632 research outputs found

    Effet de l’Ancrage des Anticipations d’Inflation Sous le Régime Intérimaire du Taux de Change au Maroc

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    L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est de modĂ©liser les mĂ©canismes qui influent sur l'ancrage des anticipations d'inflation dans deux contextes de rĂ©gime de change distincts : le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire en cours au Maroc et un rĂ©gime de change flottant, simulĂ© Ă  travers un calibrage contrefactuel du modèle. Cette modĂ©lisation vise Ă  offrir une comprĂ©hension approfondie des facteurs sous-jacents Ă  l'effet de l'ancrage des anticipations d'inflation dans ces deux cadres, permettant ainsi d'analyser et de comparer les dynamiques Ă©conomiques associĂ©es Ă  chaque rĂ©gime. En effet, cet article dĂ©montre que, sous le rĂ©gime de change intĂ©rimaire qu’adopte le Maroc, l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, en dĂ©pit d’être un gage de la crĂ©dibilitĂ© de la politique monĂ©taire, entraine un dĂ©salignement du Dirham en termes rĂ©els suite Ă  un choc d’offre exogène. Cette causalitĂ© est dĂ©duite des rĂ©sultats des simulations effectuĂ©es dans le cadre d’un modèle d’équilibre gĂ©nĂ©ral dynamique, stochastique, semi-structurel et calibrĂ© pour le cas du Maroc. En effet, les simulations menĂ©es sous les calibrages factuel et contrefactuel permettent de graduer l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation et de scĂ©nariser les effets de propagation du choc et le processus d’ajustement macroĂ©conomique sous deux rĂ©gimes de change, intĂ©rimaire et flottant. Ce faisant, les rĂ©ponses impulsionnelles issues de ces simulations indiquent que le dĂ©salignement du taux de change rĂ©el, dont la durĂ©e s’étend sur le long terme, s’explique par la dĂ©rive du niveau gĂ©nĂ©ral des prix, observĂ©e uniquement en prĂ©sence d’un parfait ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, conjuguĂ© Ă  la politique de stabilisation du taux de change nominal sous le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire. Alors que cette dĂ©viation est compensĂ©e par une dĂ©rive consĂ©quente du taux de change nominal sous le rĂ©gime flottant, elle ne l’est point sous le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire et finit par incliner la phase de rĂ©cession et retarder la reprise Ă©conomique. Dans cette perspective, le prĂ©sent article prĂ´ne un passage vers le flottement qui soit ratifiĂ© de la crĂ©dibilitĂ© de la politique monĂ©taire, Ă  travers l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, sachant que cet ancrage produit un effet rĂ©cessif dans le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire.   The objective of this research work is to model the mechanisms that influence the anchoring of inflation expectations in two distinct exchange rate regime contexts: the current interim regime in Morocco and a floating exchange rate regime, simulated through a counterfactual calibration of the model. This modeling aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the factors underlying the effect of anchoring inflation expectations in these two frameworks, thus making it possible to analyze and compare the economic dynamics associated with each regime. In fact, this article demonstrates that, under the interim regime adopted by Morocco, the anchoring of inflation expectations, despite being a guarantee of the credibility of monetary policy, leads to a misalignment of the real exchange rate following a supply shock. This causality is deduced from the simulations within the framework of a dynamic, stochastic, semi-structural general equilibrium model calibrated for the case of Morocco. Indeed, the simulations carried out under the factual and counterfactual calibrations make it possible to graduate inflation expectations anchoring and to script the propagation of the shock and the macroeconomic adjustment process under two exchange rate regimes. The impulse responses resulting from these simulations indicate that the misalignment of the Dirham in real terms, the duration of which extends over the long term, is explained by the drift in the general price level observed only in the presence of a perfect anchoring of inflation expectations, combined with the policy of stabilizing the nominal exchange rate under the interim regime. While this deviation is offset by a significant drift in the nominal exchange rate under the floating regime, it is not offset under the interim regime and ends up tilting the recession phase and delaying economic recovery. From this perspective, this article advocates a move towards floating which is ratified by the credibility of monetary policy, through the anchoring of inflation expectations, knowing that this anchoring produces a recessive effect in the interim regime

