MOTOR DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND THE MOTOR SKILLS IN AGE 3

The aim of this study is to assess the motor development of children with autism and their problems with motor skills in the light of literature. Fine motor skills and gross motor skills that children around the age of three can do were presented with tables in the light of literature review. Those concerned may compare their children’s skills with these skills and they may have knowledge about their children’s motor skills by observing.When the literature is reviewed, the problems with the motor development of children with autism come up with various motor problems. In addition, frequency of problems with motor skills increases the importance of motor development and problems in the diagnosis of autism. Consequently, it is observed that the researches about autism and motor development haven’t made clear the questions and problems in this field yet. While the presence of researches oriented to specific age range (e.g. 2-6) is limited, scarcely any research has been done that is oriented any specific age (e.g. 3). Increasing the number of researches which identify the motor skills of a specific age and which are oriented to locating the place of children with autism within this age is necessary to describe the problems of this field clearly. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, motor development, age 3, skil

COMPARISON OF TRAIT ANXIETY LEVELS OF PARENTS

The objective of this study is to analyze the trait anxiety levels of parents. Trait anxiety levels of families who had mentally disabled children were compared with trait anxiety levels of families who had children with normal development participating/not participating in physical activity and exercise.A total of 147 volunteer parents, 34 mothers and 39 fathers who had children without disability participating in physical activity and exercise, 13 mothers and 25 fathers who had children without disability not participating in physical activity and exercise and 31 mothers and 5 fathers who had mentally disabled children not participating in physical activity and exercise in the cities of Samsun and Sakarya participated in the study. A demographic information form and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with 20 items developed by Spielberger were applied to the participants. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 package program. No significant difference was found between the anxiety levels of parents with mentally disabled children and parents who had children without disability not participating in physical activity and exercise. However, the anxiety levels of parents who had children without disability not participating in physical activity and exercise were found to be significantly lower than those of the other two groups (p=0,01).It was concluded that physical activity and exercise decreases children’s’ anxiety and thus indirectly affects parents’ anxiety and decreases the level of anxiety. In addition, we believe that parents accompanying their children to physical activity and exercise will have a positive influence on anxiety levels. Keywords: trait anxiety, disabled, exercise, physical activity, paren

The Investigion Of The Relatonship Between Some Physicial Features With Q Angle In Athletes And Sedanteries Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, spor yapan ve spor yapmayan bireylerin Q açısını belirlemek; cinsiyet, bazı fiziksel parametreler ve spor yapma düzeyleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yaşar Doğu Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde eğitim gören ve aktif spor yapan 158 öğrenci ve Giresun Üniversitesinin farklı bölümlerinde eğitim gören 144 sedanter öğrenci çalışmaya katılmıştır. Spor yapan öğrenciler amatör ve profesyonel olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların geçmişte herhangi bir diz sakatlığı geçirmemiş olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Katılımcıların Q açısı, Pelvis Genişliği, Femoral Skinfold ve Femur Uzunluk değerleri ölçülmüştür. Bu değerlerin kadınlar ve erkekler arasında farklılık gösterip göstermediği, yine bu değerlerin amatör sporcu, profesyonel sporcu ve sedanterler arasında farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Cinsiyet, boy, vücut ağırlığı, spor yapıp yapmama ile Q açısı, Pelvis Genişliği, Femoral Skinfold ve Femur Uzunluk değerleri arasında ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Q açısı, pelvis genişliği, femoral skinfold ve femur uzunluklarının kadınlar ve erkekler arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur (p0,01). Kadınların Q açısı değerlerinin erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p0,01). Sedanterlerin Q açısı değerlerinin hem kadınlarda (p0,05) hem de erkeklerde (p0,01) sporculardan yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyet ile Q açısının, orta derecede anlamlı ilişkiye r0,519 (p0,01) sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yine cinsiyet ile femoral skinfold arasında da (r0,591) orta derecede bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p0,01). Spor yapma durumu ile Q açısı arasında zayıf (r-0,179) bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p0,01). Sonuç olarak, çalışmada artan spor ve egzersiz yapma durumuna bağlı olarak Q açısının azaldığı görülmüştür. Patellofemoral ağrı sendromu ve patellar dislokasyon gibi çeşitli diz problemleri ile doğrudan ilişkilendirilen yüksek dereceli Q açısının düzenli egzersiz ve spor yaparak nispeten azaltılabileceği düşünülmektedir.The aim of this study is to determine the Q angle of the individuals who play sports and those who do not and to examine the relationship with gender, some physical parameters and playing sport levels. 158 students from 19 Mayıs University Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences and 144 sedentary students studying at different departments in Giresun University participated in this study. The students who play sports were divided into two groups as amateurs and professionals. The participants who had knee injuries in the past were included in the study. The Q angle, Pelvic Width, Femoral Skinfold and Femur Length of the participants were measured. Whether these values differed from men to women, and whether they differed among amateur athletes, professional athletes and sedentary students was investigated by the study. Whether there was a relation between gender, height, body weight, and playing or not playing sports and the Q angle, Pelvic Width, Femoral Skinfold and Femur Length values was also studied. It was found that the Q angle, Pelvic Width, Femoral Skinfold and Femur Length were statistically different between women and men (p <0.01). The Q values of women were found to be higher than those of men (p<0.01). The Q angle values (p<0.05) of both men and women sedentary students were higher than those of the athletes (p<0.01). It was found that gender and the Q angle had a moderately significant (r0.519) relationship (p<0.01). It was also found that gender and "femoral skinfold" had a moderate (r0.591) relationship (p<0.01). A weak relationship (r-0.179) was found between the Q angle and playing sports (p<0.01). As a result, it was found that the Q angle decreased in relation with the growing amount of sports and exercise. It is considered that various knee problems such as patellofemoral pain syndrome and patellar dislocation and a directly related high level Q angle can be relatively decreased by doing exercises and playing sports regularly. Keywords: Gender, Q angle, spor

The effect of acute exercises on blood hematological parameters in handball players

This study was conducted in order to determine the influence of five-day handball competitions on hematological levels of male handball players. 12 elite male handball players with an average age of 22.16 +/- 1.85 years participated in this study on voluntary basis. Physical measurements including body height, body weight, body-mass index and body fat percentages and hematological levels of the handball players were analyzed before (BC) and after the competitions (AC). In order to determine hematological levels, blood samples with 5 ml EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) were taken from the forearm ante-cubital area in line with hygiene rules before and after competitions, and erythrocyte, leucocytes and blood platelet parameters were analyzed in laboratory with using auto-analyzers. Measurement results were presented as average and standard deviation. Student T-test for dependant samples was used in order to make a comparison between BC and AC values. SPSS 13.0 Package software was used for data evaluation. P<0.05 value was considered to be significant. As a result of the study, the decrease in BC and AC values for body weight, body-mass index, body fat percentages, MCV, MCH, CH and LY and the increase in RBC and NE values were found significant. Conclusively, erythrocyte, leucocytes and blood platelet levels display different behaviors vis-a-vis acute competition-like exercises