The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog: Motions from WISE{\it WISE} and NEOWISE{\it NEOWISE} Data

CatWISE is a program to catalog sources selected from combined ${\it WISE}$ and ${\it NEOWISE}$ all-sky survey data at 3.4 and 4.6 $\mu$m (W1 and W2). The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog consists of 900,849,014 sources measured in data collected from 2010 to 2016. This dataset represents four times as many exposures and spans over ten times as large a time baseline as that used for the AllWISE Catalog. CatWISE adapts AllWISE software to measure the sources in coadded images created from six-month subsets of these data, each representing one coverage of the inertial sky, or epoch. The catalog includes the measured motion of sources in 8 epochs over the 6.5 year span of the data. From comparison to ${\it Spitzer}$, the SNR=5 limits in magnitudes in the Vega system are W1=17.67 and W2=16.47, compared to W1=16.96 and W2=16.02 for AllWISE. From comparison to ${\it Gaia}$, CatWISE positions have typical accuracies of 50 mas for stars at W1=10 mag and 275 mas for stars at W1=15.5 mag. Proper motions have typical accuracies of 10 mas yr$^{-1}$ and 30 mas yr$^{-1}$ for stars with these brightnesses, an order of magnitude better than from AllWISE. The catalog is available in the WISE/NEOWISE Enhanced and Contributed Products area of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.Comment: 53 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables. Accepted by ApJ

The CatWISE2020 Catalog

The CatWISE2020 Catalog consists of 1,890,715,640 sources over the entire sky selected from WISE and NEOWISE survey data at 3.4 and 4.6 $\mu$m (W1 and W2) collected from 2010 Jan. 7 to 2018 Dec. 13. This dataset adds two years to that used for the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog (Eisenhardt et al., 2020), bringing the total to six times as many exposures spanning over sixteen times as large a time baseline as the AllWISE catalog. The other major change from the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog is that the detection list for the CatWISE2020 Catalog was generated using ${\it crowdsource}$ (Schlafly et al. 2019), while the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog used the detection software used for AllWISE. These two factors result in roughly twice as many sources in the CatWISE2020 Catalog. The scatter with respect to ${\it Spitzer}$ photometry at faint magnitudes in the COSMOS field, which is out of the Galactic plane and at low ecliptic latitude (corresponding to lower WISE coverage depth) is similar to that for the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog. The 90% completeness depth for the CatWISE2020 Catalog is at W1=17.7 mag and W2=17.5 mag, 1.7 mag deeper than in the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog. From comparison to ${\it Gaia}$, CatWISE2020 motions are accurate at the 20 mas yr$^{-1}$ level for W1$\sim$15 mag sources, and at the $\sim100$ mas yr$^{-1}$ level for W1$\sim$17 mag sources. This level of precision represents a 12$\times$ improvement over AllWISE. The CatWISE catalogs are available in the WISE/NEOWISE Enhanced and Contributed Products area of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.Comment: 27 pages, 24 figure, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1908.0890

The Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS) -- Results from a Six Year Campaign to Image Accreting Protoplanets

Accreting protoplanets represent a window into planet formation processes. We report H{\alpha} differential imaging results from the deepest and most comprehensive accreting protoplanet survey to date, acquired with the Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) system's VisAO camera. The fourteen transitional disks targeted are ideal candidates for protoplanet discovery due to their wide, heavily depleted central cavities, wealth of non-axisymmetric circumstellar disk features evocative of ongoing planet formation, and ongoing stellar accretion. To address the twin challenges of morphological complexity in the target systems and PSF instability, we develop novel approaches for frame selection and optimization of the Karhounen-Loeve Image Processing algorithm pyKLIP. We detect one new candidate protoplanet, CS Cha "c", at a separation of 75mas and a {\Delta}mag of 5.1 and robustly recover the HD142527 B and HD100453 B low mass stellar companions across multiple epochs. Though we cannot rule out a substantial scattered light contribution to its emission, we also recover LkCa 15 b. Its presence inside of the cleared disk cavity and consistency with a forward-modeled point source suggest that it remains a viable protoplanet candidate. The protoplanet PDS 70 c was marginally recovered under our conservative general methodology. However, through targeted optimization in H{\alpha} imagery, we tentatively recover PDS 70 c in three epochs and PDS 70 b in one epoch. Of the many other previously-reported companions and companion candidates around objects in the sample, we do not recover any additional robust candidates. However, lack of recovery at moderate H{\alpha} contrast does not rule out the presence of protoplanets at these locations, and we report limiting H{\alpha} contrasts in such cases.Comment: Accepted for publication in A

Resolving Intravoxel White Matter Structures in the Human Brain Using Regularized Regression and Clustering

The human brain is a complex system of neural tissue that varies significantly between individuals. Although the technology that delineates these neural pathways does not currently exist, medical imaging modalities, such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), can be leveraged for mathematical identification. The purpose of this work is to develop a novel method employing machine learning techniques to determine intravoxel nerve number and direction from dMRI data. The method was tested on multiple synthetic datasets and showed promising estimation accuracy and robustness for multi-nerve systems under a variety of conditions, including highly noisy data and imprecision in parameter assumptions