    L’Effet Récessif de l’Ancrage des Anticipations d’Inflation sous le Régime Intérimaire du Taux de Change au Maroc

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    Cet article dĂ©montre que, sous le rĂ©gime de change intĂ©rimaire qu’adopte le Maroc, l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, en dĂ©pit d’être un gage de la crĂ©dibilitĂ© de la politique monĂ©taire, entraine un dĂ©salignement du Dirham en termes rĂ©els suite Ă  un choc d’offre exogène. Cette causalitĂ© est dĂ©duite des rĂ©sultats des simulations effectuĂ©es dans le cadre d’un modèle d’équilibre gĂ©nĂ©ral dynamique, stochastique, semi-structurel et calibrĂ© pour le cas du Maroc. En effet, les simulations menĂ©es sous les calibrages factuel et contrefactuel permettent de graduer l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation et de scĂ©nariser les effets de propagation du choc et le processus d’ajustement macroĂ©conomique sous deux rĂ©gimes de change, intĂ©rimaire et flottant. Ce faisant, les rĂ©ponses impulsionnelles issues de ces simulations indiquent que le dĂ©salignement du taux de change rĂ©el, dont la durĂ©e s’étend sur le long terme, s’explique par la dĂ©rive du niveau gĂ©nĂ©ral des prix observĂ©e uniquement en prĂ©sence d’un parfait ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, conjuguĂ© Ă  la politique de stabilisation du taux de change nominal sous le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire. Alors que cette dĂ©rive est compensĂ©e par une dĂ©rive consĂ©quente du taux de change nominal sous le rĂ©gime flottant, elle ne l’est point sous le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire et finit par incliner la phase de rĂ©cession et retarder la reprise Ă©conomique. Dans cette perspective, le prĂ©sent article prĂ´ne un passage vers le flottement qui soit ratifiĂ© de la crĂ©dibilitĂ© de la politique monĂ©taire, Ă  travers l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, sachant que cet ancrage produit un effet rĂ©cessif dans le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire.   This article demonstrates that, under the interim regime adopted by Morocco, the anchoring of inflation expectations, despite being a guarantee of the credibility of monetary policy, leads to a misalignment of the real exchange rate following a supply shock. This causality is deduced from the simulations within the framework of a dynamic, stochastic, semi-structural general equilibrium model calibrated for the case of Morocco. Indeed, the simulations carried out under the factual and counterfactual calibrations make it possible to graduate inflation expectations anchoring and to script the propagation of the shock and the macroeconomic adjustment process under two exchange rate regimes. The impulse responses resulting from these simulations indicate that the misalignment of the Dirham in real terms, the duration of which extends over the long term, is explained by the drift in the general price level observed only in the presence of a perfect anchoring of inflation expectations, combined with the policy of stabilizing the nominal exchange rate under the interim regime. While this drift is offset by a significant drift in the nominal exchange rate under the floating regime, it is not offset under the interim regime and ends up tilting the recession phase and delaying economic recovery. From this perspective, this article advocates a move towards floating which is ratified by the credibility of monetary policy, through the anchoring of inflation expectations, knowing that this anchoring produces a recessive effect in the interim regime

    L’Effet Récessif de l’Ancrage des Anticipations d’Inflation sous le Régime Intérimaire du Taux de Change au Maroc

    Get PDF
    Cet article dĂ©montre que, sous le rĂ©gime de change intĂ©rimaire qu’adopte le Maroc, l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, en dĂ©pit d’être un gage de la crĂ©dibilitĂ© de la politique monĂ©taire, entraine un dĂ©salignement du Dirham en termes rĂ©els suite Ă  un choc d’offre exogène. Cette causalitĂ© est dĂ©duite des rĂ©sultats des simulations effectuĂ©es dans le cadre d’un modèle d’équilibre gĂ©nĂ©ral dynamique, stochastique, semi-structurel et calibrĂ© pour le cas du Maroc. En effet, les simulations menĂ©es sous les calibrages factuel et contrefactuel permettent de graduer l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation et de scĂ©nariser les effets de propagation du choc et le processus d’ajustement macroĂ©conomique sous deux rĂ©gimes de change, intĂ©rimaire et flottant. Ce faisant, les rĂ©ponses impulsionnelles issues de ces simulations indiquent que le dĂ©salignement du taux de change rĂ©el, dont la durĂ©e s’étend sur le long terme, s’explique par la dĂ©rive du niveau gĂ©nĂ©ral des prix observĂ©e uniquement en prĂ©sence d’un parfait ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, conjuguĂ© Ă  la politique de stabilisation du taux de change nominal sous le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire. Alors que cette dĂ©rive est compensĂ©e par une dĂ©rive consĂ©quente du taux de change nominal sous le rĂ©gime flottant, elle ne l’est point sous le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire et finit par incliner la phase de rĂ©cession et retarder la reprise Ă©conomique. Dans cette perspective, le prĂ©sent article prĂ´ne un passage vers le flottement qui soit ratifiĂ© de la crĂ©dibilitĂ© de la politique monĂ©taire, Ă  travers l’ancrage des anticipations d’inflation, sachant que cet ancrage produit un effet rĂ©cessif dans le rĂ©gime intĂ©rimaire.   This article demonstrates that, under the interim regime adopted by Morocco, the anchoring of inflation expectations, despite being a guarantee of the credibility of monetary policy, leads to a misalignment of the real exchange rate following a supply shock. This causality is deduced from the simulations within the framework of a dynamic, stochastic, semi-structural general equilibrium model calibrated for the case of Morocco. Indeed, the simulations carried out under the factual and counterfactual calibrations make it possible to graduate inflation expectations anchoring and to script the propagation of the shock and the macroeconomic adjustment process under two exchange rate regimes. The impulse responses resulting from these simulations indicate that the misalignment of the Dirham in real terms, the duration of which extends over the long term, is explained by the drift in the general price level observed only in the presence of a perfect anchoring of inflation expectations, combined with the policy of stabilizing the nominal exchange rate under the interim regime. While this drift is offset by a significant drift in the nominal exchange rate under the floating regime, it is not offset under the interim regime and ends up tilting the recession phase and delaying economic recovery. From this perspective, this article advocates a move towards floating which is ratified by the credibility of monetary policy, through the anchoring of inflation expectations, knowing that this anchoring produces a recessive effect in the interim regime

    Análisis de fracturas geológicas extraídas por teledetección en imágenes Landsat TM, ejemplo de la zona de Imilchil-Tounfite (Alto Atlas central, Marruecos)

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    The use of remote sensing, in this research, can be summarized in mapping and statistical studies of lineaments on the satellites images of the Jurassic outcrops in the Imilchil-Tounfite area, Central High Atlas of Morocco. This is to apply various manual techniques for extracting lineaments from Landsat TM image. Analytical techniques used in this work are: the principal component analysis (PCA) applied to selective bands of the visible and infrared, which allows creating new images with better visual interpretation. Directional filters N0°, N45°, N90°, and N135° with a 5.5 matrix were used to enhance lineaments in the corresponding perpendicular directions, and therefore to obtain a good discrimination of those structures. Preliminary results highlight a dominant geological fracturing trending ENE/WSW with 52% of the total lineaments, a second fracture trending is WNW/ESE at 23%, a third fracture series trending NE/SW with 20% and finally, a minor series of fractures trending NW/SE with 5% of the total lineaments. Distribution and statistical relationship, between fractures and the affected surface on the one hand and the fracture length on the other hand, shows a network of well-structured fractures. The final lineament map constitutes a contribution to complete the geology and assisting the mining and hydrogeological prospection, in the Imilchil-Tounfite area.En este trabajo se han aplicado metódos estadísticos de datos obtenidos por teledetección, para la cartografía de lineamientos en afloramientos del Jurásico en la zona de Imilchil-Tounfite, Alto Atlas Central de Marruecos. Las técnicas analíticas utilizadas incluyen el análisis de componentes principales (PCA) aplicado a las bandas visible y infrarrojos, que permite crear nuevas imágenes con una mejor interpretación visual, y filtros direccionales N0°, N45°, N90° y N135° con una matriz de 5.5 para mejorar rasgos en las direcciones perpendiculares correspondientes y obtener una buena discriminación de esas estructuras. Los resultados preliminares ponen de manifiesto una fractura geológica dominante de tendencia ENE-SW con un 52% del total de lineamientos, una segunda tendencia ONO-S (23%), una tercera serie de fracturas orientada NE-SW (20%) y, por último, una serie de menor importancia de fracturas tendencia NW-SE (5%). Las relaciones estadísticas entre las fracturas y la superficie afectada por un lado y la longitud de la fractura, por otra parte, muestra una red de fracturación bien estructurada. El mapa final de lineamientos constituye una contribución para completar la geología de la zona y como ayuda a las prospecciones mineras e hidrogeológicas en la zona de Imilchil-Tounfite

