Extrato de Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer neutraliza o stress oxidativo em ratos alimentados com dieta contaminada com multi-micotoxinas

The current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Panax ginseng extract (PGE)against the toxicity and oxidative stress in rats fed aflatoxin (AFs) and/or fumonisin (FB)-contaminateddiet. Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight experimental groups included thecontrol group, the group treated orally with PGE (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) and the groups fed AFs (1.4 mg/kg diet) and/or FB (20 mg/kg b.w.) contaminated diet alone or plus PGE for 11 weeks. Blood, liverand kidney tissue samples were collected at the end of treatment period for biochemical andhistological studies. The results indicated that PGE increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) levelin liver; however, the other parameters were comparable to controls. Animals fed AFs and/or FBcontaminateddiet showed a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters and oxidativestress markers accompanied with a significant decrease in antioxidant parameters levels and asevere histological changes in the liver tissue. These changes were more pronounced in the groupfed AFs plus FB. PGE succeeded to induce a significant improvement in all biochemical parametersand the histological picture towards the control although it did not normalize them. It could beconcluded that PGE is a promise candidate against the exposure to multi-mycotoxins in food.O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos protetores do extrato de Panax ginseng(PGE) contra a toxicidade e estresse oxidativo em ratos alimentados com aflatoxinas (AFs) e/oudieta contaminada por fumonisina (FB). Oitenta fêmeas de ratos Sprague-Dawley foram divididasem oito grupos experimentais, incluindo o grupo controle, o grupo tratado com PGE oralmente (0,5mg/kg de peso corporal) e os grupos alimentados com as dietas contaminadas de AFs (1,4 dieta mg/kg) e/ou FB (20 mg/kg de peso corporal) isoladas ou com mais PGE durante 11 semanas. Amostrasde sangue, do fígado e do tecido do rim foram recolhidas no final do período de tratamentopara estudos bioquímicos e histológicos. Os resultados indicaram que a PGE aumenta o nível desuperóxido dismutase (SOD) no fígado, no entanto, os outros parâmetros foram comparáveis aosdo grupo controle. Animais alimentados com dieta contaminada por AF e/ou FB mostraram umaumento significativo nos parâmetros bioquímicos séricos e marcadores de estresse oxidativo,acompanhados de uma diminuição significativa nos níveis de antioxidantes e nos parâmetros dealterações histológicas graves no tecido do fígado. Essas alterações foram mais pronunciadas nogrupo alimentado com AFs mais FB. PGE obteve sucesso quanto à introdução de uma melhoriasignificativa em todos os parâmetros bioquímicos e histológicos com relação ao grupo controle,embora não os tenha normalizado. Pode-se concluir que a PGE é uma promissora candidatacontra a exposição às multimicotoxinas em alimentos

Antifungal efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles against phytopathogenic fungi and inhibition of zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum

Chitosan (COS) is a natural safe biopolymer that received great attention in agriculture, food, biomedical, pharmaceutical and environmental industries because their biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and non-allergenic natures. The aims of the current study were to synthesize and characterize chitosan nanoparticles (COS-NPs), to evaluate their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi and inhibition of zearalenone (ZEN) production by Fusarium graminearum. The results revealed that the deacetylation degree of COS was 86.9 0.44 %, the average of molar mass was 171.41 ± 0.29 g/mol, molecular weight was 244 ± 7 kDa and the concentration of free amino groups was 0.05 ± 0.019 mol L-1. COS-NPs showed the nanorod form with rough nature and particle size was around 180 nm. COS-NPs showed an excellent antifungal activity against Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Baeuvaria bassiana, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii in dose dependent manner. At a concentration of 800 ppm, it inhibits ZEN production by Fusarium graminearum. It could be concluded that COS-NPs are promise candidate as safe antifungal capable for the prevention of ZEN production.Chitosan (COS) is a natural safe biopolymer that received great attention in agriculture, food, biomedical, pharmaceutical and environmental industries because their biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and non-allergenic natures. The aims of the current study were to synthesize and characterize chitosan nanoparticles (COS-NPs), to evaluate their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi and inhibition of zearalenone (ZEN) production by Fusarium graminearum. The results revealed that the deacetylation degree of COS was 86.9 0.44 %, the average of molar mass was 171.41 ± 0.29 g/mol, molecular weight was 244 ± 7 kDa and the concentration of free amino groups was 0.05 ± 0.019 mol L-1. COS-NPs showed the nanorod form with rough nature and particle size was around 180 nm. COS-NPs showed an excellent antifungal activity against Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Baeuvaria bassiana, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii in dose dependent manner. At a concentration of 800 ppm, it inhibits ZEN production by Fusarium graminearum. It could be concluded that COS-NPs are promise candidate as safe antifungal capable for the prevention of ZEN production

