Perception of Time Perspective in Substance-Dependent Individuals

Background. The perception of time perspective in substance-dependent individuals is considered as a dynamic characteristic of the personality, which can be both a predictor of the effectiveness of self-determination in life and a risk factor for further abuse of alcohol and drugs. Assisted forming of a balanced time perspective and a positive attitude toward all time dimensions has the potential to improve rehabilitation programs and the effectiveness of psychological interventions for substance-dependent individuals. Objective. The article aims to summarize the most significant published current national and international research on the topic of time perspective perception in substance-dependent individuals. An analysis of current directions and prospects for further study of the problem are suggested. Methods. The selection and analysis of studies of the last 10 years on the topic of time perspective in substance-dependent individuals were carried out. Results. A scientific review of studies was carried out in the following areas: 1) time perspective in substance-dependent individuals; 2) possibilities of psychological intervention for time perspective modification. Conclusion. The analysis of scientific publications has shown that a time perspective in substance dependence is a relevant area of international research. Based on the findings, methods and approaches of psychotherapeutic assistance to substance users in the process of their rehabilitation are being developed and improved. Russian research on the time perspective of substance users is represented by a small number of studies, which mainly consider imbalanced temporal orientations as a risk factor for relapse into addictive behaviour. A multi-faceted study of temporal perspective and its balance at different stages of rehabilitation has the potential to improve the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic work

Drug Transport System Based on Phospholipid Nanoparticles: Production Technology and Characteristics

One of the current trends in modern pharmaceuticals is the supply of drugs by transport systems. The use of delivery systems allows to increase the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and safety of drug therapy. Liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, blood cells, metal nanoparticles, oxides, etc., are used as transport systems. This work is aimed at obtaining a finished technological product based on soy phospholipids with particle size in the nanometer range and reproducible characteristics (size, charge). For this purpose, we carried out investigations to select the optimal conditions of technological process. The developed technology makes it possible to obtain phospholipid nanoparticles without the use of any solubilizers and/or surfactants, which increases its practical relevance for further work. The versatility of the technology is demonstrated by the example of incorporation of drugs of various chemical nature and pharmacotherapeutic groups

Genetic and Clinical Features of Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome in Russian Population: Prospective Study

Background. Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is the rare genetic autosomal recessive disorder with pathogenic variants in SBDS gene. The spectrum of SBDS gene variants in patients with SDS and features of disease course have not been studied before in Russian population.Objective. The aim of the study was to describe all the variants of SBDS gene and clinical and laboratory abnormalities in children with SDS. Methods. In this prospective study exocrine pancreatic function was estimated by amylase and lipase activity in blood, steatorrhea presence and stool elastase levels during the initial hospitalization. Haematological disorders were analysed by complete blood count. Bone abnormalities were diagnosed via X-ray imaging. Growth delay was established due to anthropometry indicators and percentile curves. Molecular genetic testing was performed with using next generation sequencing and Senger sequencing.Results. Pathogenic variants in SBDS gene (8 in general) were revealed in 25 (89%) out of 28 children with SDS. The most common variant (in 23 patients, 82%) was с.258+2T>C, and in 18 cases it was in compound heterozygous state with c.183_184delTAinsCT. Two patients had с.653G>A (p.Arg218Gln) variant and for one patient for every of the following variants: c.258+1G>A, c.107delT, с.356G>A, c.297_300delAAGA, c.338C>T. All children with SDS had growth delay, in 11 (39%) cases we revealed bone abnormalities. In blood samples of 24 (86%) children we revealed neutropenia and less frequently anemia and thrombocytopenia. The stool elastase I decreased activity (< 200 pg/g) was revealed in 26 (92%) patients. 21 (75%) children had cytolysis syndrome.Conclusion. Pathogenic variants of SBDS gene were revealed in majority of Russian children with SDS. The most frequent are c.258+2T>C and c.183_184delTAinsCT variants. Clinical signs of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome manifest since birth with growth delay, steatorrhea and haematological disorders

NEXAFS и ИК-спектроскопия Co-допированного SrBi2Nb2O9

The solid-phase ceramic method was used to synthesize cobalt-containing solid solutions based on SrBi2Nb2O9. NEXAFS (Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) and IR spectroscopy were used to study the electronic state of cobalt atoms in solid cross-links with a layered perovskite-like structure. It was found that cobalt atoms are in high-spin states of Co(III) and, mainly, Co(II) in an octahedral oxygen environmentТвердофазным керамическим методом синтезированы кобальтсодержащие твердые растворы на основе SrBi2Nb2O9. Методами NEXAFS (Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) и IR-спектроскопии исследовано электронное состояние атомов кобальта в твердых растворах со слоистой перовскитоподобной структурой. Установлено, что атомы кобальта находятся в высоко- спиновых состояниях Co(III) и преимущественно Сo(II) в октаэдрическом кислородном окружени

Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Whole Virion COVID-19 Vaccine CoviVac in Clinical Trials in 18–60 and 60+ Age Cohorts

We present the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial phase I/II of the tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated whole virion concentrated purified coronavirus vaccine CoviVac in volunteers aged 18–60 and open multi-center comparative phase IIb clinical trial in volunteers aged 60 years and older. The safety of the vaccine was assessed in 400 volunteers in the 18–60 age cohort who received two doses of the vaccine (n = 300) or placebo (n = 100) and in 200 volunteers in 60+ age cohort all of whom received three doses of the vaccine. The studied vaccine has shown good tolerability and safety. No deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), or other significant AEs related to vaccination have been detected. The most common AE in vaccinated participants was pain at the injection site (p p 1:256, the rate of fourfold increase in nAB levels was below 45%; the participants who were seropositive at screening of the 2nd vaccination did not lead to a significant increase in nAB titers. In conclusion, inactivated vaccine CoviVac has shown good tolerability and safety, with over 85% NT seroconversion rates after complete vaccination course in participants who were seronegative at screening in both age groups: 18–60 and 60+. In participants who were seropositive at screening and had nAB titers below 1:256, a single vaccination led to a fourfold increase in nAB levels in 85.2% of cases. These findings indicate that CoviVac can be successfully used both for primary vaccination in a two-dose regimen and for booster vaccination as a single dose in individuals with reduced neutralizing antibody levels