17 research outputs found

    Tailoring bilberry powder functionality through processing: effects of drying and fractionation on the stability of total polyphenols and anthocyanins.

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    Bilberries are a rich natural source of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. The press cake obtained during the processing of bilberry juice is a potential source of phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate different drying techniques and the fractionation of bilberry press cake powder toward obtaining phenolic-rich ingredients for incorporation into value-added food products. The derived powders were dispersed in water and dairy cream, to investigate the effects of drying and fractionation on the dispersibility and solubility of phenolic compounds. The drying techniques, hot air drying and microwave drying, applied on bilberry press cake reduced the content of total phenolics and anthocyanins. The degradation was, however, consistently small and similar for both techniques. The major anthocyanins detected in the samples were stable during drying and fractionation treatments. Fractionation of the press cake powder affected the total apparent phenolic content and composition of the different fractions. The highest phenolic content (55.33 ± 0.06 mg g−1 DW) and highest anthocyanin content (28.15 ± 0.47 mg g−1 DW) were found in the fractions with the smallest particle size (<500 ÎŒm), with delphinidin-3-O-galactoside being the most abundant anthocyanin. Dispersibility of all dried powder samples was higher in dairy cream than water, and the highest level of anthocyanins was measured in samples from the powder with the smallest particle size (<500 ÎŒm), dispersed in cream. The application of drying, milling and fractionation was found to be a promising approach to transform bilberry press cake into stable and deliverable ingredients that can be used for fortification of food products with high levels of phenolic compounds

    Food Tailoring bilberry powder functionality by processing: effects of preprocessing.

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    Berry powders are popular as ingredients in a range of food products, where they naturally provide flavor, color, texture, polyphenols, fiber, and other nutrients. The choices regarding processing techniques and conditions influence the quality attrib- utes of berry powders. The aim of this study was to study the effects on bilberry powder functionalities of applying different preprocessing techniques (purée mixing and juice pressing vs. untreated whole berries) prior to hot air drying and milling. Drying of press cake reduced the drying time by 72% and increased the total appar- ent phenolic content of the final powder by 44%, as compared to the powder of dried whole berries. The press cake powder showed an easier flowing behavior than the powders from whole berries and puréed berries. Dispersibility (in water and dairy cream) was 60% higher for powders from whole berries and puréed berries, as com- pared to press cake. The total phenolic content of the dispersed powders was highest for whole berries and puréed berries. Bilberry powder functionality can be modu- lated through the selection of an appropriate preprocessing technique before drying and milling. This tailors the powder properties into food ingredients ready for differ- ent applications, without the need for additives

    EïŹ€ect of drying and extrusion processing on physical and nutritional characteristics of bilberry press cake extrudates

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    Mild drying and extrusion processing of side streams from berry juice production can enable retention of valuable compounds in the food chain and reduce waste production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of using hot air (HA) and microwave assisted hot air (MWHA) drying combined with extrusion for conversion of bilberry press cake into value-added extruded food products. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) press cake was dried at 40 °C by HA and MWHA drying to a moisture content of 17% (w/w). A twin screw extruder (average feed rate 72 g/min, temperature profile 135-128-89-69 °C) was used to extrude products containing organic wholegrain rye flour and 10 % or 25 % dried bilberry press cake powder. A consumer panel (n = 15) evalutaed four extrudates on hedonic and Just-about-rigth (JAR) scales, with a mian focus on textrue properties. The results indicate that different drying tecniques implied a difference in processing time (40 % reduction with MWHA drying). However, the retention of total phenolics, physical characteristics and sensory attributes of extruded snacks containing bilberry powders were independent of drying techniques. In sum, powder of bilberry press cake can be incorporated in cereal extruded snacks with enhanced phenolic content and potential for palatable sensory properties

    Evaluation of immunoglobulin purification methods and their impact on quality and yield of antigen-specific antibodies

