic fcc structure with the lattice constant of 650 10 nm. The wide-angle x-ray powder diffraction has shown that nanosize fcc nickel crystallites, which form an inverse opal framework, have some texture prescribed by principal directions in inverse opal on a macroscale, thus showing that the atomic and macroscopic structures are correlated. The polarized small-angle neutron scattering is used on the extreme limit of its ability to detect the transformation of the magnetic structure under applied field. Different contributions to the neutron scattering have been analyzed: the nonmagnetic nuclear one, the pure magnetic one, and the nuclear-magnetic interference. The latter in the diffraction pattern shows the degree of the spatial correlation between the magnetic and nuclear reflecting planes and gives the pattern behavior of the reversal magnetization process for these planes. The field dependence of pure magnetic contribution shows that the three-dimensional geometrical shape of the structure presumably leads to a complex distribution of the magnetization in the sample

Determination of the real structure of artificial and natural opals on the basis of three-dimensional reconstructions of reciprocal space

The distribution of the scattering intensity in the reciprocal space for natural and artificial opals has been reconstructed from a set of small-angle X-ray diffraction patterns. The resulting three-dimensional intensity maps are used to analyze the defect structure of opals. The structure of artificial opals can be satisfactorily described in the Wilson probability model with the prevalence of layers in the fcc environment. The diffraction patterns observed for a natural opal confirm the presence of sufficiently long unequally occupied fcc domains