1,238 research outputs found
Modeling cosmic ray anisotropies near 10(18) eV
A galactic magnetic field reversal near the Sagittarius spiral arm may be responsible for the southern excess (or northern shortage) of cosmic rays near 10 to the 18th power eV. The north-south asymmetry produced by such a reversal would increase with energy in the same manner as the observed asymmetry. The existence of a reversal has been inferred from analyses of Faraday rotation measures
The Uric Acid Ferments
Within a few years our knowledge of the formation and destruction of uric acid in the body has been much broadened. For a long time after its isolation its origin, significance, place of formation and the agents active in its production and decomposition were unknown. In these respects the facts differ much in the cases of birds and mammals and only the cases of mammas will be here considered
Disciples of Christ in the City
A pamphlet by the Disciples of Christ describing the challenges of ministry in the urban and suburban church, the history of urban ministry, and methods of reaching people in the city. Describes racial issues, missions, and ways to help inner-city churches.https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/crs_books/1460/thumbnail.jp
Some Auxoamylases
The amylases, or starch splitting enzymes, are aided, or have their activity increased, by certain nitrogenous compounds particularly those which contain the NH2 group. These amylolytic stimulating substances I have called auxoamylases. All amino compounds are not auxo substances, however. The experiments described here have been made to ascertain what compounds do activate the amylases and the conditions which affect their action
The Digestibility of Bleached Flour
For several years the effects of the bleaching process upon the properties of wheat flour have been under discussion. The extent to which flour is used as a food material demands that in justice towards the consumers thorough tests should be made to determine whether the process is deleterious or not. In this paper no consideration will be given to any aspect of the case except that of digestibility
Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions
Biogenic aerosols play important roles in atmospheric chemistry physics, the biosphere, climate, and public health. Here, we show that fungi which actively discharge their spores with liquids into the air, in particular actively wet spore discharging Ascomycota (AAM) and actively wet spore discharging Basidiomycota (ABM), are a major source of primary biogenic aerosol particles and components. We present the first estimates for the global average emission rates of fungal spores.
Measurement results and budget calculations based on investigations in Amazonia (Balbina, Brazil, July 2001) indicate that the spores of AAM and ABM may account for a large proportion of coarse particulate matter in tropical rainforest regions during the wet season (0.7–2.3 μg m^−3). For the particle diameter range of 1–10 μm, the estimated proportions are ~25% during day-time, ~45% at night, and ~35% on average. For the sugar alcohol mannitol, the budget calculations indicate that it is suitable for use as a molecular tracer for actively wet discharged basidiospores (ABS). ABM emissions seem to account for most of the atmospheric abundance of mannitol (10–68 ng m^−3), and can explain the observed diurnal cycle (higher abundance at night). ABM emissions of hexose carbohydrates might also account for a significant proportion of glucose and fructose in air particulate matter (7–49 ng m^−3), but the literature-derived ratios are not consistent with the observed diurnal cycle (lower abundance at night). AAM emissions appear to account for a large proportion of potassium in air particulate matter over tropical rainforest regions during the wet season (17–43 ng m^−3), and they can also explain the observed diurnal cycle (higher abundance at night). The results of our investigations and budget calculations for tropical rainforest aerosols are consistent with measurements performed at other locations.
Based on the average abundance of mannitol reported for extratropical continental boundary layer air (~25 ng m^−3), we have also calculated a value of ~17 Tg yr^−1 as a first estimate for the global average emission rate of ABS over land surfaces, which is consistent with the typically observed concentrations of ABS (~10³–10^4 m^−3; ~0.1–1 μg m^−3). The global average atmospheric abundance and emission rate of total fungal spores, including wet and dry discharged species, are estimated to be higher by a factor of about three, i.e. 1 μg m^−3 and ~50 Tg yr^−1. Comparisons with estimated rates of emission and formation of other major types of organic aerosol (~47 Tg yr^−1 of anthropogenic primary organic aerosol; 12–70 Tg yr^−1 of secondary organic aerosol) indicate that emissions from fungi should be taken into account as a significant global source of organic aerosol. The effects of fungal spores and related chemical components might be particularly important in tropical regions, where both physicochemical processes in the atmosphere and biological activity at the Earth's surface are particularly intense, and where the abundance of fungal spores and related chemical compounds are typically higher than in extratropical regions
In Search of a Source for the 320 Eev Fly's Eye Cosmic Ray
The 320 EeV air shower detected by the Fly's Eye poses an important problem.
Careful analysis of pathlength limitations for the possible particle types due
to cosmic background radiation verifies that the particle very likely traveled
less than 50 Mpc from its source. The best candidates for accelerating
particles to such high energies are the very powerful radiogalaxies, however
they are all more than 100 Mpc distant. Our search finds no likely source
within 50 Mpc in the direction from which the particle arrived. This prompts
consideration of less likely astrophysical sources, like M82, as well as
non-standard mechanisms like cosmic string annihilation. It is also conceivable
that the air shower was produced by some non-standard particle whose pathlength
is unlimited because it does not interact with the cosmic background radiation.
A less radical alternative is that relatively strong magnetic fields deflected
the particle's path through a large angle, so it could have originated at a
nearby radiogalaxy at an earlier time of strong activity.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX, figures available by anonymous ftp, to appear in ApJ
(3/1/95
Approximation properties of the -sine bases
For the eigenfunctions of the non-linear eigenvalue problem
associated to the one-dimensional -Laplacian are known to form a Riesz basis
of . We examine in this paper the approximation properties of this
family of functions and its dual, in order to establish non-orthogonal spectral
methods for the -Poisson boundary value problem and its corresponding
parabolic time evolution initial value problem. The principal objective of our
analysis is the determination of optimal values of for which the best
approximation is achieved for a given problem.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures and 2 tables. We have fixed a number of typos
and added references. Changed the title to better reflect the conten
Maintaining a Septic Tank System
Once a septic tank and absorption field are installed, you can do several things to prolong their life, thus protecting an investment which may cost 50 or more, but it is necessary for maintaining the life of the absorption field. The contractors pump the contents into a tank truck and dispose of it at an approved treatment site or by proper land application. Be sure the workman who cleans your tank mixes the liquid, sludge and scum before pumping so that all of the material can be removed, not just the liquid. It is not recommended to wash, scrub or disinfect the septic tank when pumping. Similarly, it is not necessary to leave solids in the septic to start it again. Normally, as the septic tank fills, the natural processes begin. Products to seed the system with desirable bacteria are available, but they are also not necessary
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