Liberty, Efficiency, and Law

In today’s society there is an increasing demand for renewable energy sources such as sun and wind power. These sources are intermittent, and energy storage is therefore needed to ensure a constant power supply. This report compares pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), flywheels, batteries, super magnetic energy storage (SMES) and hydrogen energy storage. The opportunities for further development are limited for PHES and CAES in comparison with the other technologies. Lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen energy storage are considered to have the most potential in the future. This is based on the high energy density and the high demand from other industries, the automotive industry in particular. The most limiting factor for both of these technologies is the high cost. Currently there is no method that alone can handle all types of energy storage that is needed, but lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen energy storage will play a key role in the future energy storage. I dagens samhälle efterfrågas allt mer förnybara energikällor så som sol- och vindkraft. Dessa är intermittenta, och för att kunna förlita sig på dessa krävs energilagring. Denna rapport jämför pumpkraftverk, tryckluft (CAES), svänghjul, batterier, supraledande energilager (SMES) och vätgaslagring. Utvecklingsmöjligheterna för pumpkraftverk och tryckluftslager är begränsade jämfört med de andra lagringsmetoderna. De som i denna rapport bedöms ha störst potential i framtiden är litiumjonbatterier och vätgaslagring. Detta beror på att de har hög energitäthet samt att drivkraften för utveckling är stor även i andra branscher, framför allt fordonsbranschen. Största begränsningen för båda teknikerna är kostnaden. I dagsläget finns ingen metod som kan hantera alla typer av energilagring på egen hand, dock <img src="file:///page2image17744" /

Nitrogen isotope analysis of ammonium and glycine

Stable isotope techniques can be used as a tool in nitrogen cycling studies of different ecosystems. The studies are based on measurement of the heavy (15N)- to- light (14N) isotopic ratios of nitrogen in different biospheric pools. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is the most precise technique to use for analysis of nitrogen isotopic ratios. This thesis deals with the development of methods for compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of ammonium and glycine in aqueous solutions and soil extracts using Gas Chromatography - Combustion (GC-C) - IRMS. For ammonium, three different techniques were developed: equilibrium headspace analysis, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge and trap (P & T) technique, which were all based on conversion of ammonium to ammonia with subsequent separation of ammonia for analysis. In the SPME and P & T approaches, custom-made absorbents were used for pre-concentration, followed by thermal desorption into the GC-C-IRMS system. For the equilibrium headspace technique, high precision measurements of the nitrogen isotopic ratio were obtained for concentrations above 420 mg N L-1. With further improvements and the use of suitable equipment, the method has the potential to be used for solutions containing ammonium in the low mg N L-1 range. The SPME technique increased the sensitivity by a factor of » 3 compared to the headspace technique, but was less precise. In addition, the NafionÒ material used for absorption showed a memory effect in the desorption step. With the P & T technique a large variation in the measured isotopic value was observed (using solutions containing 2 mg N L-1) which was due to a non-quantitative thermal desorption. However, with further improvements, the P & T technique has the potential to be used for samples containing below 1.0 µg N, which is a much lower amount than that possible with any method used today. A method for determination of the nitrogen isotopic ratio in free glycine in soil extracts was also developed. By a combination of sample pre-concentration and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS), it was possible to determine isotopic ratio in soil extracts with a glycine concentration of only 3 µM (0.042 mg N L-1). The precision obtained was sufficient for use with tracer studies and was higher by an order of magnitude than the precision obtained with conventional GC-MS

Extension operators via semigroups

The Roper--Suffridge extension operator and its modifications are powerful tools to construct biholomorphic mappings with special geometric properties. The first purpose of this paper is to analyze common properties of different extension operators and to define an extension operator for biholomorphic mappings on the open unit ball of an arbitrary complex Banach space. The second purpose is to study extension operators for starlike, spirallike and convex in one direction mappings. In particular, we show that the extension of each spirallike mapping is $A$-spirallike for a variety of linear operators $A$. Our approach is based on a connection of special classes of biholomorphic mappings defined on the open unit ball of a complex Banach space with semigroups acting on this ball

What determines which children work? Empirical evidence from Kenya

This paper determines which children work and how much children work in Kenya. The results show that the educational level of the head of household is important, but it does not matter if the head has primary or higher education. Social norms have a strong effect on the child’s probability of working and access to the labor market is important. The overall finding is not consistent with the view that it is children from the poorest families who work.Child labor; Education; Kenya

Physics with boosted top quarks

The production at the LHC of boosted top quarks (top quarks with a transverse momentum that greatly exceeds their rest mass) is a promising process to search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model. In this contribution several examples are discussed of new techniques to reconstruct and identify (tag) the collimated decay topology of the boosted hadronic decays of top quarks. Boosted top reconstruction techniques have been utilized in searches for new physical phenomena. An overview is given of searches by ATLAS, CDF and CMS for heavy new particles decaying into a top and an anti-top quark, vector-like quarks and supersymmetric partners to the top quark.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings of The Second Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics, Columbia University, New York, U.S.A, June 2-7, 201

THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND COMPETENCY TOWARD PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEE ON PT BPR DANA NAGOYA

Abstract: The aspect of human resources has a significant influence on the success of a company. If a company has a good quality human resources performance, it will support the company in achieving the desired target. This research is to test and analyze the problems of Motivation and Competence on Employee’s Performance at PT BPR Dana Nagoya. The technique used in this study is saturated or census sample with 108 respondents. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The data quality test in this study uses the validity test and the reliability test, the classic assumption test in this study uses the normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test and the effect test using multiple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination analysis (R2), while the hypothesis test in this study using t test and F test with the help of SPSS 25 statistical software. Based on the results of the study, showed that motivation and competence had a positive and significant effect on employee’s performance from t calculate > t table and significant value f table and significant value ttabel dan nilai signifikan ftabel dan nilai signifikan < 0,05

Direct Cash Transfer and Food Security in Georgia

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects on food security in Georgia following a joint direct cash transfer project initiated as an emergency response to the conflict with Russia in August 2008. Based on interviews with beneficiaries, it was found that their food security situation had improved. Although increased food access and food utilisation promoted dietary diversity and food frequency, it was concluded that they remain dependent on external assistance. When considering various key determinants of transfer choice as well as preferences of both beneficiaries and partners, cash assistance was determined to constitute the optimal food assistance instrument when addressing the issue of food security in Georgia. While future cash assistance will benefit from greater knowledge and experience of partners, further improvements were acknowledged to require increased technological capacity, human capital, training and monitoring in order to achieve adequate information collection and dissemination