Performance evaluation of petrochemical firms accepted in Tehran stock exchange using DEA (window analysis)

In the past two decades, organizational performance management has become one of the most attractive topics of study. Each organization is needed to evaluate its system to determine the appropriateness and quality of your work in dynamic environments. Data envelopment analysis provides a theoretical framework for performance analysis and performance measurement. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique, whose main purpose is to compare and evaluate a number of similar decision making units which have different amounts of used inputs and produced outputs. Dynamic method of data envelopment analysis (window analysis), is a method that enables the calculation of performance over time and can result in improved outcomes.We use the model described in this paper, the performance of listed companies in the petrochemical industry review. The evaluation results are indicated with different companies. The results showed that the six companies are 80% more efficient

Performance evaluation of petrochemical firms accepted in Tehran stock exchange using DEA (window analysis)

In the past two decades, organizational performance management has become one of the most attractive topics of study. Each organization is needed to evaluate its system to determine the appropriateness and quality of your work in dynamic environments. Data envelopment analysis provides a theoretical framework for performance analysis and performance measurement. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique, whose main purpose is to compare and evaluate a number of similar decision making units which have different amounts of used inputs and produced outputs. Dynamic method of data envelopment analysis (window analysis), is a method that enables the calculation of performance over time and can result in improved outcomes.We use the model described in this paper, the performance of listed companies in the petrochemical industry review. The evaluation results are indicated with different companies. The results showed that the six companies are 80% more efficient

Performance evaluation of petrochemical firms accepted in Tehran stock exchange using DEA (window analysis)

In the past two decades, organizational performance management has become one of the most attractive topics of study. Each organization is needed to evaluate its system to determine the appropriateness and quality of your work in dynamic environments. Data envelopment analysis provides a theoretical framework for performance analysis and performance measurement. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique, whose main purpose is to compare and evaluate a number of similar decision making units which have different amounts of used inputs and produced outputs. Dynamic method of data envelopment analysis (window analysis), is a method that enables the calculation of performance over time and can result in improved outcomes.We use the model described in this paper, the performance of listed companies in the petrochemical industry review. The evaluation results are indicated with different companies. The results showed that the six companies are 80% more efficient

Cytotoxicity Comparison of a Calcium Silicate-Based Resin Cement versus Conventional Self-Adhesive Resin Cement and a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer: Cell Viability Analysis

Objective: To compare the cytotoxicity level of a new calcium silicate-based resin cement (TheraCem) with two commonly used cements, including a conventional self-adhesive resin cement (Panavia SA) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (FujiCem2), on the human gingival fibroblast cells after 24 and 48 hours. Material and Methods: Twelve discs of each cement type were fabricated. The extract of cement disks was made by incubating them in the cell medium. Human gingival fibroblast cells were cultured and exposed to cement extracts for 24 h and 48 h. MTT assay was performed on extracts and optical density and cell viability rates were calculated by the spectrophotometer device at 570 nm. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The cell viability rates after 24 hours and 48 hours were as follows: TheraCem: 89.24% and 85.46%, Panavia SA: 49.51% and 46.57% and FujiCem2: 50.63% and 47.36%. TheraCem represented the highest cell viability rate. However, no significant difference was noted between Panavia SA and FujiCem2. Time had no significant effect on cell viability. Conclusion: TheraCem exhibited the best results among three tested cements and was considered non-toxic. Panavia SA and FujiCem2 were not significantly different regarding the cell viability rate. Time had no significant effect on the cytotoxicity level of cements

Synthesis, Characterization and in Vitro Antibacterial Activities of CdO Nanoparticle and Nano-sheet Mixed-ligand of Cadmium(ІІ) Complex

Here, we report the synthesis of a Schiff-base mixed-ligand complex of cadmium(ІІ) in bulk and nano-scales via the precipitation and sonochemical methods, respectively. The complex formula is [Cd(3-bpdh)(3-bpdb)Cl2]n (1), where the ligands are 3-bpdh = 2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene and 3-bpdb = 1,4-bis(3-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene. The structure of mixed-ligand complex (1) was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and elemental analyses. Cadmium(ІІ) oxide nanoparticles were prepared by direct thermolysis from nanosheet of complex (1). The cadmium(ІІ) oxide structure was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray  analyses (EDAX). Size, morphology and structural dispersion of all obtained nanostructures were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Schiff-base ligands, bulk and nano-scales of complex (1) and cadmium(ІІ) oxide nanoparticles were analyzed for antibacterial activities against Bacillus alvei (bacteria causing the honey bee European foulbrood disease). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) has been shown moderate antibacterial activities compared with some other standard drugs. Known antibiotics like penicillin and SXT (Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) were used as positive control

