PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM SATUREJA MONTANA L. GROWING IN EGYPT AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES

 Objective: This work aimed to investigate the lipid constituents and flavonoidal compounds of Satureja montana, in addition to evaluation of different extracts and/or isolated compounds as antimicrobials and antioxidants.Methods: The volatile and lipid constituents were extracted with n-hexane by partition from hydroalcoholic extract of S. montana L. aerial parts, after then were fractionated to unsaponifiable matters and fatty acid methyl esters which were identified by gas–liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The phenolic constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant. The antimicrobial activity of different extracts and the isolated compounds was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungus using a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: The identified compounds are luteolin-7-rhamnoside-4'-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin- 7-O-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin-7-O-glucopyranoside (4), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxy flavone (5), gallic acid (6), 2,3-hexahydroxydiphenoyl 1-galloyl glucopyranoside (7), and quercetin (8). The structure of all isolated compounds was established using different chromatographic and spectroscopic measurements (PC, thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet [UV], 1D, 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance, and MS). Compound-2 showed the highest antibacterial activity against all the tested microorganisms. Hydroalcoholic extract exhibited high antioxidant activity (87.7%). On the other hand, hexane fraction showed a low antioxidant activity (46.4%), in addition to the compound-8 showed the highest antioxidant activity (96.27%) in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. montana showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

Appraisal on the Wound Healing Potential of Deverra tortuosa DC. and Deverra triradiata Hochst Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Topical Preparation

Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. and Deverra. triradiata Hochst. ex Bioss are perennial desert shrubs widely used traditionally for many purposes and they are characteristic for their essential oil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vivo wound healing activity of the essential oil (EO) of D. tortuosa and D. triradiata through their encapsulation into nanoemulsion. EO nanoemulsion was prepared using an aqueous phase titration method, and nanoemulsion zones were identified through the construction of phase diagrams. The EO was prepared by hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed using GC/MS. D. tortuosa oil is rich in the non-oxygenated compound, representing 74.54, 73.02, and 41.19% in HD, MADH, and SFE, respectively, and sabinene represents the major monoterpene hydrocarbons. Moreover, D. triradiata is rich in oxygenated compounds being 69.77, 52.87, and 61.69% in HD, MADH, and SFE, respectively, with elemicin and myristicin as major phenylpropanoids. Topical application of the nanoemulsion of D. tortuosa and D. triradiata (1% or 2%) exhibited nearly 100% wound contraction and complete healing at day 16. Moreover, they exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and a significant increase in growth factors and hydroxyproline levels. Histopathological examination exhibited complete re-epithelialization accompanied by activated hair follicles and abundant collagen fibers, especially at a concentration of 2%. Therefore, the incorporation of the two Deverra species into nanoemulsion could professionally endorse different stages of wound healing

Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Celosia trigyna L. Grown in Saudi Arabia

The methanol extract of the aerial parts of Celosia trigyna (Amaranthaceae) was successively fractionated using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained fractions was investigated using sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) assay against three carcinoma cell lines; breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). The dichloromethane fraction showed significant in vitro cytotoxic activities against the human cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HEP-G2 with IC50 values of 10.9 and 11.2 µg/mL, respectively, while all fractions revealed weak antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging method. The GC-MS analysis of the most cytotoxic dichloromethane fraction has resulted in the identification of 12 compounds. The main constituents were tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative (31.44%), 2,3-dimethylheptadecane (16.71%) and 3-octadecanone (15.56%). Moreover, the phytochemical study of the dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions led to the isolation and identification of five known compounds identified as β-amyrin acetate (1), acacetin 8-C-α-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-β-glucopyranoside (2), apigenin 8-C-α-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-β-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-α-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside (4) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (5)