Utility of EST-SNP Markers for Improving Management and Use of Olive Genetic Resources: A Case Study at the Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba

Olive, the emblematic Mediterranean fruit crop, owns a great varietal diversity, which is maintained in ex situ field collections, such as the World Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba (WOGBC), Spain. Accurate identification of WOGBC, one of the world’s largest collections, is essential for efficient management and use of olive germplasm. The present study is the first report of the use of a core set of 96 EST-SNP markers for the fingerprinting of 1273 accessions from 29 countries, including both field and new acquired accessions. The EST-SNP fingerprinting made possible the accurate identification of 668 different genotypes, including 148 detected among the new acquired accessions. Despite the overall high genetic diversity found at WOGBC, the EST-SNPs also revealed the presence of remarkable redundant germplasm mostly represented by synonymy cases within and between countries. This finding, together with the presence of homonymy cases, may reflect a continuous interchange of olive cultivars, as well as a common and general approach for their naming. The structure analysis revealed a certain geographic clustering of the analysed germplasm. The EST-SNP panel under study provides a powerful and accurate genotyping tool, allowing for the foundation of a common strategy for efficient safeguarding and management of olive genetic resources.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Utility of EST-SNP Markers for Improving Management and Use of Olive Genetic Resources: A Case Study at the Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba

Olive, the emblematic Mediterranean fruit crop, owns a great varietal diversity, which is maintained in ex situ field collections, such as the World Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba (WOGBC), Spain. Accurate identification of WOGBC, one of the world’s largest collections, is essential for efficient management and use of olive germplasm. The present study is the first report of the use of a core set of 96 EST-SNP markers for the fingerprinting of 1273 accessions from 29 countries, including both field and new acquired accessions. The EST-SNP fingerprinting made possible the accurate identification of 668 different genotypes, including 148 detected among the new acquired accessions. Despite the overall high genetic diversity found at WOGBC, the EST-SNPs also revealed the presence of remarkable redundant germplasm mostly represented by synonymy cases within and between countries. This finding, together with the presence of homonymy cases, may reflect a continuous interchange of olive cultivars, as well as a common and general approach for their naming. The structure analysis revealed a certain geographic clustering of the analysed germplasm. The EST-SNP panel under study provides a powerful and accurate genotyping tool, allowing for the foundation of a common strategy for efficient safeguarding and management of olive genetic resources.EEA San JuanFil: Belaj, Angjelina. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; EspañaFil: Ninot, Antònia . IRTA; EspañaFil: Gómez-Gálvez, Francisco J. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; EspañaFil: El Riachy, Milad. LARI. Department of Olive and Olive Oil; LíbanoFil: Gurbuz-Veral, Melek. Olive Research Institute. Department of Breeding and Genetics; TurquíaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lazaj, Adhurim. Qendra e Transferimit te Teknologjise Bujqesore; AlbaniaFil: Klepo, Tatjana.Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food. Center of Pomology; CroaciaFil: Paz, Sergio. Servicio de Transferencia de Tecnología Conselleria de Agricultura, Desarrollo Rural, Emergencia Climática y Transición Ecológica; EspañaFil: Ugarte, Javier. Gobierno de La Rioja. Servicio de Investigación Agraria y Sanidad Vegetal; EspañaFil: Baldoni, Luciana. National Research Council. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Lorite, Ignacio J. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; EspañaFil: Šatović, Zlatko .University of Zagreb. Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; CroaciaFil: Šatović, Zlatko. Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv); CroaciaFil: de la Rosa, Raúl . Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; Españ