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antibodies are the main effectors against malaria blood-stage parasites. Evaluation of functional activities in immune sera from Phase 2a/b vaccine trials may provide invaluable information in the search for immune correlates of protection. However, the presence of anti-malarial-drugs, improper collection/storage conditions or concomitant immune responses against other pathogens can contribute to non-specific anti-parasite activities when the sera/plasma are tested <it>in vitro</it>. Purification of immunoglobulin is a standard approach for reducing such non-specific background activities, but the purification method itself can alter the quality and yield of recovered Ag-specific antibodies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To address this concern, various immunoglobulin (Ig) purification methods (protein G Sepharose, protein A/G Sepharose, polyethylene glycol and caprylic acid-ammonium sulphate precipitation) were evaluated for their impact on the quality, quantity and functional activity of purified rabbit and human Igs. The recovered Igs were analysed for yield and purity by SDS-PAGE, for quality by Ag-specific ELISAs (determining changes in titer, avidity and isotype distribution) and for functional activity by <it>in vitro </it>parasite growth inhibition assay (GIA).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This comparison demonstrated that overall polyethylene glycol purification of human serum/plasma samples and protein G Sepharose purification of rabbit sera are optimal for recovering functional Ag-specific antibodies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Consequently, critical consideration of the purification method is required to avoid selecting non-representative populations of recovered Ig, which could influence interpretations of vaccine efficacy, or affect the search for immune correlates of protection.</p

    Traditional taxi companies and innovative substitutes : An analysis of the technological development influence on the taxi market

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    Bakgrund: Taximarknaden har varit, och Ă€r, under förĂ€ndring. Till följd av den teknologiska utvecklingen har nya aktörer och substitut etablerat sig pĂ„ marknaden. Uber, Bzzt och Lime Ă€r endast tre av de företag som vuxit fram under de senare Ă„ren. De nya företagen bidrar inte endast med nya, innovativa substitut till traditionell taxi, utan Ă€ven ökad konkurrens vad gĂ€ller tillgĂ€nglighet via digitala plattformar. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen Ă€r att analysera den teknologiska utvecklingens betydelse för taximarknadens struktur och funktion, med fokus pĂ„ Stockholm. Metod: Uppsatsens referensram Ă€r Structure-Conduct-Performance modellen. För djupare analys och förstĂ„else har intervjuer med: Bzzt, Svenska Taxiförbundet och Taxi Stockholm, genomförts. Uppsatsen innefattar Ă€ven tvĂ„ egna undersökningar om taxiföretagens prisnivĂ„ och tillgĂ€nglighet. De taxiföretagen som inkluderas i uppsatsen Ă€r: Sverigetaxi, TaxiKurir, Taxi Stockholm, TOPCAB samt Uber. Slutsats: Den teknologiska utvecklingen har en stor betydelse för taximarknadens struktur och funktion, i det avseende att den bidrar till en mer kundcentrerad och effektivare marknad. Marknadsstrukturen i Stockholm liknar en hybridmarknad mellan oligopol och fullstĂ€ndig konkurrens, beroende pĂ„ de storleksmĂ€ssiga skillnader som finns mellan aktörerna. Marknaden har en jĂ€mn prisnivĂ„ och bra tillgĂ€nglighet, varav det sistnĂ€mnda har förbĂ€ttrats till följd av utvecklandet av taxiföretagens egna applikationer.Background: The taxi market has been, and is, undergoing a transformation. As a result of the technological development, new companies and substitutes have been established on the market. Uber, Bzzt and Lime are only three of all the new companies that have emerged in the recent years, and not only contribute with new, innovative substitutes for traditional taxi, but also increased competition in terms of accessibility through digital platforms. Purpose: The purpose of the essay is to analyze the influence of the technological development on the taxi market’s structure and function, with focus on Stockholm. Completion: The main framework of the essay is the Structure-Conduct-Performance model. For a more profound analysis three interviews were conducted with: Bzzt, Svenska Taxiförbundet and Taxi Stockholm. The essay also includes a study of the price level and a study of the accessibility to a taxi. The included companies are: Sverigetaxi, TaxiKurir, Taxi Stockholm, TOPCAB and Uber. Conclusions: The technological development have a large impact on the structure and function of the taxi market, since it contributes to a more customer-centered and efficient market. The market structure in Stockholm is similar to a hybrid market of an oligopoly and perfect competition, depending on the difference in size of the existing companies. The market has a uniform price level and a good accessibility, of which the latest has improved as a result of the development of the taxi companies own applications

    More vegetables on the plate : A questionnaire study about the choice of vegetarian foods.