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Chenopodium murale leaf extract

AbstractSilver is known for its antimicrobial effects and silver nanoparticles are gaining their importance due to their antimicrobial activities. The aims of the current study were to use plant extract for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and to evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activity in vitro. The results indicated that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized in a simple method using Chenopodium murale leaf extract. The TEM analysis showed that the sizes of the synthesized AgNps ranged from 30 to 50 nm. The essential oil of C. murale leaf extract was formed mainly of α-Terpinene, (Z)-Ascaridole and cis-Ascaridole. The total phenolic compounds and total flavonides were higher in AgNPs-containing plant extract compared to the plant extract. AgNPs-containing leaf extract showed a higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activity compared to C. murale leaf extract alone or silver nitrate. It could be concluded that C. murale leaf extract can be used effectively in the production of potential antioxidant and antimicrobial AgNPs for commercial application

Eanax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract counteracts the oxidative stress in rats fed multi-mycotoxins-contaminated diet

Ohe current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Panax ginseng extract (PGE)against the toxicity and oxidative stress in rats fed aflatoxin (AFs) and/or fumonisin (FB)-contaminateddiet. Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight experimental groups included thecontrol group, the group treated orally with PGE (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) and the groups fed AFs (1.4 mg/kg diet) and/or FB (20 mg/kg b.w.) contaminated diet alone or plus PGE for 11 weeks. Blood, liverand kidney tissue samples were collected at the end of treatment period for biochemical andhistological studies. The results indicated that PGE increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) levelin liver; however, the other parameters were comparable to controls. Animals fed AFs and/or FBcontaminateddiet showed a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters and oxidativestress markers accompanied with a significant decrease in antioxidant parameters levels and asevere histological changes in the liver tissue. These changes were more pronounced in the groupfed AFs plus FB. PGE succeeded to induce a significant improvement in all biochemical parametersand the histological picture towards the control although it did not normalize them. It could beconcluded that PGE is a promise candidate against the exposure to multi-mycotoxins in food

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract counteracts the oxidative stress in rats fed multi-mycotoxins-contaminated diet

O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos protetores do extrato de Panax ginseng (PGE) contra a toxicidade e estresse oxidativo em ratos alimentados com aflatoxinas (AFs) e/ou dieta contaminada por fumonisina (FB). Oitenta fêmeas de ratos Sprague-Dawley foram divididas em oito grupos experimentais, incluindo o grupo controle, o grupo tratado com PGE oralmente (0,5 mg/kg de peso corporal) e os grupos alimentados com as dietas contaminadas de AFs (1,4 dieta mg/ kg) e/ou FB (20 mg/kg de peso corporal) isoladas ou com mais PGE durante 11 semanas. Amostras de sangue, do fígado e do tecido do rim foram recolhidas no final do período de tratamento para estudos bioquímicos e histológicos. Os resultados indicaram que a PGE aumenta o nível de superóxido dismutase (SOD) no fígado, no entanto, os outros parâmetros foram comparáveis aos do grupo controle. Animais alimentados com dieta contaminada por AF e/ou FB mostraram um aumento significativo nos parâmetros bioquímicos séricos e marcadores de estresse oxidativo, acompanhados de uma diminuição significativa nos níveis de antioxidantes e nos parâmetros de alterações histológicas graves no tecido do fígado. Essas alterações foram mais pronunciadas no grupo alimentado com AFs mais FB. PGE obteve sucesso quanto à introdução de uma melhoria significativa em todos os parâmetros bioquímicos e histológicos com relação ao grupo controle, embora não os tenha normalizado. Pode-se concluir que a PGE é uma promissora candidata contra a exposição às multimicotoxinas em alimentos.The current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) against the toxicity and oxidative stress in rats fed aflatoxin (AFs) and/or fumonisin (FB)-contaminated diet. Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight experimental groups included the control group, the group treated orally with PGE (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) and the groups fed AFs (1.4 mg/ kg diet) and/or FB (20 mg/kg b.w.) contaminated diet alone or plus PGE for 11 weeks. Blood, liver and kidney tissue samples were collected at the end of treatment period for biochemical and histological studies. The results indicated that PGE increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) level in liver; however, the other parameters were comparable to controls. Animals fed AFs and/or FBcontaminated diet showed a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers accompanied with a significant decrease in antioxidant parameters levels and a severe histological changes in the liver tissue. These changes were more pronounced in the group fed AFs plus FB. PGE succeeded to induce a significant improvement in all biochemical parameters and the histological picture towards the control although it did not normalize them. It could be concluded that PGE is a promise candidate against the exposure to multi-mycotoxins in food

