Coprecipitation of metal salts with organic coprecipitants

Coprecipitation studies were carried out for the more insoluble salts of six common metals and five anion systems. Three metal sulfides, namely, CuS, CdS and NiS, were the only metal salts studied that indicated nearly complete coprecipitation with phenolphthalein as carrier precipitate. The same salts showed almost no coprecipitation with B-naphthol as carrier precipitate. Solvent extraction of CuS with chloroform showed no significant amount of extraction had taken place. The data obtained in this work did not disclose any relationship between the extent of coprecipitation and the solubility product constant of the salt present. The main difficulty encountered at this stage in the work was the fact that high enough anion concentrations could not be obtained for systems other than the sulfide system due to the limitation of the solubilities of their anion sources. CuS, CdS, and NiS might have been coprecipitated by physical entrapments of their partially colloidal particles in the interstices of phenolphthalein --Abstract, page ii

Occurrence of unusual non-fermentative gram negative bacilli in intensive care units of a university hospital, Egypt

Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species have emerged as nosocomial pathogens. No much data is currently available concerning the occurrence of these types of bacteria in Zagazig University Hospitals (ZUHs). In this study, the occurrence as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of unusual NFGNB obtained from clinical samples collected from intensive care units (ICUs) of ZUHs was assessed. Additionally, the genetic relatedness among the most prevalent unusual NFGNB species was studied.Results: Out of 516 non-repeated clinical sample, 97 NFGNB (18.7%) were isolated. Among them, 17 unusual NFGNB were identified by API 20NE, accounting for 17.5% of NFGNB and 3.3% of all tested samples. Within the unusual NFGNB, Burkholderiacepaciacomplex (Bcc) was the most prevalent species accounting for 94.1% of NFGNB and 3.1% of total samples. This was followed by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) which accounted for 5.9% of NFGNB and 0.2% of all obtained specimens. Tigecycline antibiotic was the most effective antibiotic against Bcc isolates (68.8% susceptibility) in disc diffusion method. After random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) testing, the obtained Bcc isolates were found to be genetically diverse. This highlights Bcc as an emerging nosocomial pathogen in ICUs of ZUHs. Continuous monitoring of the occurrence of Bcc in ICU as well as in other hospital wards is warranted.Keywords: ʺUnusualʺ, ʺNon-fermentativeʺ, ʺgram-negative bacilliʺ, ʺintensive care unit

Bimbingan kelompok melalui Living Values Education (LVE) dalam upaya penguatan ketahanan keluarga : Penelitian di Kampung Sakinah RW 10 Kelurahan Cipadung Kidul Kecamatan Panyileukan Kota Bandung.

Keluarga merupakan asas pertama untuk pembinaan sebuah masyarakat, di mana hubungan yang terbentuk di dalamnya merupakan hubungan secara langsung. Dengan perubahan sosial yang pesat dan pergeseran nilai-nilai dalam masyarakat, para peserta sering menghadapi tantangan dalam upaya mempertahankan ketahanan keluarga serta keseimbangan internal. Salah satu cara untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan keluarga dan menguatkan ketahanan keluarga yaitu membutuhkan latihan atau proses pembelajaran melalui bimbingan kelompok. Dalam upaya penguatan ketahanan keluarga, kegiatan bimbingan kelompok ini menggunakan living values education (LVE) sebagai pendekatan yang dapat digunakan. Kegiatan bimbingan kelompok melalui pendekatan living values education terhadap upaya penguatan ketahanan keluarga, melihat hal tersebut sangat penting kiranya dilakukan suatu kajian mengenai program bimbingan kelompok ini dalam membimbing para peserta, di Kampung Sakinah RW 10. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui program, pelaksanaan serta hasil bimbingan kelompok melalui living values education dalam upaya penguatan ketahanan keluarga peserta di Kampung Sakinah RW 10. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori mengenai bimbingan kelompok bahwa bimbingan kelompok adalah salah satu teknik bimbingan yang berusaha membantu individu agar dapat mencapai perkembangan secara optimal sesuai dengan kemampuan bakat, minat, serta nilai-nilai yang dianutnya dan dilaksanakan dalam situasi kelompok. Bimbingan kelompok ditujukan untuk mencegah timbulnya masalah pada individu dan mengembangkan potensi individu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis data melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah dilaksanakan bimbingan kelompok melalui living values education terdapat peningkatan ketahanan keluarga para peserta. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bimbingan kelompok melalui living values education telah efektif dilaksanakan dan manfaatnya dapat dirasakan oleh peserta karena berperan besar dalam upaya menguatkan ketahanan keluarga para peserta di Kampung Sakinah RW 10

