MONITORING OF ILLEGAL DUMPS IN DUBNA CITY, MOSCOW REGION

Purpose. This research is focused on identification of illegal dumps in the territory of Dubna, their geometrical sizes, composition, sources of education; assessment of ecological danger of dumps and analysis of dynamics of a situation over the last ten years: 2004-2014.Design/methodology/approach. Researches were carried out by means of field, calculation, statistical and cartographical methods. Findings. Hundred illegal dumps are founded in the territory of Dubna in 2014, over the last 10 years the amount of dumps has reduced much in a residential zone of Dubna, the situation has improved not so significant in recreational zones. Eighty percent of dumps are characterized as dangerous since they are located in relief depressions, in residential and “green” zones of the city, near reservoirs; they contain dangerous components in their own composition. Plastic, glass and wood waste have the greatest volumes in damps. Vacationers in “green” zones of the city and inhabitants of the private sectors are the main pollutants. The lack of containers for collecting waste in places of a recreation and around some garden associations is revealed. All obtained data are presented in the complex GIS-project that gives ample opportunities of processing and the analysis of data.Practical implications. All obtained and processed data are communicated to the company responsible for the waste management in the city of Dubna (JSC “RFK Ekosistem”), the part of dumps is liquidated, container network and routes of export of waste are perfected

Rectum separation in patients with cervical cancer for treatment planning in primary chemo-radiation

PURPOSE: To proof feasibility of hydrogel application in patients with advanced cervical cancer undergoing chemo-radiation in order to reduce rectal toxicity from external beam radiation as well as brachytherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Under transrectal sonographic guidance five patients with proven cervical cancer underwent hydro gel (20 cc) instillation into the tip of rectovaginal septum adherent to posterior part of the visible cervical tumor. Five days after this procedure all patients underwent T2 weighted transversal and sagittal MRI for brachytherapy planning. MRI protocol included T2 weighted fast spin echo (FSE) imaging in sagittal, coronal and para-axial orientation using an 1.5 Tesla MRI. Separation of anterior rectal wall and cervix was documented. RESULTS: Hydrogel application was uneventful in all patients and no toxicity was reported. Separation ranged from 7 to 26 mm in width (median 10 mm). The length of the separation varied between 18 and 38 mm (median 32 mm). In all patients displacement was seen in the posterior vaginal fornix, and/or at the deepest part of uterine cervix depending on the extension of the cul-de-sac in correlation to the posterior wall of the uterus. In patients with bulky tumor and/or deep (vaginal) extend of peritoneal cavity tumour was seen mainly cranial from the rectovaginal space and therefore above the hydrogeI application. Only in the extra-peritoneal (lower) part of the cervix a good separation could be achieved between the rectum and cervix. CONCLUSION: Hydrgel instillation in patients with cervial cancer undergoing chemoradiation is safe and feasible. Because of the loose tissue of the cul-de-sac and its intra- and extraperitoneal part, hydrogel instillation of 20 cc did not result in a sufficient separation of the cervix from anterior wall

NATURE OF LEGAL BEHAVIOR: THE CONCEPTS OF DEFINITION AND THEIR EVOLUTION

Purpose: The purpose of the study is determining nature of legal behavior: the concepts of definition and their evolution Methodology: This is intellectual research and we used here historical methods for analyzing. Result: The genesis of the concept of legal behavior implies a link between research and the praxeological dimension of the legal system in which the legal personality is a central element. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of nature of legal behavior: the concepts of definition and their evolution are presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Remyślić rozwój rolnictwa w krajach subregionu wielkiego Mekongu