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    SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund Vegetarisk kost kan förebygga mĂ„nga vĂ€lfĂ€rdssjukdomar och det finns mĂ„nga olika anledningar till att vĂ€lja vegetarisk kost. Det Ă€r intressant att undersöka vilka skĂ€l som Ă€r viktiga för den svenska befolkningen. Syfte Att undersöka konsumenternas val kring vegetabiliska livsmedel, om andelen vegetabiliska livsmedel i kosten förĂ€ndrats de senaste tvĂ„ Ă„ren. Vilka de olika anledningarna var betrĂ€ffande val av vegetabiliska livsmedel samt vilka livsmedel som vĂ€ljs av konsumenten nĂ€r de Ă€ter vegetariskt. Metod En webbaserad enkĂ€t med 13 frĂ„gor spreds via www.facebook.se. Inklusionskriterium för deltagande var att respondenten fyllt 16 Ă„r. Materialet analyserades genom icke-parametriska test dĂ€r Mann-Whitney U test och Kruskal-Wallis test anvĂ€ndes. SignifikansnivĂ„n sattes till p-vĂ€rdet &lt; 0,05. Resultat Totalt deltog 122 personer. Största andelen representerades av kvinnor (n=95), högutbildade (n=101) och de med en blandkosthĂ„llning (n=82). MedianĂ„ldern var 24 Ă„r (25:e-75:e percentilen: 23–28 Ă„r). Majoriteten (80 %) av deltagarna hade blivit mer positiva till vegetariska livsmedel. Största delen av deltagarna (67 %) uppgav ökad konsumtion av vegetabilier och 53 % uppgav att mĂ€ngden per portion ökat. Anledningar som uppgavs pĂ„verka deltagarna att vĂ€lja vegetariska alternativ var miljö, hĂ€lsa, etik och produktutbudet. Grönsaker, rotfrukter, frukt och bĂ€r var vegetabiliska livsmedel som deltagarna uppgav inta mest frekvent. Slutsats Studien visar att det finns stora möjligheter till att pĂ„verka hur den studerade gruppen vĂ€ljer. Den positiva instĂ€llningen till vegetariskt och förĂ€ndrad konsumtion tyder pĂ„ en början av mer medvetenhet gĂ€llande mat, hĂ€lsa och miljö. Det finns grupper inom den studerade gruppen som inte aktivt vĂ€ljer vegetabiliskt, men som pĂ„verkas av omgivningen. HĂ€r finns det möjligheter att göra valet enklare och dĂ€rmed fortsĂ€tta utvecklingen mot mer hĂ„llbara matvanor. Fler studier pĂ„ en mer representativ grupp krĂ€vs för sĂ€krare slutsatser

    Traditional taxi companies and innovative substitutes : An analysis of the technological development influence on the taxi market

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    Bakgrund: Taximarknaden har varit, och Ă€r, under förĂ€ndring. Till följd av den teknologiska utvecklingen har nya aktörer och substitut etablerat sig pĂ„ marknaden. Uber, Bzzt och Lime Ă€r endast tre av de företag som vuxit fram under de senare Ă„ren. De nya företagen bidrar inte endast med nya, innovativa substitut till traditionell taxi, utan Ă€ven ökad konkurrens vad gĂ€ller tillgĂ€nglighet via digitala plattformar. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen Ă€r att analysera den teknologiska utvecklingens betydelse för taximarknadens struktur och funktion, med fokus pĂ„ Stockholm. Metod: Uppsatsens referensram Ă€r Structure-Conduct-Performance modellen. För djupare analys och förstĂ„else har intervjuer med: Bzzt, Svenska Taxiförbundet och Taxi Stockholm, genomförts. Uppsatsen innefattar Ă€ven tvĂ„ egna undersökningar om taxiföretagens prisnivĂ„ och tillgĂ€nglighet. De taxiföretagen som inkluderas i uppsatsen Ă€r: Sverigetaxi, TaxiKurir, Taxi Stockholm, TOPCAB samt Uber. Slutsats: Den teknologiska utvecklingen har en stor betydelse för taximarknadens struktur och funktion, i det avseende att den bidrar till en mer kundcentrerad och effektivare marknad. Marknadsstrukturen i Stockholm liknar en hybridmarknad mellan oligopol och fullstĂ€ndig konkurrens, beroende pĂ„ de storleksmĂ€ssiga skillnader som finns mellan aktörerna. Marknaden har en jĂ€mn prisnivĂ„ och bra tillgĂ€nglighet, varav det sistnĂ€mnda har förbĂ€ttrats till följd av utvecklandet av taxiföretagens egna applikationer.Background: The taxi market has been, and is, undergoing a transformation. As a result of the technological development, new companies and substitutes have been established on the market. Uber, Bzzt and Lime are only three of all the new companies that have emerged in the recent years, and not only contribute with new, innovative substitutes for traditional taxi, but also increased competition in terms of accessibility through digital platforms. Purpose: The purpose of the essay is to analyze the influence of the technological development on the taxi market’s structure and function, with focus on Stockholm. Completion: The main framework of the essay is the Structure-Conduct-Performance model. For a more profound analysis three interviews were conducted with: Bzzt, Svenska Taxiförbundet and Taxi Stockholm. The essay also includes a study of the price level and a study of the accessibility to a taxi. The included companies are: Sverigetaxi, TaxiKurir, Taxi Stockholm, TOPCAB and Uber. Conclusions: The technological development have a large impact on the structure and function of the taxi market, since it contributes to a more customer-centered and efficient market. The market structure in Stockholm is similar to a hybrid market of an oligopoly and perfect competition, depending on the difference in size of the existing companies. The market has a uniform price level and a good accessibility, of which the latest has improved as a result of the development of the taxi companies own applications