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH NURUL HUDA MENDALO DARAT

Akhlak merupakan suatu disiplin yang menerangkan perihal apa yang semestinya diperbuat manusia kepada yang lain, melahirkan tindak tanduk mereka serta menunjukkan yang seharusnya dilakukan. Pendidikan menjadi institusi yang memengaruhi proses penumbuhan karakter religi. Oleh karena itu, sekolah yang telah menerima dan dianggap mampu melaksanakan tanggung jawabnya yang dipercaya masyarakat harus melakukan penanaman, pembibitan dan penciptaan suatu cita-cita atau harapan rakyat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi subjek adalah kepala sekolah, waka kesiswaan, satu orang guru dan dua orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada beberapa langkah yaitu tahap reduksi, tahap penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang Implementasi Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Dalam Pengembangan Karakter Religius Siswa Di MTs Nurul Huda Mendalo Darat, dengan tujuan : Mengetahui bagaimana karakter religius siswa, Bagaimana implementasi Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak dalam mengembangan karakter religius siswa, dan apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pengembangan karakter religius siswa di MTS Nurul Huda Mendalo Darat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Dalam Pengembangan Karakter Religius Siswa Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Huda Mendalo Darat telah berjalan, namun belum begitu efektif dalam pelaksanaannya, Namun daripada itu, tujuan guru membuat peraturan dan kebijakan semata-mata selain untuk membangun karakter yang religius juaga untuk kedisiplinan dan membentuk pribadi siswa yang bertanggung jawab untuk dirinya dan lingkungan sekitar

Matched Pair Calibration for Ranking Fairness

We propose a test of fairness in score-based ranking systems called matched pair calibration. Our approach constructs a set of matched item pairs with minimal confounding differences between subgroups before computing an appropriate measure of ranking error over the set. The matching step ensures that we compare subgroup outcomes between identically scored items so that measured performance differences directly imply unfairness in subgroup-level exposures. We show how our approach generalizes the fairness intuitions of calibration from a binary classification setting to ranking and connect our approach to other proposals for ranking fairness measures. Moreover, our strategy shows how the logic of marginal outcome tests extends to cases where the analyst has access to model scores. Lastly, we provide an example of applying matched pair calibration to a real-word ranking data set to demonstrate its efficacy in detecting ranking bias.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure

Conceptualisation, Development, Fabrication and In Vivo Validation of a Novel Disintegration Tester for Orally Disintegrating Tablets

Disintegration time is the key critical quality attribute for a tablet classed as an Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT). The currently accepted in vitro testing regimen for ODTs is the standard United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test for disintegration of immediate release tablets, which requires a large volume along with repeated submergence of the dosage form within the disintegration medium. The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo relevant ODT disintegration test that mimicked the environment of the oral cavity, including lower volume of disintegration medium, with relevant temperature and humidity that represent the conditions of the mouth. The results showed that the newly developed Aston test was able to differentiate between different ODTs with small disintegration time windows, as well as between immediate release tablets and ODTs. The Aston test provided higher correlations between ODT properties and disintegration time compared to the USP test method and most significantly, resulted in a linear in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC) (R 2 value of 0.98) compared with a "hockey stick" profile of the USP test. This study therefore concluded that the newly developed Aston test is an accurate, repeatable, relevant and robust test method for assessing ODT disintegration time which will provide the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory authorities across the world with a pragmatic ODT testing regime