Quantitative determination of chemical and biochemical parameters during « soumbala » manufacturing process in two communities of Burkina Faso

« Soumbala » is traditionally used in Burkina Faso as a food condiment in different communities. This study was conducted to evaluate « soumbala » manufacturing process on its nutritional value in two communities. During this descriptive and analytical study, samples were taken in the « Gouin » and « Moose » communities. The results show that, the humidity rate was higher in « soumbala » and waste in the « Gouin » processus, whereas in the « Moose » one, the highest humidity rate was observed after the cooking step and in peeled boiled seeds. The ash level was higher in raw seeds and after cooking step in the « Gouin » community whereas in the « Moose » community, it was higher in raw seeds and waste. The pH determination showed a progressive increase in pH values during the « soumbala » manufacturing process in the two communities. Mineral elements assays showed a slight variation in grades along the « soumbala » manufacturing process. For biochemical analysis, lipids content increased during the « soumbala » production; protein levels increased a little at the early stages of « soumbala » manufacturing process in both communities and carbohydrates contents were higher in waste in the « Moose » community, whereas in the « Gouin » community, the highest contents were found in the raw seeds. The aflatoxins determination in « soumbala » showed levels below the detection limit of the used method. These results showed that it was imperative that approved standard protocols be adopted to maintain the nutritional quality of « soumbala » wherever it is produced

Survey of urinary crystals identified in residents of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Implications for the diagnosis and management of renal dysfunctions

The first step of renal lithiasis process is crystals formation. Because of this link, a prospective study on the profile of urinary crystals was conducted in Ouagadougou with the aim of describing profiles of these crystals in the context of a Sahelian tropical country. This study showed strong prevalence (78.69%) crystals within the population from 15 to 59 years old. Male subjects were the most concerned with 55.93 % prevalence. Among the crystals, we distinguished those who were without compulsory pathological interest with strong prevalence of the crystals of calcium oxalate (56.11%) and uric acid (20.55%). Crystals with immediate pathological interest were bilirubin (0.66%), the cystine (0.36%), leucine (0.06%) and tyrosine (0.06%). Prevalence of crystals derived from drugs were sulfamides (0.18%) and mycostatine (0.06%). Besides, 20.8% of the patients having urinary crystals had urinary tract infection. Bacteriological analysis of urines showed a presence of producing urease bacteria: Klebsiella (12.96%), Proteus (3.0%), Enterobacter (1.66%) and, Pseudomonas (1.66%). In conclusion, this work showed the interest to pay more attention on urinary crystals. Indeed this study brought to light crystals with compulsory pathological interest, in particular crystals of bilirubin, cystine, leucine, tyrosine, evidence of abnormalities of protein metabolism

Evolution des paramètres biochimiques et hématologiques chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA sous traitement antirétroviral au Centre Médical du Camp General Aboubacar Sangoule Lamizana

Introduction: l'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer l'impact du traitement sur les paramètres biochimiques et hématologiques des patients VIH positifs suivis au Centre Médical du Camp Général Aboubacar Sangoulé Lamizana (CMCGASL) au Burkina Faso. Méthodes: il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective réalisée sur la période de Janvier 2010 à septembre 2015. Seuls les patients VIH positifs sous TARV ayant réalisé un bilan biologique à l'une des périodes suivantes : à l'initiation du traitement(M0), au sixième mois(M6) et au douzième mois(M12), ont été pris en compte. Résultats: le sex-ratio des patients était de 0,88 et la tranche d'âge des 45-55 ans était la plus importante. Les trithérapies incluant 2INTI + 1INNTI (74,5%), 2INTI+1 IP (14,9%) étaient les plus prescrites. La charge virale était peu demandée. Le taux des patients réguliers aux bilans biologiques avait connu une régression statistiquement significative entre M0 (70%), et M6 (13%) (p<0,05). Une augmentation significative de la valeur moyenne des lymphocytes TCD4 allant de 79,22 à M0 à 227,95 cellules/mm3 à M12 (p<0,05) était noté chez les patients sévèrement immunodéprimés. Ascension significative du taux d'hémoglobine moyen passant de 10,5 g/dl à M0 à 12,53 g/dl à M12 (p<0,05) chez les patients qui étaient anémiés. L'analyse des paramètres biochimiques n'a pu être réalisée à cause d'une insuffisance de données. Conclusion: l'ascension du taux de lymphocytes TCD4 et du taux d'hémoglobine oriente sur l'efficacité du TARV et la tolérance au traitement. Il importe de rendre accessible la charge virale et d'améliorer le suivi biologique

Quality and in vitro bioequivalence evaluation of different brands of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (500 + 62.5) mg tablets distributed in Burkina Faso

In a previous study, we reported the evaluation of the physicochemical quality and in vitro bioequivalence of different brands of amoxicillin capsules 500 mg marketed in Burkina Faso. As our goal was to document the quality and biopharmaceutical performance of essential antibiotics marketed in resource-limited countries, we investigated here, the interchangeability with the originator of five brands of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (500mg+62.5mg) tablets distributed in Burkina Faso. The physicochemical quality of the different brands was first verified according to the USP monograph. The comparative evaluation of the in vitro dissolution profiles was performed in three different pH environments (1.2 - 4.5 - 6.8) using statistical calculations of the difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors. All brands of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (500mg+62.5mg) tablets, including the originator, met USP specifications for weight uniformity, identification, content and dissolution of active ingredients. However, the similarity and difference factor values showed that two generic brands (B and E) did not have similar amoxicillin dissolution profiles to the comparator product in pH 4.5 media (f1 = 23,54 and 17.02; f2=35.96 and 46.90, respectively). Therefore, these two products cannot be used interchangeably with the originator. The other three generic brands were similar to the originator and can therefore probably be used interchangeably