    Köpcentrumturism : En studie om hur ett köpcentrum kan uppfattas som en turistdestination

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    Syfte: Uppsatsen har som mÄl att inventera de faktorerna som anses vara vÀsentliga för att ett köpcentrum ska kunna uppfattas som en turistdestination. Studien har fokus ur ett kundperspektiv. Syftet Àr att göra en inventering av olika faktorer frÄn teori och empiri för att sedan se vilka faktorer som Àr vÀsentliga för att ett köpcentrum ska kunna uppfattas som en turistdestination. Att göra pÄ det sÀttet fÄr vi ut om ett köpcentrum har de faktorer som behövs för att kunna anta begreppet turistdestination. ForskningsfrÄga: Vilka faktorer Àr vÀsentliga för att ett köpcentrum ska kunna uppfattas som en turistdestination? Metod: Vi har anvÀnt oss av en deduktiv metod, vilket gjorde att vi utgick frÄn olika teoretiska begrepp som vi sedan jÀmförde med enkÀter och observationer frÄn empirin. Kvantitativ metod blev det dÄ vi anvÀnda oss utav enkÀter samt observationer. Observationer, enkÀter samt olika teorier stÀlls mot varandra och diskuteras i texten för att sedan analyseras för att ge en slutsats. Resultat: Resultatet av vÄr undersökning gav ett nytt begrepp köpcentrumsturism. DÄ sex olika faktorer om turistdestinationer och köpcentrum frÄn teorin jÀmförts med empiri frÄn enkÀter och observationer inom samma Àmne kunde resultatet formas. Ett köpcentrum har de faktorer sÄ som anlÀggning, service, attraktion, upplevelse, tillgÀnglighet samt turism som en turistdestination behöver. DÀr av kan ocksÄ ett köpcentrum uppfattas som en turistdestination

    "VÀxer du inte sÄ dör du" : AffÀrsmodeller och tillvÀxt i revisionsbyrÄer

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    Growth is a way for companies to survive in the market by either increasing or maintaining their market share. It is important that companies develop their services and find new ways to create value for customers to enable continuous growth in competitive markets. For a long period of time the audit industry has been able to relax, knowing that the customers will come at a steady pace. Today, the market has changed because of the abolition of the audit requirement. This study intends to answer whether business models can be used to understand why the growth differs between various audit firms. The purpose of this study is to use the resource-based theory to increase the understanding of competitive business models in auditing firms. To answer the research question and meet the objectives of the study, eleven interviews have been conducted with managers of accounting firms across Sweden. The interviews were supplemented with textual analysis of websites and annual reports to get a more crystallized image of the business model. Comparisons of the business models in accounting firms with various growth rate could be held out by the resource-based theory, allowing analysis of the business models’ competitiveness. The results show that despite the institutionalization in the accounting profession reasons for the various growth between different accounting firms can be found in the business model’s customer relationships, core competences and value configuration (key activities).Validerat; 20150607 (global_studentproject_submitter
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