The agriculture remains a strategic sector of the economy, despite the widespread decline in its share in GDP production and employment. Its development is observed as a key factor in maintaining food security, as well as reducing poverty. The GMS’s agriculture is characterized by lagging growth rates in comparison with other sectors of the national economy. However, the GMS’s agriculture has shown positive changes. First of all, countries in the region are following a path of intensification, so the yield has increased steadily, although its strong dependence on variable weather conditions is major risk. Much of the agricultural land in the GMS is prone to floods, droughts or both. At the same time, despite the growth in labor productivity, its increase was not significant. The structure of agricultural production has begun to change. Traditionally monoculture production, specializing in rice cultivation, is gradually diversifying into secondary cash crop production, which is helping to increase cash production and agricultural exports. Agriculture in the GMS has been shifting from traditional subsistence to modern commercial farming. Peasant farms are increasingly oriented to the regional and world markets. They begin to produce products with comparative advantages, participating in the regional division of labor. The construction of vertically integrated enterprises and value chains within the framework of the GMS is also taking place. The positive effect of integration processes is the convergence of prices on the regional agricultural market and direct impact on global consumers. This article examines the features and achievements of agriculture, as well as highlights the challenges and problems.Rolnictwo pozostaje strategicznym sektorem gospodarki, pomimo powszechnego spadku jego udziału w produkcji PKB i zatrudnieniu. Jej rozwój postrzegany jest jako kluczowy czynnik utrzymania bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, a także ograniczania ubóstwa. Rolnictwo GRM charakteryzuje się słabą dynamiką wzrostu w porównaniu z innymi działami gospodarki narodowej. Jednak rolnictwo GMS wykazało pozytywne zmiany. Przede wszystkim kraje regionu podążają ścieżką intensyfikacji, więc plony systematycznie rosną, choć dużym ryzykiem jest jego silna zależność od zmiennych warunków pogodowych. Znaczna część gruntów rolnych w GMS jest narażona na powodzie, susze lub jedno i drugie. Jednocześnie, mimo wzrostu wydajności pracy, jej wzrost nie był znaczący. Zaczęła się zmieniać struktura produkcji rolnej. Tradycyjnie produkcja monokulturowa, specjalizująca się w uprawach ryżu, stopniowo się różnicuje, a produkcja wtórnych upraw dochodowych rozwija się, co powoduje wzrost produkcji pieniężnej i eksportu rolnego. Rolnictwo w GMS przechodzi od tradycyjnego rolnictwa na własne potrzeby do nowoczesnego rolnictwa komercyjnego. Gospodarstwa chłopskie w coraz większym stopniu zorientowane są na rynki regionalne i światowe. Zaczynają wytwarzać produkty o przewadze komparatywnej, uczestnicząc w regionalnym podziale pracy. Następuje również budowa zintegrowanych pionowo przedsiębiorstw i łańcuchów wartości w ramach SBM. Pozytywnym efektem procesów integracyjnych jest konwergencja cen na regionalnym rynku rolnym i bezpośredni wpływ na światowych konsumentów

THE FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION OF PROTEIN Nus G FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI WITH THE COMPONENTS OF THE TRANSCRIPTION COMPLEX

For the first time it has been shown, that Nus G takes part in the process of the transcription elongation, Nus G stimulates the transcription elongation by maens of supression of the transcription pauses. For the first time, the mutants Nus G, destructing its function in Nun-termination complex, have been selected. The system lambda N-anti-termination E.coli serves as the model for studying the mechanism of the transcription regulation in the infection cycle of the HIV virus developmentAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

equipment and early toxicity

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Implementierung einer neuen radioonkologischen Technologie, der helikalen Tomotherapie, in die klinische Routine zur Therapie von Patientinnen mit Zervixkarzinomen. Ausgangspunkt und Motivation der Arbeit sind die enttäuschenden Daten zur lokalen Kontrollrate verbunden mit gravierender Toxizität der Behandlung von Patientinnen mit lokal fortgeschrittenen Zervixkarzinomen. Mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der lokalen Kontrolle unter Absenkung der Toxizität, wurde die Tomotherapie mit ihren Möglichkeiten der konformalen Dosisabdeckung im Zielvolumen und maximaler Schonung des umliegenden Normalgewebes in die tägliche Routine einer Universitätsklinik implementiert. Alle Patientinnen wurden nach laparokopischem Staging stadiengerecht therapiert. Zusätzliche Anstrengungen wurden während der Laparoskopie unternommen, um das Boost-Zielvolumen anatomisch korrekt mit Hilfe von Titanclips zu definieren. Damit sollten zum einen unnötig große Zielvolumina und die Unterdosierung im Hochrisikovolumen vermieden werden. Zum anderen erlaubte das innovative Dosiskonzept des simultan integrierten Boosts, die Bestrahlungsdosis im Hochriskogebiet parametran um 20% zu erhöhen, ohne die Therapiedauer zu verlängern. Die Dokumentation der systematisch erhobenen Akutnebenwirkungen im Zusammenhang mit den Dosis-Volumen-Parametern zeigte, dass dieser Ansatz durchführbar ist und die Akutnebenwirkungen im Vergleich zur Literatur der 2D- und 3D-Ära deutlich reduziert werden konnten, aber im Vergleich zu den limitierten Daten der IMRT-Ära nicht erhöht sind - trotz der Intensivierung der Therapie durch Dosiseskalation und Akzelerierung. Dies lässt auch Rückschlüsse auf ein günstiges Spätnebenwirkungsprofil zu. Ob dieses hier vorgestellte Konzept auch die onkologischen Ergebnisse zu verbessern vermag, muss sorgfältig nach entsprechenden Nachbeobachtungszeiten und Rezidivanalysen überprüft werden. Dazu bedarf es längerer Nachbeobachtungszeiten und stellt die eigentlich interessante Fragestellung dar, nachdem vorliegende Arbeit die Durchführbarkeit und das sehr günstige Toxizitätsprofil belegen konnte. Nicht vergessen werden sollte, dass die meisten Patientinnen mit Zervixkarzinomen in ihren Heimatländern kaum Zugang zu Therapien wie der Bestrahlung und der Chemotherapie haben, so dass neben der Optimierung der Behandlungstechniken in den hochentwickelten Ländern an der Verbesserung des Zugangs der Frauen mit Zervixkarzinomen zu Therapieeinrichtungen und an der breiten Aufklärung und Anwendung der HPV-Impfung in den Ländern mit den höchsten Inzidenzen des Zervixkarzinoms gearbeitet werden muss.Introduction: To demonstrate feasibility and safety of simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique for dose escalation in combination with helical tomotherapy (HT) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Patients and Methods: Forty patients (FIGO IB1 – IVa) underwent primary chemo-radiation with HT. Prior to therapy, 29/40 patients underwend laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. In 21%, 31% and 3% of the patients, pelvic, pelvic and para-aortic and scip metastases in the para-aortic region could be confirmed. All patients underwent radiation using a SIB with 1.8-50.4 Gy to the tumor region and the pelvic (para-aortic) lymph-node region (PTV-A), and 2.12-59.36 Gy to the boost region (PTV-B). The boost region was defined using titan clips during laparoscopic staging. In all other patients, standardized borders for the PTV-B were defined. HDR-brachytherapy was performed in 39/40 patients. The mean BED2gy was 85.65 Gy. Chemotherapy consisted of weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2. Dose volume histograms as well as akute gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU) and haematologic toxicity were evaluated (CTCAE v 3.0). Results: The mean treatment time was 45 days. The mean doses to the small bowel, rectum and bladder were 28.5 ± 6.1 Gy, 47 ± 3.8 Gy and 48 ± 3 Gy, respectively. Haematologic toxicity grad 3 occurent in 20%; GI toxicity Grad 2 in 2/40 (5%) and Grad 3 in 1 patient (2.5%). There was no grade 3 GU toxicity. All patients underwent curettage three month after chemo-radiation, which confirmed complete localpathological response in 38/40 patients. Conclusion: The concept of SIB for escalation in patients wich locally advanced cervical cancer is feasible with a low rate of acute GI and GU toxicity. Whether dose escalation can translate into improved outcome will be assessed after a longer follow-up. Key Words: Chemoradiation, Helical Tomotherapy, Cervical Cancer, Toxicity, Simultaneous Boost