Plasticity of fruit and oil traits in olive among diferent environments

Olive is a long-living perennial species with a wide geographical distribution, showing a large genetic and phenotypic variation in its growing area. There is an urgent need to uncover how olive phenotypic traits and plasticity can change regardless of the genetic background. A two-year study was conducted, based on the analysis of fruit and oil traits of 113 cultivars from fve germplasm collections established in Mediterranean Basin countries and Argentina. Fruit and oil traits plasticity, broad‐sense heritability and genotype by environment interaction were estimated. From variance and heritability analyses, it was shown that fruit fresh weight was mainly under genetic control, whereas oleic/(palmitic+linoleic) acids ratio was regulated by the environment and genotype by environment interaction had the major efect on oil content. Among the studied cultivars, diferent level of stability was observed, which allowed ranking the cultivars based on their plasticity for oil traits. High thermal amplitude, the diference of low and high year values of temperature, negatively afected the oil content and the oleic acid percentage. Information derived from this work will help to direct the selection of cultivars with the highest global ftness averaged over the environments rather than the highest ftness in each environment separately.EEA San JuanFil: Mousavi, Soraya. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Mousavi, Soraya. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: De la Rosa, Raúl. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA). - Centro Alameda del Obispo; EspañaFil: Moukhli, Abdelmajid. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique( CRRA); MarruecosFil: El Riachy, Milad. Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI); LíbanoFil: Mariotti, Roberto. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Stanzione, Vitale. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: Mastio, Valerio. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: Zaher, Hayat. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique; MarruecosFil: El Antari, Abderraouf. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique; MarruecosFil: Ayoub, Salam. National Agricultural Research Center (NARC); JordaniaFil: Dandachi, Faten. Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI); LíbanoFil: Youssef, Hiyam. Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI); LíbanoFil: Aggelou, Nikolas. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh). Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology; GreciaFil: Contreras Valetín, Ana Cibeles. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Contreras Valetín, Ana Cibeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBV); ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Belaj, Angjelina. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA). - Centro Alameda del Obispo; EspañaFil: Bufacchi, Marina. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: Baldoni, Luciana. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: León, Lorenzo. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA). - Centro Alameda del Obispo; Españ

First record of Olive Pyralid Moth, Euzophera pinguis (Haworth, 1811) on olive trees in Lebanon (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

Olive tree, Olea europaea L., is one of the oldest and the most important cultivated tree in Lebanon. However, olive production is affected by several pests and diseases, mainly the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) and the peacock spot caused by the ascomycetous fungus Spilocaea oleagina (Castagne) S. Hughes. In September 2015, swelling and cracking of olive tree barks were observed in the region of Hasbaya and West Bekaa. Examination of infected trees showed larvae of Olive Pyralid Moth Euzophera pinguis (Haworth) burrowing into bark and branches. The survey conducted in these two regions shows that this pest is well established in Hasbaya, while no other infection is reported in West Bekaa. E. pinguis is a new invasive pest on olive trees in Lebanon and the potential risk to disseminate to other areas of olive production is very high.Premier signalement de la Pyrale des troncs de l’olivier, Euzophera pinguis (Haworth, 1811) au Liban (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). L’oléiculture est l’une des cultures les plus anciennes et la plus importante au Liban. Cependant, la production des olives est menacée par plusieurs ravageurs et maladies, principalement la Mouche de l’olive Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) et l’ OEil de paon, maladie provoquée par le champignon Ascomycète Spilocaea oleagina (Castagne) S. Hughes, causant des pertes économiques très importantes. En septembre 2015, un nouveau ravageur, Euzophera pinguis (Haworth), la Pyrale des troncs de l’olivier, a été détecté pour la première fois dans les régions de Hasbaya et de Bekaa-Ouest. Les chenilles de ce ravageur invasif ont creusé des galeries dans l’écorce des troncs et des branches entraînant le dépérissement des arbres infectés. La surveillance effectuée dans ces deux régions a montré que l’insecte est bien installé à Hasbaya alors qu’aucune nouvelle infestation est signalée à Bekaa-Ouest. E. pinguis est un nouveau ravageur pour les oliveraies libanaises et le risque potentiel d’extension à d’autres régions est très élevé.Moussa Zinette, Choueiri Elia, Youssef Amira, El Riachy Milad. First record of Olive Pyralid Moth, Euzophera pinguis (Haworth, 1811) on olive trees in Lebanon (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 122 (1),2017. pp. 57-60

Chemical and Sensorial Characteristics of Olive Oil Produced from the Lebanese Olive Variety ‘Baladi’

The olive oil quality, nutritional and sensorial characteristics are associated with the chemical composition, which is the result of a complex interaction between several environmental, agronomical and technological factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of the geographical origin, harvesting time and processing system on the chemical composition and sensorial characteristics of olive oils produced from the Lebanese olive ‘Baladi’. Samples (n = 108) were collected from North and South Lebanon, at three different harvesting times and from four processing systems. Results showed a strong effect of origin, processing system and harvest time on oil quality, fatty acid composition, total phenols and OSI. The early harvest showed higher total phenols content (220.02 mg GAE/Kg) and higher OSI (9.19 h). Moreover, samples obtained from sinolea and 3-phases recorded the lowest free acidity (0.36% and 0.64%), and the highest OSI (9.87 and 9.84 h). Consumers were not unanimous regarding the studied factors, although samples recording high ranks were mostly from South using sinolea, 3-phases and press systems at early and intermediate harvest. The overall findings suggest that the selection of the harvesting time and of the processing system could have significant influence on the characteristics of the olive oil