Guanidinium (aqua-2κO)(4-hydr­oxy-6-carboxy­pyridine-2-carboxyl­ato-2κ3 O 2,N,O 6)(μ-4-hydroxy­pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ato-1:2κ4 O 2,N,O 6:O 2)(4-hydroxy­pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ato-1κ3 O 2,N,O 6)dizincate(II) dihydrate

The title compound, (CH6N3)[Zn2(C7H3NO5)2(C7H4NO5)(H2O)]·2H2O, has an anionic binuclear complex of ZnII balanced with a guanidinium cation. There are two uncoord­inated water mol­ecules in the structure. The asymmetric unit of the compound has two different coordination types (the coordination of Zn1 is distorted trigonal-bipyramidal, while that of Zn2 is distorted octahedral) of ZnII in the crystal structure that are bridged to each other via one hypydc2− group (hypydcH2 is 4-hydroxy­pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid). A variety of inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving water mol­ecules, cations and anions, and also a weak π–π inter­action [3.798 (1) Å], are responsible for extending the structure into a three-dimensional network

Vickers micro-hardness study of the effect of fluoride mouthwash on two types of CAD/CAM ceramic materials erosion

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of fluoride mouthwash on the surface micro-hardness of two types of CAD/CAM ceramics after exposure to acidic solutions. Methods 40 samples (5 × 5 × 3 mm3) were prepared from two different ceramics: Vitabloc Mark II CAD, and IPS e.max CAD. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups in each ceramic (n = 8) immersed in different solutions: Gs: saliva: GGA: gastric acid, GAA: acetic acid, GFGA: sodium fluoride + gastric acid, GFAA: sodium fluoride + acetic acid. The microhardness of samples was measured before and after immersion in different solutions by Vickers microhardness tester. By subtracting the microhardness values after and before immersion, the microhardness changes of the samples were obtained. Data were analyzed by Two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results Immersion in different solutions reduced the microhardness. Microhardness loss was significantly affected in G FAA and G FGA groups in both types of ceramics (P < 0.05). For Vitabloc Mark II groups, the microhardness loss was significantly higher in GFAA and GFGA compared to IPS e.max CAD P < 0.001). Conclusion Fluoride mouthwash in conjunction with acidic solutions may adversely affect microhardness of Vitabloc Mark II CAD, and IPS e.max CAD that may consequently compromise the clinical service. Vitabloc Mark II CAD was significantly more affected than IPS e.max CAD

Socioeconomic Inequality in Health Care Utilization: A Study of Service Utilization in Yazd, Iran

Background: Determining the inequality in health and the gap level among various socio-economic groups and factors affecting it were always concerns of most politicians and social scientists. This study investigated inequality in utilization of health care among Yazd residents in 2014. Methods: This analytic and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. The participants were all households of Yazd. The data were collected through a three-part questionnaire including demographic factors, socio-economic factors, and utilization of health services. The number of samples was estimated to be 1037 households selected by random stratified sampling. After administrating the questionnaire in the form of interview, data were entered into the SPSS software.&nbsp; Later, factor analysis method was carried out and participants were categorized based on their social and economical status. Afterwards, using the logistic regression method, the correlation among variables was calculated and finally, for measuring the concentration index, the stratified data were fed into Stata11 software version 12/SE and analyzed. Results: According to the findings, there was no meaningful inequality in the distribution of contagious and non-contagious decreases in the population under study. Inequality in utilization of services for inpatient and outpatients during the past 6 months in the five socio-economic groups was significant (P-value = 0.000). This shows that accumulation of visits occurred in richer groups of society. Also, it can be claimed that self-treatment has greater accumulation in the poorer quintiles (CI = -0.09). Conclusion: Inequality in benefitting from health services reflects the economical situation of households. As a result, it is expected that by taking steps to improve the living conditions, the equity in service utilization will be increased. &nbsp