Extreme Ultraviolet Reflective Grating Characterization and Simulationsfor the Aspera SmallSat Mission

The Aspera SmallSat mission is designed to detect and map the warm-hot gaseous component of the halos of nearby galaxies through long-slit spectroscopy of the ionized O VI emission line (103.2 nm) for the first time. The Aspera Rowland circle type spectrograph uses a toroidal grating coated with a multilayer film consisting of aluminum, lithium fluoride, and magnesium fluoride capping to optimize reflectivity in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waveband from 103 to 104nm. We discuss the grating characterization test setup at the University of Arizona (UA), which will validate the multilayer coating and grating efficiency in a UV vacuum chamber. We also simulate the reflectivity of the multilayer thin film coating using IMD IDL software to compare simulated results with measured reflectivity. Additionally, non-sequential ray trace simulations and 3D CAD modeling are used for verification of the test setup. Finally, the implications of the differences between the measured and simulated reflectivity and grating efficiencies are considered, including impact to the mission

Current ecotoxicity testing needs among selected U.S. federal agencies

U.S. regulatory and research agencies use ecotoxicity test data to assess the hazards associated with substances that may be released into the environment, including but not limited to industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food additives, and color additives. These data are used to conduct hazard assessments and evaluate potential risks to aquatic life (e.g., invertebrates, fish), birds, wildlife species, or the environment. To identify opportunities for regulatory uses of non-animal replacements for ecotoxicity tests, the needs and uses for data from tests utilizing animals must first be clarified. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to identify the ecotoxicity test data relied upon by U.S. federal agencies. The standards, test guidelines, guidance documents, and/or endpoints that are used to address each of the agencies’ regulatory and research needs regarding ecotoxicity testing are described in the context of their application to decision-making. Testing and information use, needs, and/or requirements relevant to the regulatory or programmatic mandates of the agencies taking part in the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods Ecotoxicology Workgroup are captured. This information will be useful for coordinating efforts to develop and implement alternative test methods to reduce, refine, or replace animal use in chemical safety evaluations

SCIPP: An Expanded Community of Practice - Community Publishing

SCIPP redefines and expands the existing notions about what makes for a vibrant and robust community of practice by partnering CSUSB students and professors with K-12 students, parents, and educators, along with committed community partners. SCIPP encourages curiosity in ways that leads to critical thinking, exploration, risk taking , confidence building, open-mindedness, and other personal traits that equip them with the softskills to be active, critical, and creative contributors to our communities. SCIPP pedagogy embraces our students\u27 collective wisdom and focuses on relational building where multi-directional communication is promoted and students are viewed as equal stakeholders in their own educations. SCIPP puts collaboration into action which in turn fosters community-based lifelong learning. SCIPP provides the open intellectual space for future university students (our K-12 students) to engage with existing university students in meaningful ways so as to sustain interconnected partnerships facilitating community engagement. It supports parents as experts in the education of their children and acknowledges parents as the first conduits to spark their children’s imagination while they actively participate in education enriching activities and programs. Everyone involved is committed to creating a secure and open atmosphere for dreaming, sharing, and learning. Together we explore the aspects of community publishing through collaborative learning in formal and informal settings relating to digital and printed medias

CWISEP J193518.59–154620.3: An Extremely Cold Brown Dwarf in the Solar Neighborhood Discovered with CatWISE

We present the discovery of an extremely cold, nearby brown dwarf in the solar neighborhood, found in the CatWISE catalog. Photometric follow-up with Spitzer reveals that the object, CWISEP J193518.59–154620.3, has ch1–ch2 = 3.24 ± 0.31 mag, making it one of the reddest brown dwarfs known. Using the Spitzer photometry and the polynomial relations from Kirkpatrick et al. we estimate an effective temperature in the ~270–360 K range, and a distance estimate in the 5.6–10.9 pc range. We combined the WISE, NEOWISE, and Spitzer data to measure a proper motion of μ_α cos δ = 337±69 mas yr^(−1), μ_δ = −50 ± 97 mas yr^(−1), which implies a relatively low tangential velocity in the range 7–22 km s^(−1)

Targeted isolation of diverse human protective broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-like viruses

The emergence of current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) and potential future spillovers of SARS-like coronaviruses into humans pose a major threat to human health and the global economy. Development of broadly effective coronavirus vaccines that can mitigate these threats is needed. Here, we utilized a targeted donor selection strategy to isolate a large panel of human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to sarbecoviruses. Many of these bnAbs are remarkably effective in neutralizing a diversity of sarbecoviruses and against most SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, including the Omicron variant. Neutralization breadth is achieved by bnAb binding to epitopes on a relatively conserved face of the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Consistent with targeting of conserved sites, select RBD bnAbs exhibited protective efficacy against diverse SARS-like coronaviruses in a prophylaxis challenge model in vivo. These bnAbs provide new opportunities and choices for next-generation antibody prophylactic and therapeutic applications and provide a molecular basis for effective design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines