The Removal of Phenol Through Adsorption onto Synthetic Calcium Phosphates – A Study Encompassing Analyses of Kinetics and Thermodynamics

The characteristics and suitability of hydroxyapatite (HAP), tricalcium apatite phosphate (PTCa), and octocalcium apatite phosphate (OCPa), which possess similar attributes to those of an ideal adsorbent, were investigated to determine their efficacy in phenol removal. The aim of this paper is to assess the adsorption behavior of phenol on phosphates powders synthesized by the co-precipitation method at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the impact of initial phenol quantities and thermal conditions on the adsorption process was explored. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of HAP, PTCa, and OCPa structures under room temperature conditions. The sample morphologies were subjected to scrutiny utilizing MEB together with X-ray analysis. Additionally, chemical analysis revealed that Ca/P = 1.6, 1.5, and 1.33 for HAP, PTCa, and OCPa, respectively. The synthesized powders exhibited adsorption abilities of 2.86, 2.74, and 2.52 mg/g for HAP, PTCa, and OCPa, respectively, and reached equilibrium in approximately 80 minutes. The study revealed that the experimental data are appropriately represented by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations for HAP and PTCa, and Langmuir model in the case of OCPa, as well as by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. Thermodynamic evaluations, including calculations of ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, were performed. The results indicated that the adsorption mechanisms exhibited physical characteristics, were thermally absorbing in the case of HAP and exothermic for the other two phosphates, PTCa and OCPa, and occurred spontaneously

Adsorption/desorption of Direct Yellow 28 on apatitic phosphate: Mechanism, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In this study, the adsorption potential of apatitic tricalcium phosphate for the removal of Direct Yellow 28 (DY28) from aqueous solution has been investigated by using batch mode experiments. The effects of different parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, addition of ions and temperature have been studied to understand the adsorption behavior of the adsorbent under various conditions. The adsorbent has been characterized by pHzpc measurement, chemical analyses, FTIR, XRD and TEM. The Langmuir and Freundlich models are found to be the best to describe the equilibrium isotherm data, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 67.02 mg g−1. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy ΔG, enthalpy ΔH, and entropy ΔS have revealed that the adsorption of DY28 on the apatitic tricalcium phosphate is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Among the kinetic models tested for apatitic tricalcium phosphate, the pseudo-second-order model fits the kinetic data well. The introduction of orthophosphate ions in the medium causes a decrease of adsorption. The addition of Ca2+ ions favors the adsorption. The results of this study have demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of the apatitic tricalcium phosphate for the removal of DY28 from aqueous solution

Interaction of adsorption of reactive yellow 4 from aqueous solutions onto synthesized calcium phosphate

The interaction of reactive yellow 4 with Apatitic Tricalcium Phosphate (PTCa) has been investigated in aqueous medium to understand the mechanism of adsorption and explore the potentiality of this phosphate toward controlling pollution resulting from textile dyes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrates that the adsorbent is composed of needle-like nanoparticles and the SAED pattern exhibits spotted sharp and continuous rings that evidence polycrystalline grains. X-ray diffraction results showed that, the crystallinity of the dye decreased after interaction with RY4 indicatating incorporation of the dye into the micropores and macropores of the adsorbent. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate that the adsorption is due to the electrostatic interaction between the –SO3- groups of dye and the surface of the Phosphate. The desorption efficiency was very high at about 99.4%. The presence of calcium ions favored the adsorption of the dye, while the phosphate ions inhibited it

Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by adsorption on hydroxyapatite (HAp) using response surface methodology

A study on the adsorption of fluoride onto hydroxyapatite was conducted and the process parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Hydroxyapatite has been characterized by using different physicochemical methods. In order to determine the effects of process parameters namely temperature (20–40 °C), initial solution pH (4–11), adsorbent dose (0.1–0.3 g) and initial fluoride concentration (10–20 mg L−1) on fluoride uptake from aqueous solution, a three-level, four-factor, Box–Behnken design has been employed. The second order mathematical model was developed by regression analysis of the experimental data obtained from 29 batch runs. The optimum pH, temperature, adsorbent dose and initial concentration were found by desirability function to be 4.16, 39.02 °C, 0.28 g and 20 mg L−1, respectively. Fluoride removal was 86.34% at the optimum combination of process parameters. Dynamic adsorption data were applied to pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations. The time data fitted well to pseudo second order kinetic model. According to the correlation coefficients, the adsorption of fluoride on the hydroxyapatite was correlated well with the Langmuir and Freundlich models