Protective effects of ascorbic acid and zinc against cadmium-induced histopathological, histochemical and cytogenetic changes in rats

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd) induced histopathological changes in tissues of liver, kidney, lung and testis of rats as well as chromosomal aberrations. For this purpose, 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups; each group contained 10 animals. The first group served as control and was given only distilled water. The second and third groups received distilled water supplemented with 2g ascorbic acid/l and 500mg Zn/l, respectively. The fourth group received daily oral dose containing 3 mg Cd/kg b.w (1/30 LD50). The fifth group received Cd+ascorbic acid (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 2g ascorbic acid/l), while the sixth group received Cd+Zn (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 500mg Zn /l). The treatment in all groups was lasted for 90 consecutive days. Rats exposed to cadmium showed severe histopathological changes in liver, kidney, lung and testicular tissues as well as chromosomal aberrations such as: break, ring, centromeric separation and polyploidy. Co-treatment with zinc partially improved the histopathological changes and chromosomal aberrations while co-treatment with vitamin C exhibited more protective role and markedly reduced tissues damage induced by Cd. Efeitos protetores de ácido ascórbico e zinco contra alterações histopatológicas,histoquímicas e citogenéticas induzidas por cádmio em ratosO presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o papel protetor do ácido ascórbico (vitaminaC) e zinco (Zn) contra as alterações histopatológicas induzidas por cádmio (Cd) em tecidos dofígado, pulmão, rim e testículo de ratos, bem como aberrações cromossômicas de medula óssea.Para este fim, 60 ratos albinos machos foram divididos em seis grupos, cada grupo continha 10animais. O primeiro grupo serviu como controle e recebeu apenas água destilada. Os segundo eterceiro grupos receberam 200 mg Vit. C/kg de peso corporal e 50 mg de Zn/kg de peso corporal,respectivamente. O quarto grupo recebeu uma dose oral diária que contém 3 mg de Cd/kg depeso corporal (1/30 LD50). O quinto grupo recebeu Cd + Vit. C (3 mg Cd/kg pc + 200 mg Vit. C/kgde peso corporal), enquanto que o sexto grupo recebeu Cd + Zn (3 mg Cd/kg pc + 50 mg de Zn/kg de peso corporal). O tratamento em todos os grupos durou 90 dias consecutivos. Os resultadosindicaram que os ratos expostos ao cádmio mostraram graves alterações histopatológicas emtecidos do fígado, pulmão, rim e dos testículos, bem como aumento significativo na frequênciade aberrações cromossômicas, tais como: quebra, anel, separação centromérica e poliploidia.Cotratamento com zinco melhorou parcialmente as alterações histopatológicas e diminuiu afrequência de aberrações cromossômicas, enquanto o cotratamento com vitamina C apresentoupapel mais protetor e marcadamente reduzido número de tecidos com danos induzidos por Cd

A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis

Abstract Background Herbal treatment may have a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect on Osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. Methods Thirty-five albino rats were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint. Ginger and curcumin was orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (F200 and F400). Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. The composition of the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract was characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS. Histopathological changes in injected joints was examined using routine histopathology. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Results Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). Conclusions The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are needed to evaluate this effect

Protective effects of ascorbic acid and zinc against cadmium-induced histopathological, histochemical and cytogenetic changes in rats

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd) induced histopathological changes in tissues of liver, kidney, lung and testis of rats as well as chromosomal aberrations. For this purpose, 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups; each group contained 10 animals. The first group served as control and was given only distilled water. The second and third groups received distilled water supplemented with 2g ascorbic acid/l and 500mg Zn/l, respectively. The fourth group received daily oral dose containing 3 mg Cd/kg b.w (1/30 LD50). The fifth group received Cd+ascorbic acid (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 2g ascorbic acid/l), while the sixth group received Cd+Zn (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 500mg Zn /l). The treatment in all groups was lasted for 90 consecutive days. Rats exposed to cadmium showed severe histopathological changes in liver, kidney, lung and testicular tissues as well as chromosomal aberrations such as: break, ring, centromeric separation and polyploidy. Co-treatment with zinc partially improved the histopathological changes and chromosomal aberrations while co-treatment with vitamin C exhibited more protective role and markedly reduced tissues damage induced by Cd. Efeitos protetores de ácido ascórbico e zinco contra alterações histopatológicas,histoquímicas e citogenéticas induzidas por cádmio em ratosO presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o papel protetor do ácido ascórbico (vitaminaC) e zinco (Zn) contra as alterações histopatológicas induzidas por cádmio (Cd) em tecidos dofígado, pulmão, rim e testículo de ratos, bem como aberrações cromossômicas de medula óssea.Para este fim, 60 ratos albinos machos foram divididos em seis grupos, cada grupo continha 10animais. O primeiro grupo serviu como controle e recebeu apenas água destilada. Os segundo eterceiro grupos receberam 200 mg Vit. C/kg de peso corporal e 50 mg de Zn/kg de peso corporal,respectivamente. O quarto grupo recebeu uma dose oral diária que contém 3 mg de Cd/kg depeso corporal (1/30 LD50). O quinto grupo recebeu Cd + Vit. C (3 mg Cd/kg pc + 200 mg Vit. C/kgde peso corporal), enquanto que o sexto grupo recebeu Cd + Zn (3 mg Cd/kg pc + 50 mg de Zn/kg de peso corporal). O tratamento em todos os grupos durou 90 dias consecutivos. Os resultadosindicaram que os ratos expostos ao cádmio mostraram graves alterações histopatológicas emtecidos do fígado, pulmão, rim e dos testículos, bem como aumento significativo na frequênciade aberrações cromossômicas, tais como: quebra, anel, separação centromérica e poliploidia.Cotratamento com zinco melhorou parcialmente as alterações histopatológicas e diminuiu afrequência de aberrações cromossômicas, enquanto o cotratamento com vitamina C apresentoupapel mais protetor e marcadamente reduzido número de tecidos com danos induzidos por Cd