Chitosan nanoparticles plus quercetin suppress the oxidative stress, modulate DNA fragmentation and gene expression in the kidney of rats fed ochratoxin A-contaminated diet.

IF 3.778International audienceThis study aimed to evaluate the protective role of chitosan nanoparticles (COS-NPs) singly or plus quercetin (Q) against OTA-induced oxidative stress and renal genotoxicity. Twelve groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 3 weeks included the control group, animals fed OTA-contaminated diet (3 mg/kg diet); COS-NPs-treated groups at low (140 mg/kg b.w.) or high (280 mg/kg b.w.) dose, Q-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w.), Q plus low or high dose of COS-NPs-treated groups and OTA plus Q and/or COS-NPs at the two tested doses-treated groups. The results indicated that COS-NPs were roughly rod in shape with average particle size of 200 nm and zeta potential 31.4 ± 2.8 mV. Animals fed OTA-contaminated diet showed significant changes in serum biochemical parameters, increase kidney MDA and DNA fragmentation and decreased GPx and SOD gene expression accompanied with severe histological changes. Q and/or COS-NPs at the two tested doses induced significant improvements in all tested parameters and succeeded to overcome these effects especially in the animals treated with Q plus the high dose of COS-NPs. It could be concluded that COS-NPs are promise candidate to enhance the antioxidant effect of Q and protect against the nephrotoxicity of OTA in high endemic areas

Dietary incorporation of jojoba extract eliminates oxidative damage in livers of rats fed fumonisin-contaminated diet

International audienceAim: This study aimed to determine the composition of ethanol extract of jojoba seeds, and to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects in rats fed fumonisin B1 (FB1)-contaminated diet.Methods: Jojoba seeds were extracted in 95% ethanol, and the chemical composition was determined. Male rats were divided into six groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows: (1) Untreated control; (2) FB1-contaminated diet (80 mg/kg diet); (3) low dose (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) jojoba extract; (4) high dose (1.0 mg/kg b.w.) jojoba extract; (5) low dose jojoba extract plus FB1; and (6) high dose jojoba extract plus FB1. Blood and liver samples were collected for different biochemical analyses and histological examinations.Results: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of jojoba is rich in protein, phenolic compounds, phytic acid, and considerable amounts of simmondsin. Animals fed FB1-contaminated diet showed severe biochemical and histological changes typical to those reported in literature. Treatment with jojoba seed extract alone at the two tested doses did not induce significant alterations in all parameters tested. Combined treatment of jojoba seed extract with FB1 eliminated hepatotoxicity induced by FB1, especially at low dose of jojoba seed extract.Conclusion: The authors concluded that jojoba seed extract can be incorporated in FB1-contaminated feed to eliminate FB1-induced hepatotoxicity

Quercetin inhibits the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in liver of rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of quercetin (Q) against the cytotoxicity, DNA damage and oxidative stress in rats fed aflatoxin (AFs)-contaminated diet. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into six groups and treated for 21 days as follows: the control group; the group fed AFs-contaminated diet (1.4 mg/kg diet); the groups treated orally with Q at low or high dose (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) and the groups AFs-contaminated diet plus low or high dose of Q. At the end of experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, histological, histochemical and genetic analyses. The results indicated that animal fed AFs-contaminated diet showed significant increase in serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers and DNA fragmentation accompanied with significant decrease in total proteins, GPX, SOD, DNA and RNA content and fatty acid synthase (Fas) and TNFα gene expression in the liver tissue. Q at the two tested doses succeeded to normalize the biochemical parameters, improved the content of nucleic acids in hepatic tissues, the gene expression, the histopathological and histochemical picture of the liver. It could be concluded that Q has a potential antioxidant activity, a protective action and regulated the alteration of genes expression induced by AFs