Assessment of Cyfluthrin commercial formulation on growth, photosynthesis and catalase activity of green algae

Aquatic environments of the pampasic region of Argentina are severely affected by agricultural contamination due to an increase in a glyphosate tolerant transgenic variety of soybean crops. The present study is aimed to determine the effects of a commonly used Cyfluthrin commercial formulation (CCF) on growth, some physiological and biochemical parameter of four species of green algae. Significant inhibition of algal growth was observed from 0.1 mg Cyf/l. 96 h IC50 were between 0.92 and 4.85 mg Cyf/l. CCF caused algicidal effects. Photosynthesis was stimulated by 50% in Scenedesmus quadricauda cultures exposed to the lowest concentration (hormesis). Algal photosynthesis inhibition was observed at higher concentrations with IC50 values between 1.7 and 8.9 mg Cyf/l. Similar toxicity endpoints were found as a consequence of applying the traditional methodology of short-term chronic toxicity test of 96 h of exposition and the methodology developed using the Clark type photosynthetic oxygen evolution method. CAT activity was significantly increased between 23% and 33% considering the four species, at a lower concentration than those affecting algal growth and photosynthesis, indicating a potential biomarker. Taking into account that the extent of the soybean crops in the region is about fourteen million hectares, the improvement and extension of environmental tools for early detection of the action of pesticides on this essential group of organisms are discussed.Fil: Sáenz, María Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Di Marzio, Walter Dario. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alberdi, José Luis. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentin

Cyto and genotoxicity of positive and negative coated Silica nano particles on Celomocytes of earthworms Eisenia fetida (Oligocheta, Annelida)

To understand and assess the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment, should be well established quantitatively the concentration-response relationships. Also relate the potential effects on selected variables of response with the exposure to sub-lethal levels of NPs. In this work, we describe the ecotoxicological evaluation of negative and positive coated silica NPs (Si-Nps) on coelomic cells from Eisenia fetida. The cytotoxicity of earthworm coelomocytes, expressed as LC50-1hour, was equal to 73.94 and 116.93 μg/mL for positive and negative Si-NPs, respectively. Genotoxicity were determined on the basis that the Si-NPs promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) once added on cell membranes, or entered in cells. In this case both types of NPs were genotoxics even at the lowest tested concentration equal to 1 μg/mL.Fil: Di Marzio, Walter Dario. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Curieses, Silvana Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alberdi, José Luis. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; ArgentinaFil: Sáenz, María Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; Argentin

Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathological Significance and Molecular Pathways

Astrocytes perform a wide variety of essential functions defining normal operation of the nervous system and are active contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s among others. Recent data provide compelling evidence that distinct astrocyte states are associated with specific stages of Alzheimer´s disease. The advent of transcriptomics technologies enables rapid progress in the characterisation of such pathological astrocyte states. In this review, we provide an overview of the origin, main functions, molecular and morphological features of astrocytes in physiological as well as pathological conditions related to Alzheimer´s disease. We will also explore the main roles of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer´s disease and summarize main transcriptional changes and altered molecular pathways observed in astrocytes during the course of the disease.This work was supported by the FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación—Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant RTI2018-101850-A-I00 to A.M.A. (Spain), and a start-up grant from the IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation of Science to A.M.A

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Hardness of Ni-Based Alloy 718 in a Variable Thickness Geometry Deposited by Powder Fed Directed Energy Deposition

Feature addition to existing parts is a trending application for Directed Energy Deposition (DED) and can be used to add complex geometry features to basic forged geometries with the aim to reduce and simplify the number of processing steps as machining and assembling. However, the mechanical properties of as-deposited Inconel 718 fabricated by Powder-fed Directed Energy Deposition (Powder-fed DED) are far lower than the relevant specifications, making it necessary to apply different heat treatment with the purpose of improving deposited material performance. In addition, the effects of heat treatments in both variable thickness deposited geometry and forge substrate have not been studied. In this study, the effect of heat treatment within the Aerospace Materials Specifications (AMS) for cast and wrought Inconel 718 on the microstructure and hardness of both the Ni-Based Alloy 718 deposited geometry and substrate are analyzed in different parts of the geometry. The microstructure of all samples (as-deposited and heat-treated) is analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), confirming the formation of aluminum oxides and titanium nitrides and carbonitrides in the deposited structure.This research was funded by the vice-counsel of technology, innovation and competitiveness of the Basque Government (Eusko Jaurlaritza) under the ELKARTEK Program, QUALYFAM and EDISON projects, grant number KK-2020/00042 and KK-2022/00070, respectively

Lesson from the habitat suitability models to evaluate the environmental of Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus sylvesris L. in the Iberian Peninsula