    Impact du zooplancton métazoaire sur le phytoplancton et les protozoaires ciliés dans le réservoir Sahela (Maroc)

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    L'impact du zooplancton métazoaire sur le phytoplancton et les protozoaires ciliés a été mesuré durant la période de juillet à décembre 1999 dans le réservoir Sahela sous climat méditerranéen semi-aride.Les expériences ont été réalisées à l'aide de chambres de diffusion immergées in situ pendant 7 heures en absence (chambres témoins) et en présence (chambres expérimentales) du zooplancton.Les résultats indiquent que la mortalité moyenne à 4 m des algues est de 0,13 + 0,03 h-1, et celle des protozoaires ciliés de 0,07 + 0,03 h-1. Cryptomonas ovata et Halteria grandinella ont subi la plus forte prédation, respectivement, 0,31 + 0,14 h-1 et 0,11 + 0,04 h-1 à 4 m. Toutefois, les algues de grande taille (Pediastrum sp, Ceratium hirundinella et Peridinium cinctum) n'ont été que très peu ou pas consommées.The Sahela reservoir, located in Taounate at 90 km from Fès, lying at an altitude of 325 m, was built to provide drinking water for the population of Taounate and to contribute to irrigate neighbouring farming perimeters.In order to assess the impact of metazoan zooplankton on phytoplankton and protozoan ciliates in the Sahela reservoir under semi-arid climate, we conducted experiments during the period from July to December 1999 at the deepest point in the lake (15 m).Sampling and measurements were carried out in diffusion chambers submerged in situ over a period of 7 h without (control chambers) and with (experimental chambers) zooplankton. During these experiments, counts were conducted on phytoplankton and ciliates to determine the abundance and the mortality of these organisms due to zooplankton in each diffusion chambers at t=0 and t=7 h incubation. The metazooplankton were counted and dry weight of each taxa was calculated.In summer the highest zooplankton biomass (150 µg·L-1) mainly composed of cyclopoid Tropocyclops prasinus, caused mortality of the small-sized ciliates, such as Halteria grandinella (0.10 h-1). In Autumn, the zooplankton biomass (75 µg·l-1), dominated by Daphnia longispina, induced a higher mortality for phytoplankton (0.10 h-1) than for ciliates (0.05 h-1). In Winter, the zooplankton biomass (100 µg·L-1), also represented by Daphnia longispina, had a low impact on ciliate mortality (< 0.02 h-1).The study showed that a heavy predation by the metazoan zooplankton was exerted on small-sized phytoplankton and ciliates and clearly demonstrated the relationships between protozoans and metazoan zooplankton to transfering the matter and energy in aquatic food webs

    Regional Gradient Observability for Fractional Differential Equations with Caputo Time-Fractional Derivatives

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    We investigate the regional gradient observability of fractional sub-diffusion equations involving the Caputo derivative. The problem consists of describing a method to find and recover the initial gradient vector in the desired region, which is contained in the spacial domain. After giving necessary notions and definitions, we prove some useful characterizations for exact and approximate regional gradient observability. An example of a fractional system that is not (globally) gradient observable but it is regionally gradient observable is given, showing the importance of regional analysis. Our characterization of the notion of regional gradient observability is given for two types of strategic sensors. The recovery of the initial gradient is carried out using an expansion of the Hilbert Uniqueness Method. Two illustrative examples are given to show the application of the developed approach. The numerical simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm is effective in terms of the reconstruction error.Comment: This is a 22 pages preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is published in 'Int. J. Dyn. Control' (ISSN 2195-268X). Submitted 11/July/2022; Revised 07/Nov/22; and Accepted 26/Dec/202
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