On J. Nagata's universal spaces

AbstractThe main result of this paper is the following extension of an embedding theorem by Nagata: given a sequence of zero-dimensional sets X1,X2,… in a metrizable space X of weight τ⩾ℵ0, the set of homeomorphic embeddings h of X into S(τ)ℵ0, satisfying h(Xn)⊂Kn-1(τ) for n= 1,2,…, is dense in the function space of all continuous mappings of X into S(τ)ℵ0, where Kn(τ) is the n-dimensional universal Nagata's space in the countable product of the star-space S(τ) of weight τ. This seems to be a new result even in the separable case τ=χ0 and provides in particular an answer to a question asked by Kuratowski (see Remark 2.6 for the details)

On Bing points in infinite-dimensional hereditarily indecomposable continua

AbstractLet B∞(X) be the complement of the union of all non-trivial finite-dimensional continua in the infinite-dimensional hereditarily indecomposable continuum X, i.e., the set of Bing points in X. We construct examples showing that for countable-dimensional continua X, the variety of types of B∞(X) is much greater than in the case of the set of Bing points in the finite-dimensional case investigated in [R. Pol, M. Reńska, Preprint]. A hereditarily indecomposable continuum X is constructed such that X is not strongly infinite-dimensional, but B∞(X) has this property

Towards Multiple, Sustained, and Indirect Actions

The EU is increasingly concerned with the diffusion and uncertainty of risks and threats in the neighbourhood, and resilience appears as a useful and pragmatic policy framework to address risks in areas of limited statehood and contested orders. The working paper draws from extensive report analysis and semi-structured interviews with EU officials to examine the diplomatic, economic, and military instruments that the EU mobilizes in a resilience-informed external action. The main contribution is that these instruments are increasingly facilitating resilience through multiple, long-term, and indirect actions. First, instruments have expanded and diversified to undertake as many different actions as possible. Second, they are sustained over long periods of time, even when there are no risks or threats or after peace and stability have been reached. Third, since resilience emerges “from below”, building on societies’ own resources and tools, EU instruments facilitate resilience indirectly, through constant engagement in the neighbourhood

Immunogenetyczny dobór dawcy allogenicznych krwiotwórczych komórek macierzystych

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is dependent on successful search andmatching of family or unrelated donor. The search is a complex medical procedure, performedby dedicated search centers. For successful matching, fluent generation of tests’ results and perfect information flow is crucial and it must be strictly coordinated between the patient,transplant center, donor registries, donor centers, laboratories and a national hub. Efficientand persistently managed donor search procedure can be currently successful for as much as85% of patients. Immunogenetic match is depended on amino acid sequence of human leukocyteantigens (HLA) molecules (phenotype) being in turn determined by the donor and recipientgenotypes at DNA level. Chief measure of transplant outcome is overall survival of transplantedpatients that is influenced by the level of HLA match and some biological features of the donor,such as age, sex, number of transfusions and pregnancies, CMV infection status, and a numberof transplanted stem cells, between else. Transplantation in remission of disease is also highlyrelevant measure of transplant success and it is strongly dependent on the diagnosis, timing ofthe initial transplantation decision, availability of suitable donor, efficiency of donor matching,and recognition of week and strong points of donor-recipient matching system. In this articlecurrent immunogenetics, biology and organization determinants and requirements of stem celldonor-recipient matching system have been presented.Allogeniczne przeszczepienie krwiotwórczych komórek macierzystych jest poprzedzone procedurądoboru rodzinnego lub niespokrewnionego dawcy. Dobór niespokrewnionego dawcy jestzłożoną procedurą medyczną wykonywaną przez wyspecjalizowany ośrodek doboru dawców,wymagającą koordynacji badań i przepływu informacji między ośrodkiem leczącym chorego,ośrodkiem transplantacyjnym, rejestrami i ośrodkami dawców szpiku, laboratoriami orazkrajowym rejestrem centralnym. Sprawny i stale nadzorowany przepływ informacji umożliwiaobecnie dobranie optymalnego pod względem immunogenetycznym i biologicznym dawcy dlaokoło 85% potrzebujących chorych. Immunogenetyczna zgodność dawcy z biorcą jest warunkowanasekwencją aminokwasów w cząsteczkach ludzkich antygenów leukocytarnych (HLA)mającą swe odzwierciedlenie w genotypach dawcy i biorcy badanych na poziomie DNA. Najistotniejszymwskaźnikiem oceny przebiegu potransplantacyjnego jest całkowity czas przeżyciachorych, który zależy od stopnia zgodności HLA, jak również od cech biologicznych dawcy(wiek, płeć, liczba ciąż i przetoczeń preparatów krwiopochodnych, status CMV itp.) i liczbyprzeszczepionych komórek krwiotwórczych. Istotnym wyznacznikiem sukcesu transplantacjijest wykonanie przeszczepienia w remisji choroby, na co wpływają rozpoznanie choroby, terminpodjęcia decyzji o wszczęciu procedury transplantacyjnej, dostępność zgodnego dawcyi sprawność przeprowadzenia procedury doboru, a także znajomość mocnych stron i ograniczeńsystemu doboru dawcy. W pracy przedstawiono aktualne immunogenetyczne, biologicznei organizacyjne uwarunkowania doboru dawcy komórek krwiotwórczych do transplantacji

Role of Donor Activating KIR–HLA Ligand–Mediated NK Cell Education Status in Control of Malignancy in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

AbstractSome cancers treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are sensitive to natural killer cell (NK) reactivity. NK function depends on activating and inhibitory receptors and is modified by NK education/licensing effect and mediated by coexpression of inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and its corresponding HLA I ligand. We assessed activating KIR (aKIR)-based HLA I–dependent education capacity in donor NKs in 285 patients with hematological malignancies after HSCT from unrelated donors. We found significantly adverse progression-free survival (PFS) and time to progression (TTP) in patients who received transplant from donors with NKs educated by C1:KIR2DS2/3, C2:KIR2DS1, or Bw4:KIR3DS1 pairs (for PFS: hazard ratio [HR], 1.70; P = .0020, Pcorr = .0039; HR, 1.54; P = .020, Pcorr = .039; HR, 1.51; P = .020, Pcorr = .040; and for TTP: HR, 1.82; P = .049, Pcorr = .096; HR, 1.72; P = .096, Pcorr = .18; and HR, 1.65; P = .11, Pcorr = .20, respectively). Reduced PFS and TTP were significantly dependent on the number of aKIR-based education systems in donors (HR, 1.36; P = .00031, Pcorr = .00062; and HR, 1.43; P = .019, Pcorr = .038). Furthermore, the PFS and TTP were strongly adverse in patients with missing HLA ligand cognate with educating aKIR-HLA pair in donor (HR, 3.25; P = .00022, Pcorr = .00045; and HR, 3.82; P = .027, Pcorr = .054). Together, these data suggest important qualitative and quantitative role of donor NK education via aKIR-cognate HLA ligand pairs in the outcome of HSCT. Avoiding the selection of transplant donors with high numbers of aKIR-HLA-based education systems, especially for recipients with missing cognate ligand, is advisable