Мониторинг несанкционированных свалок на территории г. Дубна Московской области

Purpose. This research is focused on identification of illegal dumps in the territory of Dubna, their geometrical sizes, composition, sources of education; assessment of ecological danger of dumps and analysis of dynamics of a situation over the last ten years: 2004–2014.Design/methodology/approach. Researches were carried out by means of field, calculation, statistical and cartographical methods.Findings. Hundred illegal dumps are founded in the territory of Dubna in 2014, over the last 10 years the amount of dumps has reduced much in a residential zone of Dubna, the situation has improved not so significant in recreational zones. Eighty percent of dumps are characterized as dangerous since they are located in relief depressions, in residential and “green” zones of the city, near reservoirs; they contain dangerous components in their own composition. Plastic, glass and wood waste have the greatest volumes in damps. Vacationers in “green” zones of the city and inhabitants of the private sectors are the main pollutants. The lack of containers for collecting waste in places of a recreation and around some garden associations is revealed. All obtained data are presented in the complex GIS-project that gives ample opportunities of processing and the analysis of data.Practical implications. All obtained and processed data are communicated to the company responsible for the waste management in the city of Dubna (JSC “RFK ‘Ekosistem”), the part of dumps is liquidated, container network and routes of export of waste are perfected.Цель. Данное исследование ориентировано на выявление несанкционированных свалок на территории г. Дубна, их геометрических размеров, состава, источников образования; оценку экологической опасности свалок и анализ динамики ситуации за последние десять лет: 2004–2014 гг.Методы проведения работы. Исследования выполнялись с помощью полевых, расчетных, статистических и картографических методов.Результаты. В 2014 году на территории г. Дубны выявлено 100 несанкционированных свалок, за последние 10 лет количество свалок в селитебной зоне г. Дубна сократилось на порядок, в рекреационных зонах ситуация улучшилась не столь значительно. 80% свалок характеризуются, как опасные, поскольку расположены в понижениях рельефа, в жилых и «зеленых» зонах города, вблизи водоемов, содержат в своем составе опасные компоненты. Наибольшие объемы отходов приходятся на пластик, стекло и древесные отходы. Основными загрязнителями являются отдыхающие в «зеленых» зонах города и жители частных секторов. Выявлен недостаток контейнеров для сбора отходов в местах рекреации и в районе некоторых садовых товариществ. Все полученные данные представлены в комплексном ГИС-проекте, который предоставляет широкие возможности обработки и анализа данных.Практическая значимость. Все полученные и обработанные данные доводятся до сведения компании, ответственной за обращение с отходами в г. Дубна (ОАО «РФК «Экосистема»), часть свалок ликвидируется, оптимизируется контейнерная сеть и маршруты вывоза отходов

Reorganization through Consolidation and Merger of Joint Stock Companies in Russia and Business Corporations in the USA: Comparative Legal Analysis

The article presents a comparative analysis of the reorganization of joint stock companies in the Russian Federation and business corporations in the USA (state of Delaware) through consolidation and merger: it describes legal regime of the reorganization and outlines stages related to the reorganizational procedures under the Russian and USA law