Analytical study of unstiffened extended end-plate connections produced from austenitic stainless steel

Based on the numerical data of 66 unstiffened stainless steel beam-to-column extended end-plate (EEP) joints, a straightforward analytical method, for predicting the moment-rotation (M-Φ) response of this connection type, was developed and validated. The joint configurations employed to formulate the analytical equations cover a broad range of parameters having significant influence on the performance of this connection typology widely-utilized in steel buildings in seismic zones. To derive the equations, Richard and Abbott expression for the relationship between the moment and rotation, was adopted. This expression takes into account the strain-hardening characteristics and thus is capable of accurately predicting the response of ductile materials having considerable strain hardening such as stainless steel. The results showed that the proposed analytical model has been able to provide accurate predictions of the moment-rotation behavior of connections, with an average error less than 5% in estimating the maximum moment capacity. Finally, an additional evaluation of the suggested model was performed using finite element results for connection configurations other than those used in the calibration of the model. The further assessment demonstrated the high level of accuracy of the developed formulas over a wide range of parameters’ values. These suggested formulas can act as a simple analytical technique for predicting the entire moment-rotation response of unstiffened stainless steel EEP joints, using readily-obtainable geometric and material parameters

Assessment of AISI-S400 deflection equation for cold-formed steel framed shear walls

In current CFS standards, the AISI-S400 deflection expression is used to find the deflection of different types of cold-formed steel framed shear walls, including: those with steel sheet sheathing, and wood structural panels. In this paper, an assessment of the S400 deflection equation is performed. A total of 118 different cold-formed steel shear walls were investigated, of which 83 utilize steel sheet sheathing and 35 utilize wood structural panels. These 118 cases cover a wide range of parameters including: shear wall type, sheathing thickness, sheathing screw size, fastener spacing at panel edges, and type of holddown used. Exploiting the experimental results of the 118 shear walls, the AISI-S400 deflection equation expression was assessed. The assessment results demonstrated that the S400 equation is conservative for both wood structural panel and steel sheet sheathed shear walls.This work is funded by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Steel Framing Industry Association (SFIA). The work is also partially-funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 1663348 and 1663569 as a part of the research project “Seismic Resiliency of Repetitively Framed Mid-Rise Cold-Formed Steel Building (CFS-NHERI)”

Große modulare Kugelhaufenreaktoren mit passiven Sicherheitseigenschaften als ein Beitrag zur katastrophenfreien Kerntechnik : Flexibilität in Auslegung und Anwendung

Worldwide investigations are carried out for different reactor concepts, in order to realize nuclear energy production in modular power plants. In that concept several small or middle sized reactors are joined together in a modular way to form one power plant. The size of MODUL-reactors is designed in such a way, that exelusively inherent safety properties perform the -control of accidents without active technical proceedings. In order to achieve this, the reactor should be relatively small. On the other hand, it should be relatively large for economic and competitive reasons. The range of possible development of the modular pebble-bed reactor for raising the power output are discussed in this study. Based an the MODUL 200 MW concept, the design of the "Great-Modul-Medul" reactor (GMM) with a power output of 500 MWth is introduced, in which the loading modus WLEMIL is applied with repeated circulation of the spheres through the core. A "Great-Modul-OTTO" GMO with a power output of 400 MWth is designd with only one pass of the pebbles (OTTO). comparison to the GMM, that has the advantage of being simpler in construction and in the method of operation. Furthermore, another simplifieation is studied consisting of the combination (PO) of "Peu a Peu" and "OTTO" loading rnodus. All designed cases show a favourable flexibility when changing the applieation of the reactor from steam cycle to gas turbine cycle or to seawater desalination. The study outlines, that the inherently determined limitation of the excess temperature in ease of a loss coolant accident and the ability for controling the water ingress reactivity are maintained for all variants being considered

Data for: Numerical and analytical study of stainless steel beam-to-column extended end-plate connections

In the associated article [1], a finite element (FE) parametric study was performed on a total of 180 stainless steel extended end-plate beam-to-column connections. Then, depending on the numerical results, an analytical method, for estimating the key moment-rotation characteristics of this connection type, was constructed.This dataset provides the details of the 180 connection configurations investigated in the FE parametric study, in addition to other 36 configurations employed in a further verification of the developed analytical equations.Moreover, an online worksheet (built based on the suggested equations) for predicting the complete moment-rotation response of extended end-plate connections produced from stainless steel, is attached to the dataset.[1] M.M. Eladly, B.W. Schafer, Numerical and analytical study of stainless steel beam-to-column extended end-plate connections, Engineering Structures (2021) 112392

Applicability of wireless injectable microstimulators based on volume conduction for high density neuromuscular stimulation

This thesis was conducted within the framework of the eAXON project that is aimed at developing injectable wireless sub-millimetric single-channel addressable microstimulators based on volume conduction called eAXONs that could be inserted in large numbers to provide high density neuromuscular stimulation for restoring functional movement to paralyzed limbs with minimal invasiveness. It is demonstrated that multi-channel intramuscular stimulation significantly delays electrically–induced muscle fatigue, while single-channel stimulation does not. It is shown that the nerve supply of mammalian skeletal muscles appear to be extensively compartmentalized. Meaning, a large number of eAXONs can be implanted, while their independence is maintained. Lastly, the eAXONs are very thin because they act as rectifiers and perform neurostimulation by instantaneously transforming bursts of externally applied volume conducted high frequency currents into low frequency waveforms. Waveforms created with this approach are less current, charge, energy efficient than square waveforms conventionally used in neurostimulation. Therefore, with eAXONs, there is a tradeoff between device miniaturization and stimulation efficiency

Data for: Numerical and analytical study of stainless steel beam-to-column extended end-plate connections

In the associated article [1], a finite element (FE) parametric study was performed on a total of 180 stainless steel extended end-plate beam-to-column connections. Then, depending on the numerical results, an analytical method, for estimating the key moment-rotation characteristics of this connection type, was constructed.This dataset provides the details of the 180 connection configurations investigated in the FE parametric study, in addition to other 36 configurations employed in a further verification of the developed analytical equations.Moreover, an online worksheet (built based on the suggested equations) for predicting the complete moment-rotation response of extended end-plate connections produced from stainless steel, is attached to the dataset.[1] M.M. Eladly, B.W. Schafer, Numerical and analytical study of stainless steel beam-to-column extended end-plate connections, Engineering Structures (2021) 112392.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Assessment of AISI-S400 deflection equation for cold-formed steel framed shear walls

In current CFS standards, the AISI-S400 deflection expression is used to find the deflection of different types of cold-formed steel framed shear walls, including: those with steel sheet sheathing, and wood structural panels. In this paper, an assessment of the S400 deflection equation is performed. A total of 118 different cold-formed steel shear walls were investigated, of which 83 utilize steel sheet sheathing and 35 utilize wood structural panels. These 118 cases cover a wide range of parameters including: shear wall type, sheathing thickness, sheathing screw size, fastener spacing at panel edges, and type of holddown used. Exploiting the experimental results of the 118 shear walls, the AISI-S400 deflection equation expression was assessed. The assessment results demonstrated that the S400 equation is conservative for both wood structural panel and steel sheet sheathed shear walls.This work is funded by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Steel Framing Industry Association (SFIA). The work is also partially-funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 1663348 and 1663569 as a part of the research project “Seismic Resiliency of Repetitively Framed Mid-Rise Cold-Formed Steel Building (CFS-NHERI)”

A Shape Grammars Approach to Bvlgari’sEmerald Necklaces Design Language

For more than forty years now, shape grammars have been the interest of many researchers in many domains including Paintings and Arts, Architecture, and Product Design [March, 2011]. However, by tracing the time line of shape grammars under “Product Design”, it does not show any interest in “Antiques or Vintages” as such [Chau et al. 2004]. This paper addresses shape grammars as a style generator of Bulgari’s emerald necklace designs, being considered as a vintage that bears a specific style, character and importance as a cultural symbol. The paper discusses the issue of style in design. Then it presents an analysis of four of Bvlgari’s emerald necklace designs to induce the shape rules governing the style. Then it presents a shape matrix out of which a new design is developed, which is compared to another Bvlgari’s existing product to demonstrate the applicability, value and advantages of the approach

Enhancing circular economy via detecting and recycling 2D nested sheet waste using Bayesian optimization technique based-smart digital twin

The recycling process is controversial on a worldwide scale since it is based on the concept of sustainability and minimizing the environmental footprint. From this perspective, a practical framework for managing the 2D nesting waste is presented in this paper, which is a crucial phase in many production processes. Deep Learning (DLs) models are used to detect (i.e., segmentation) and categorize (i.e., classification) waste area sizes to enhance the circular economy via recycling procedures. Moreover, the apparel industry for having huge 2D nesting waste is implemented in this paper. Furthermore, data augmentation is performed in this paper to overcome the lack of datasets. The segmentation stage is applied based on the SegNet deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). In addition to, the classification stage based on the DLs, ResNet34, InceptionV3, and DenseNet121 is implemented to classify our datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms other existing techniques, where the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 99.87 %, detection success rate (DSR) of 99.88 %, sensitivity of 99.98 %, precision of 99.98 %, F1-score of 98.99 %, mean square error (MSE) from 0.01 % to 2.49 %, efficiency of 97.41 %, and computational time of 3.9 s. Therefore, our proposed framework achieves the best performance compared with the literature. The future work will focus on enhancing the circular economy by utilizing the 3D nested sheet waste