Influence of geographical origin, harvesting time and processing system on the characteristics of olive-mill wastewater: A step toward reducing the environmental impact of the olive oil sector

The olive oil production sector generates considerable quantities of liquid by-products (olive-mill wastewater, OMWW) which, if left untreated, can cause detrimental environmental impacts. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the Lebanese geographical origin, harvesting time and processing system and their interactions on the chemical and biological characteristics of these by-products.  The results showed that the interaction of all the three studied factors on the chemical composition of OMWW, were highly significant (p<0.001). Furthermore, all the OMWW could be considered as a rich source of natural phenolic and antioxidant compounds. The average Total Phenolic Content in OMWW samples was 807.56 GAE/ kg with significantly higher values for OMWW obtained from the North (1027.7 GAE/ kg) at early harvest (1024.00 GAE/ kg) and using press system (1036.13 GAE/ kg) as compared to the other samples from the South, intermediate and late harvesting time using 3-phases and Sinolea (p<0.05). The overall results of this study shed light on the need to establish a sustainable means of treating the liquid effluents of olive mills. The results can help prioritize the regions in most need for a treatment system based on the values reported, while redirecting our attention to the possibility of valorizing the phenolic contents as potent raw material rather than pollutants, in an aim to enhance sustainable agriculture and help achieve (sustainable development goal) SDG6 for improved water quality by 2030.Open Access funding was provided by the Qatar National Library

Xylella fastidiosa Does Not Occur in Lebanon

Xylella fastidiosa has been reported as responsible for a devastating disease on olive trees in Apulia region (south-eastern Italy), characterized by a quick decline syndrome. In Lebanon, the pathogen was recently associated with leaf scorch symptoms on oleander, and reports on leaf scorch and dieback of olive trees branches by technicians and farmers have shown an increasing trend in the main agricultural areas. To assess the occurrence and distribution of the pathogen in Lebanon, samples of twigs from olive trees (82), olive seedlings (26), grapevine (30), oleander (32) and ornamentals imported from Italy (48) were analysed by isolation on four agarized media, serological techniques (ELISA and DTBIA) using Xylella fastidiosa -specific antibodies and by PCR, using three specific sets of primers. Results unequivocally demonstrated that all the collected samples were free from the pathogen. As well, both detection protocols and attempts at isolating the pathogen on agarized media demonstrated that oleander samples gathered from American University campus in Beirut, where X. fastidiosa was previously reported, were not infected. Nevertheless, continuous monitoring and rigorous control measures of propagative materials are necessary to prevent the introduction of Xylella fastidiosa in Lebanon

Seasonal variation of mercury concentration of ancient olive groves of Lebanon

International audienc

A Hot Spot of Olive Biodiversity in the Tunisian Oasis of Degache

Tunisia is one of the world&rsquo;s largest producers of olive oil, and it preserves pools of olive genetic diversity that are still unexplored. A recent prospection and collection program of the National Gene Bank of Tunisia (NGBT) focused on the vast oasis of Degache, in the south west part of Tunisia, where 47 samples were collected and genetically characterized through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Identification and authentication of genotypes were obtained through comparison with reference cultivars belonging to the Olive National Collection of Tunisia (IOC) and with cultivars from Algeria, Italia, Syria and Lebanon. Degache olive genotypes showed large genetic variability, a significant diversity from the reference germplasm, and a clear differentiation from modern varieties. The population structure analysis identified four gene pools characterizing genotypes from different area of origin. Two gene pools appear to be more represented in germplasm from southern Tunisia, where environmental conditions at critical plant development phases, are harsher. This suggests that this germplasm might present traits of adaptation useful for breeding to improve resilience to abiotic stresses. Our results will support ex situ and in situ conservation activities of Tunisian olive germplasm pursued by the National Gene Bank of Tunisia