Protective effect of the standardized leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) against hypertension-induced renal injury in rats

Background: Ginkgo biloba leaves extract has been widely used worldwide to protect against oxidative stress-induced cell damage and improves blood circulation. Methods: The potential protective role of the standardized leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) on hypertension-induced renal injury was investigated in rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by L-NAME. Result: Repeated treatment with EGb761 produced progressive reductions in the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Also, EGb761 increased the progressive reductions in blood pressure induced by losartan. Hypertension-induced marked elevation of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels and reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) level were inhibited by EGb761. In addition, hypertension-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) levels in renal tissues were inhibited by EGb761. Also, treatment with EGb761 inhibited hypertension-induced decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and increase in the protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1B in the kidney tissues. EGb761 enhanced losartan effects on renal tissues oxidative stress, nitrite, and inflammatory markers levels and on protein expressions of eNOS, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1B. effects. Conclusions:These results indicate that EGb761 has the ability to protect against hypertension-induced renal injury

Anticryptosporidium Efficacy of Olea europaea and Ficus carica Leaves Extract in Immunocompromised Mice Associated with Biochemical Characters and Antioxidative System

Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite (Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis) known as a parasite of humans, especially children and immunocompromised patients. The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a mixture of fig and olive leaf extracts as an alternative medicinal plant. Parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool and histopathological alterations in the small intestines were examined. Additionally, biochemical analyses of liver and kidney functions in addition to antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were evaluated. Our results showed that marked reduction in oocysts shedding and amelioration in intestinal histopathological changes and hepatic or renal functions were detected in all treated groups compared to the control infected group. Additionally, the treated groups with tested extracts at ratios 1:3 and 1:5 showed a significant decrease in the number of oocysts compared to the other treated groups. Results exhibited a significant increase in the plasma SOD, CAT and GSH levels in treated groups compared to the infected control one. This study suggested that a mixture of fig and olive leaf extracts is a convenient promising therapeutic agent for Cryptosporidiosis

The effect of different pollutants exposure on the pigment content of pigmented macrophage aggregates in the spleen of Vardar chub ( Squalius vardarensis

Pigmented macrophage aggregates (MAs) are known to change under influence of various factors, such as aging, season, starvation and/or pollution. In this study, changes in the pigment content of the MAs in the spleen of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis, Karaman) (n=129) collected in spring and autumn, from three rivers with different pollution impact was examined: Zletovska River (metals), Kriva River (metals and municipal wastewater), Bregalnica River (municipal wastewater). Collected data revealed increased relative volume and number of MAs containing hemosiderin under the influence of metals, significant in autumn (p&lt;0.05). In chub exposed to metals combined with municipal wastewater, significant increase of lipochrome accumulation in MAs in autumn, melanin in MAs in fish captured in the spring season, and number of splenic MAs containing combination of melanin and lipochrome was noted. Volumes and number of MAs containing combination of hemosiderin and lipochrome increased in spleen of fish captured in autumn from both Zletovska River and Kriva River, most likely due to the contribution of hemosiderin and lipochrome, respectively. Values measured for the various pigments in splenic MAs in fish captured from Bregalnica River, were overall closer to the values measured for fish captured from Kriva River. Notably, melanin and lipochrome are more likely to be found in fish from waters influenced by municipal wastewater (organic pollution) and hemosiderin in fish spleen from water influenced by mining activity (heavy metals pollution)