PREDICT POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION. Spatial and temporal evolution of the species under different climate scenarios. Generation of habitat suitability models (HSM) high degree of uncertainty and limitations. The importance of their validation has been stressed. In this work we discuss the present potential distribution of P. sylvestris and P. nigra in the Iberian Peninsula by using MaxEnt, and evaluate the influence of the different environmental variables. Our intention is to select a set of environmental variables that explains better their current distribution, to achieve the most accurate and reliable models. Then we project them to the past climatic conditions (21 to 0 kyrs BP), to evaluate the outputs with existing palaeo-ecological data

Translation and museum accessibility for deaf people: comprehension and memory in the use of sign guides

Los museos, en su afán por educar y difundir el conocimiento, han apostado en las últimas décadas por ofrecer espacios y contenidos completamente accesibles para todos. En el caso de las personas sordas o con discapacidad auditiva, las signoguías1 son una herramienta esencial para permitirles ser parte de este evento comunicativo multimodal que es el museo. Las modalidades de Traducción e Interpretación accesible son una pieza fundamental en este puzle. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar el grado comprensión que alcanzan los usuarios sordos signantes con estos dispositivos multimedia. Mediante un estudio de caso, de corte experimental, se ha observado que logran un grado suficiente de comprensión del contenido traducido, aunque los resultados son inferiores con tecnicismos, antropónimos o topónimos. Los subtítulos, valorados positivamente por los usuarios, parecen no tener un papel trascendental. Esperamos que este estudio ayude a mejorar la futura experiencia museística de las personas sordas signantes.In the last decades, in their pursuit to educate and disseminate knowledge, museums are committed to offer spaces and contents fully accessible for all. In the case of deaf people or hearing impaired, sign guides are an essential tool to let these visitors be part of this multimodal communicative event that the museum is. Accessible translation and interpretation modes are an essential piece in this puzzle. Nevertheless, it is necessary to evaluate the degree of understanding that deaf sign language users achieve when using these multimedia devices. In this experimental case study, it has been observed that the translated content of these sign guides achieves a sufficient level of understanding, although results are lower when it comes to technical terms, names of people or names of places. Subtitles, positively evaluated by users, seem not to play a meaningful role. We hope this research helps to improve the future experience of deaf sign language users at museums

Contribution of Neurons and Glial Cells to Complement-Mediated Synapse Removal during Development, Aging and in Alzheimer’s Disease

Synapse loss is an early manifestation of pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is currently the best correlate to cognitive decline. Microglial cells are involved in synapse pruning during development via the complement pathway. Moreover, recent evidence points towards a key role played by glial cells in synapse loss during AD. However, further contribution of glial cells and the role of neurons to synapse pathology in AD remain not well understood. This review is aimed at comprehensively reporting the source and/or cellular localization in the CNS-in microglia, astrocytes, or neurons-of the triggering components (C1q, C3) of the classical complement pathway involved in synapse pruning in development, adulthood, and AD.The authors thank Dr. Baleriola at Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience (Bilbao, Spain) and Dr. Sole-Domenech and Dr. Pipalia at Weill Cornell Medical College (Cornell University, New York, USA) for the helpful and critical revision of the manuscript. This study was supported by CIBERNED and by grants from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SAF2016-75292-R), Gobierno Vasco (PIBA PI-2016-1-009-0016 and ELKARTEK 2016-00033), Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, and Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU. Jone Zuazo held a fellowship from Gobierno Vasco and Celia Luchena from Fundacion Tatiana Perez de Guzman el Bueno

Genotoxic evidences of glyphosate and chlorpyriphos on eisenia fetida coelomocytes

The organophosphorus herbicide glyphosate (GLY) and the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyriphos (CPF) are key pesticides in modern management cultures worldwide. Sublethal toxicity of the commercial herbicide formulation Roundup® and the insecticide formulation Terfos® were evaluated on Eisenia fetida coelomocytes exposed under in vivo and ex vivo laboratory conditions. Induction of DNA single-strand breaks evaluated by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and coelomocyte viability as well as alterations in coelomocyte trophic indexes were employed as endpoints for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Specimens were exposed at concentrations corresponding to recommended pesticide field application rate, and endpoints were evaluated after 7 and 14 days of treatment (in vivo exposure). In addition, coelomocytes were exposed to aqueous leachate of pesticide-contaminated soils during 1 h (ex vivo exposure). Earthworms exposed to Roundup® and Terfos® showed an increased frequency of DNA damage. Also, a decrease of coelomocyte viability and decrease of trophic indexes were observed in all treatments. The results demonstrate that either GLY- and CPF-based formulations exerted genotoxic as well as cytotoxic effects in coelomocytes of E. fetida exposed in vivo and ex vivo.Fil: Curieses, Silvana Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sáenz, María Elena. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alberdi, José Luis. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Ricardo Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Di Marzio, Walter Dario. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin