Growth Regulators Induced the Photosynthetic Pigments of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera)

In the preliminary experiments 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1 in Triadimefon, 10, 25, 50 and 75mg L-1 in GA3 and P. fluorescens was used for treatments to determine the optimum concentration of TDM, GA3 and P. fluorescens among the treatments 10mg L-1 TDM, 50 mg L-1 GA3 and 1mg L-1 P. fluorescens concentrations increased at 50 % of photosynthetic pigments. After 30 days of the growth the treatments were given, 30 pots for each treatments with TDM, GA3 and P. fluorescens respectively and 10 pots were kept untreated and served as control.  10mg L-1 TDM, 50 mg L-1 GA3 and 1mg L-1 P.fluorescens were given to each pot by soil drenching. The plants were uprooted randomly on 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS and separated leaves used for determining the photosynthetic pigments of Moringa oleifera. Keywords: Growth regulators, Antioxidant, Moringa oleifera

A New Species of Dryobalanoxylon Den Berger from the Neyveli Lignite Formation, Tamil Nadu, India

Neyveli lignite formation is one of the largest tertiary brown coal filed lignite formation found in the Neyveli, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. So far many mega fossils and micro fossils reported from this formation. The present study is about a charcoalified wood found in this formation. The fossil wood is identified as Dryobalanoxylon as a new species D. neyveliensis sp.nov. This is a first report of Dryobalanoxylon from the Neyveli formation. Keywords: Dryobalanoxylon neyveliensis sp.nov., Neyveli formation, Tertiary

EFFECTS OF SPEED, AGILITY AND QUICKNESS (SAQ) TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE AND FLEXIBILITY OF NOVICE TENNIS PLAYERS

This study aims to analyse the effects of SAQ training on anaerobic endurance and flexibility of novice tennis players, selected subject from Ramanadan Krishnan Tennis Academy, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Totally twenty participants were selected and randomly divided them into two groups (n=10) namely SAQ training group (age: 10.80 ± 0.78 years, height: 147.90 ± 2.60 cm and weight: 39.95 ± 1.51 kg) and control group (age: 11.10 ± 0.73 years, height: 147.30 ± 2.79 cm and weight: 40.12 ± 2.23 kg). After 12 weeks training, all subjects had tested their anaerobic endurance and flexibility according to Tennis Specific Agility Endurance Test and V-Sit and Reach Test. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, Paired-‘t’ test was used to determine the difference between pre and post mean scores of experimental and control groups and experimental group had improved more significantly (p<0.05) than the control group. The study suggests that SAQ training is more beneficial for anaerobic endurance and flexibility of novice tennis players.   Article visualizations

QSMSOR Iterative Method for the Solution of 2D Homogeneous Helmholtz Equations

In this paper, we consider the numerical solutions of homogeneous Helmholtz equations of the second order. The Quarter-Sweep Modified Successive Over-Relaxation (QSMSOR) iterative method is applied to solve linear systems generated form discretization of the second order homogeneous Helmholtz equations using quarter sweep finite difference (FD) scheme. The formulation and implementation of the method are also discussed. In addition, numerical results by solving several test problems are included and compared with the conventional iterative methods

Tenacibaculosis caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum: Updated knowledge of this marine bacterial fish pathogen

Tenacibaculosis occurs due to the marine bacterial pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum. This ulcerative disease causes high mortalities for various marine fish species worldwide. Several external clinical signs can arise, including mouth erosion, epidermal ulcers, fin necrosis, and tail rot. Research in the last 15 years has advanced knowledge on the traits and pathogenesis mechanisms of T. maritimum. Consequently, significant progress has been made in defining the complex host-pathogen relationship. Nevertheless, tenacibaculosis pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Continued research is urgently needed, as demonstrated by recent reports on the re-emerging nature of tenacibaculosis in salmon farms globally. Current sanitary conditions compromise the development of effective alternatives to antibiotics, in addition to hindering potential preventive measures against tenacibaculosis. The present review compiles knowledge of T. maritimum reported after the 2006 review by Avendaño-Herrera and colleagues. Essential aspects are emphasized, including antigenic and genomic characterizations and molecular diagnostic procedures. Further summarized are the epidemiological foundations of the T. maritimum population structure and elucidations as to the virulence mechanisms of pathogenic isolates, as found using biological, microbiological, and genomic techniques. This comprehensive source of reference will undoubtable serve in tenacibaculosis prevention and control within the marine fish farming industry. Lastly, knowledge gaps and valuable research areas are indicated as potential guidance for future studies

Thermochemistry, Morphology, and Optical Characterization of Germanium Allotropes

A thermochemical study of three germanium allotropes by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and oxidative high-temperature drop solution calorimetry with sodium molybdate as the solvent is described. Two allotropes, microcrystalline allo-Ge (m-allo-Ge) and 4H-Ge, have been prepared by topotactic deintercalation of Li_7Ge_(12) with methanol (m-allo-Ge) and subsequent annealing at 250 °C (4H-Ge). Transition enthalpies determined by differential scanning calorimetry amount to 4.96(5) ± 0.59 kJ/mol (m-allo-Ge) and 1.46 ± 0.55 kJ/mol (4H-Ge). From high-temperature drop solution calorimetry, they are energetically less stable by 2.71 ± 2.79 kJ/mol (m-allo-Ge) and 5.76 ± 5.12 kJ/mol (4H-Ge) than α-Ge, which is the stable form of germanium under ambient conditions. These data are in agreement with DSC, as well as with the previous quantum chemical calculations. The morphology of the m-allo-Ge and 4H-Ge crystallites was investigated by a combination of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Even though the crystal structures of m-allo-Ge and 4H-Ge cannot be considered as truly layered, these phases retain the crystalline morphology of the layered precursor Li_7Ge_(12). Investigation by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and UV–vis diffuse reflectance measurements reveal band gaps in agreement with quantum chemical calculations

Enzyme production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept

According to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one-third of food produced globally for human consumption (nearly 1.3 billion tonnes) is lost along the food supply chain. In many countries food waste is currently landfilled or incinerated together with other combustible municipal wastes for possible recovery of energy. However, these two options are facing more and more economic and environmental stresses. Due to its organic- and nutrient-rich nature, theoretically food waste can be converted to valuable products (e.g. bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals and fuels) through various fermentation processes. Such conversion of food waste is potentially more profitable than its conversion to animal feed or transportation fuel. Food waste valorisation has therefore gained interest, with value added bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals, and fuels. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide information on the food waste situation with emphasis on Asia–Pacific countries and the state of the art food waste processing technologies to produce enzymes