C14- Evaluation de la qualité des disques d’Amoxicilline et d’Amoxicilline + Acide clavulanique utilisés au Burkina Faso

Introduction : Les disques d’antibiotiques utilisés dans les laboratoires d’analyses médicales proviennent de plusieurs fabricants et fournisseurs et doivent répondre à des exigences strictes de qualité. Cette étude a été entreprise pour évaluer la qualité des disques d’Amoxicilline et d’Amoxicilline + acide clavulanique utilisés au Burkina Faso. Matériel et méthodes : Une enquête sur l’utilisation des disques d’antibiotiques a été réalisée dans 20 laboratoires sites sentinelles de surveillance de la RAM. Des échantillons de disques d’Amoxicilline et d’Amoxicilline + acide clavulanique de quatre fabricants ont été collectés auprès de certains de ces laboratoires et de fournisseurs de disques d’antibiotiques. La qualité des disques d’Amoxicilline et des disques d’Amoxicilline + acide clavulanique a été évaluée en testant leur efficacité sur des souches d’Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 et Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 et en dosant les antibiotiques par chromatographie liquide à haute performance. Résultats : Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 et Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 étaient résistantes à 30,0 % pour les disques d’Amoxicilline + acide clavulanique et 55,6 % pour les disques d’Amoxicilline testés. Par ailleurs, les essais de dosage de l’amoxicilline ont révélé que 22,2% et 45,5% respectivement des disques d’Amoxicilline et des disques d’Amoxicilline + acide clavulanique contrôlés étaient conformes aux spécifications de l’OMS. Aucun échantillon ne contenait une teneur en Acide clavulanique conforme à la spécification. Conclusion : Cette étude révèle que la majorité des disques d’Amoxicilline et d’Amoxicilline + acide clavulanique contrôlés n’était pas conformes aux spécifications de qualité. Son extension à un nombre plus important d’antibiotiques permettra de mieux documenter la qualité des disques d’antibiotiques

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination of Flamed and Braised Chickens and Health Risk Assessment in Burkina Faso

PRD QualiSani (ARES-CCD

Evaluation of the physicochemical quality and antimicrobial performance of amoxicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid discs used in Burkina Faso

Antibiotic discs used in medical analysis laboratories are sourced from multiple manufacturers and suppliers and must meet stringent quality requirements. This study aimed to assess the quality and performance of amoxicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid discs used in Burkina Faso. An evaluation of the use of antibiotic discs was initially conducted in the 20 sentinel laboratories for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Burkina Faso. Then, various brands of amoxicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid discs samples were collected from medical laboratories and local distributors. Quality control tests (identification and assay) were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography according to the validated method adapted from the USP monograph. The performance of the discs was assessed by testing their efficacy against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strains. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were resistant to 30% of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid discs and to 55.6% of amoxicillin discs collected. In addition, only 22.2% and 45.5% of amoxicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid discs tested met the specifications for amoxicillin contents. No brand of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid discs collected met the specifications for clavulanic acid content. Extending this study to a larger number of antibiotics would enable better documentation of the antibiotic disc quality.

Lipoprotein (a) profile in HIV-1 infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is recognized as an independent factor of arteriosclerosis. The aim of this study was to appreciate the profile of Lipoprotein (a) recognized as an independent factor of arteriosclerosis in the monitoring of HIV-infected patients receiving Nevirapine (NVP) regimens, an antiretroviral known to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. The study population (136 subjects) comprise of 106 HIV-infected subjects, and 30 HIV-negative individuals. The 106 HIV-infected subjects were divided into groups as follows. HAART-untreated (27), HIV-infected subjects that did not receive antiretroviral treatment; HAART-6M (36), HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral treatment for six months; and HAART-12M (43), HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral treatment for twelve months. All recruited patients had normal blood lipids values (Total cholesterol 0.9 mmol/L). The Lp(a) levels were significantly higher in the HIV-infected group compared to the control (p = 0.0036). Within the HIV-infected subjects, Lp(a) level was found to be higher in HAART-treated group compared to HAART naive group (p=0.004). Infected subjects on the antiretroviral treatment for12 months had higher Lp(a) levels than those treated for 6 months (p=0.034). This study shows that adequate management of metabolic abnormalities of HAART-treated HIV-infected patients must include periodic measurement of Lp(a) levels

Reference Ranges of Cholesterol Sub-Fractions in Random Healthy Adults in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

<div><p>In Burkina Faso, the values that serve as clinical chemistry reference ranges are those provided by European manufacturers’ insert sheets based on reference of the Western population. However, studies conducted so far in some African countries reported significant differences in normal laboratory ranges compared with those of the industrialized world. The aim of this study was to determine reference values of cholesterol fractions in apparently normal adults in Burkina Faso that could be used to better assess the risks related to cardiovascular diseases. Study population was 279 healthy subjects aged from 15 to 50 years including 139 men and 140 women recruited at the Regional Center of Blood Transfusion of Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso (West Africa). Exclusion criteria based on history and clinical examination were used for defining reference individuals. The dual-step precipitation of HDL cholesterol sub-fractions using dextran sulfate was performed according to the procedure described by Hirano. The medians were calculated and reference values were determined at 2.5^th and 97.5^th percentiles. The median and upper ranges for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol were observed to be higher in women in comparison to men (p <0.05). These reference ranges were similar to those derived from other African countries but lower than those recorded in France and in USA. This underscores the need for such comprehensible establishment of reference values for limited resources countries. Our study provides the first cholesterol sub-fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) reference ranges for interpretation of laboratory results for cardiovascular risk management in Burkina Faso.</p></div

Concentrations and Health Risk Assessment of Metallic Trace Elements in Ready-to-Eat Braised and Flamed Chickens in Burkina Faso

QUALISANI (PRD ARES-CCD