Longer Term Effects of Head Start

Little is known about the long-term effects of participation in Head Start. This paper draws on unique non-experimental data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to provide new evidence on the effects of participation in Head Start on schooling attainment, earnings, and criminal behavior. Among whites, participation in Head Start is associated with a significantly increased probability of completing high school and attending college, and we find some evidence of elevated earnings in one's early twenties. African Americans who participated in Head Start are significantly less likely to have been charged or convicted of a crime. The evidence also suggests that there are positive spillovers from older children who attended Head Start to their younger siblings.

Análisis de índices urbanísticos para el estudio del clima urbano árido (Gran San Juan)

El trabajo expone resultados parciales de una Beca de Postgrado de CONICET y se inserta epistemológicamente en las disciplinas Climatología Urbana y Planificación Urbana Bioclimática. El objetivo general del proyecto trianual es establecer la correlación existente entre la volumetría edilicia y las variables climáticas de temperatura y humedad relativa en todo el ejido urbano del Gran San Juan (GSJ). Se presenta una base de datos urbanísticos obtenida para el año 2008, procesada mediante el empleo de herramientas SIG y CAD, la cual permite conocer el estado de situación urbano-espacial del ejido de la ciudad, como soporte espacial para el estudio del clima urbano del GSJ. Estos resultados posibilitarán establecer el estudio de las modificaciones, que la urbanización produce en el clima natural, debido al impacto permanente de la volumetría edilicia y su distribución en el espacio urbano.This paper exposes partial results of a three-year research scholarship project (CONICET: 2007-2010), which is inserted in the disciplines of urban climate and bioclimatic urban planning. Its main objective is to determine the correlations between the Volumetric Density (VD) and the climatic variables of temperature and relative humidity, in the whole San Juan Metropolitan Area. An urban database for the year 2008, executed with CAD and SIG software, is presented in order to know the current urban-spatial situation of the city, and at the same time, as a spatial support to future studies of urban climate in the San Juan city. The preliminary results will allow to analyze the impact of the building density and its occupation on the performance of the natural climate.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Análisis de índices urbanísticos para el estudio del clima urbano árido (Gran San Juan)

El trabajo expone resultados parciales de una Beca de Postgrado de CONICET y se inserta epistemológicamente en las disciplinas Climatología Urbana y Planificación Urbana Bioclimática. El objetivo general del proyecto trianual es establecer la correlación existente entre la volumetría edilicia y las variables climáticas de temperatura y humedad relativa en todo el ejido urbano del Gran San Juan (GSJ). Se presenta una base de datos urbanísticos obtenida para el año 2008, procesada mediante el empleo de herramientas SIG y CAD, la cual permite conocer el estado de situación urbano-espacial del ejido de la ciudad, como soporte espacial para el estudio del clima urbano del GSJ. Estos resultados posibilitarán establecer el estudio de las modificaciones, que la urbanización produce en el clima natural, debido al impacto permanente de la volumetría edilicia y su distribución en el espacio urbano.This paper exposes partial results of a three-year research scholarship project (CONICET: 2007-2010), which is inserted in the disciplines of urban climate and bioclimatic urban planning. Its main objective is to determine the correlations between the Volumetric Density (VD) and the climatic variables of temperature and relative humidity, in the whole San Juan Metropolitan Area. An urban database for the year 2008, executed with CAD and SIG software, is presented in order to know the current urban-spatial situation of the city, and at the same time, as a spatial support to future studies of urban climate in the San Juan city. The preliminary results will allow to analyze the impact of the building density and its occupation on the performance of the natural climate.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Adenosine A1 receptors and mitochondria: targets of remote ischemic preconditioning

Adenosine is involved in classic preconditioning in most species and acts especially through adenosine A1 and A3 receptors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) activates adenosine A1 receptors and improves mitochondrial function, thereby reducing myocardial infarct size. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion [ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)]. In a second group, before isolation of the heart, a rIPC protocol (3 cycles of hindlimb I/R) was performed. Infarct size was measured with tetrazolium staining, and Akt/endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) expression/phosphorylation and mitochondrial function were evaluated after ischemia at 10 and 60 min of reperfusion. As expected, rIPC significantly decreased infarct size. This beneficial effect was abolished only when 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (adenosine A1 receptor blocker) and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (NO synthesis inhibitor) were administered during the reperfusion phase. At the early reperfusion phase, rIPC induced significant Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, which was abolished by the perfusion with an adenosine A1 receptor blocker. I/R led to impaired mitochondrial function, which was attenuated by rIPC and mediated by adenosine A1 receptors. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rIPC limits myocardial infarct by activation of adenosine A1 receptors at early reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. Interestingly, rIPC appears to reduce myocardial infarct size by the Akt/eNOS pathway and improves mitochondrial function during myocardial reperfusion.Fil: Paez, Diamela Tatiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Garces, Mariana Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; ArgentinaFil: Calabró López, María Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Bin, Eliana Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: D'Anunzio, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: del Mauro, Julieta Sofía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Marchini, Timoteo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Höcht, Christian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Evelson, Pablo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Donato, Pablo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentin

Long Term Effects of Head Start

Little is known about the long-term effects of participation in Head Start. This paper draws on unique non-experimental data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to provide new evidence on the effects of participation in Head Start on schooling attainment, earnings, and criminal behavior. Among whites, participation in Head Start is associated with a significantly increased probability of completing high school and attending college, and we find some evidence of elevated earnings in one’s early twenties. African Americans who participated in Head Start are significantly less likely to have been charged or convicted of a crime. The evidence also suggests that there are positive spillovers from older children who attended Head Start to their younger siblings

Longer-Term Effects of Head Start

Specially collected data on adults in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to provide evidence on the longer-term effects of Head Start, an early intervention program for poor preschool-age children. Whites who attended Head Start are, relative to their siblings who did not, significantly more likely to complete high school, attend college, and possibly have higher earnings in their early twenties. African-Americans who participated in Head Start are less likely to have been booked or charged with a crime. There is some evidence of positive spillovers from older Head Start children to their younger siblings. (JEL J24, I38)