The etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in people with diabetes

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are likely to develop many types of infections, which affect the transport of glucose into tissues. Diabetes increases the susceptibility to different kinds of respiratory infections, is often identified as an independent risk factor for developing lower respiratory tract infections. Pulmonary infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria and fungi may occur with an increased frequency, whereas infections due to Streptococcus pneumonia or influenza virus may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. During lung infection, there are changes in the local and ciliary epithelial lining. Increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection by people with diabetes is the result of reduced defense capability of antibodies to protein antigens. The relationship between diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis is well known, and the incidence of tuberculosis in diabetic individuals is 4−5 times greater than among the non-diabetic population. It is thought that malfunction of monocytes in patients with diabetes may contribute to the increased susceptibility to tuberculosis and/or a worse prognosis. Hospitalization of patients with diabetes due to influenza virus or flu-like infections is up to 6 times more likely to occur compared to healthy individuals, also diabetic patients are more likely to be hospitalized due to infection complications. Immunization with influenza and anti-pneumococcal vaccines is recommended to reduce hospitalizations, deaths, and medical expenses. Diabetes, especially the uncontrolled one, predisposes to fungal infection, the most common candidiasis and mucormycosis

Lęk szkolny a strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem u dzieci. Moderująca rola uogólnionego poczucia własnej skuteczności

This study aims to test whether children with diverse frequency of school anxiety differ in coping strategies and whether the general self-efficacy moderates the relationship between school anxiety and coping strategies. 105 children aged 10–13 were examined with the Anxiety School Questionnaire by L. Czyżniejewska and G. Kopinke; the Self-Efficacy Scale by Z. Juczyński; and JSR-Questionnaire by Z. Juczyński and N. Ogińska-Bulik. The results show that children with higher frequency of school anxiety more often use emotional strategy to cope with stress. The moderating effect of the general self-efficacy on the relationship between school anxiety and coping strategies is not significant

Badania akcelerometryczne wybranych punktów układu ruchu

Cel: Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie zmian przyspieszeń na różnych poziomach ciała podczas chodu. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wykorzystano trzyosiowy czujnik akcelerometryczny, który był mocowany do stóp, podudzi, kolan, ud, bioder, na wyrostkach kolczystych L3 i C7 oraz na czubku głowy badanych. W teście wzięło udział 11 zdrowych osób w wieku 18-24 lat. Badani mieli do przejścia 20 metrów z wybraną przez siebie, naturalną prędkością. Wyniki były zapisywane przez komputer w czasie rzeczywistym. Wyniki: Badanie potwierdziło zmniejszanie się amplitudy przyspieszeń w miarę wzrostu poziomu ciała. U prawie wszystkich badanych najwyższe wartości przyśpieszenia zaobserwowano na piętach. Na wyższych poziomach przyspieszenia stopniowo malały, choć wyniki były zróżnicowane indywidualnie. U połowy badanych najmniejsze wartości zostały zarejestrowane na głowie, u pozostałych na wyrostku kolczystym C7. Najwyższy procentowo stopień absorpcji drgań miał miejsce w stawie skokowym i stopie, co przypisuje się specjalnej budowie tego stawu i mechanizmowi ewersji podczas chodu. Badania potwierdziły brak symetrii między prawą i lewą stroną ciałaAim: The purpose of the paper was to determine changes in acceleration of the body parts while walking. Material and methods: A tri-axial accelerometric sensor which was fastened to the foot, shank, knee, thigh, hip, L3 and L7 spinous process or the head of the person who took part in the test was used. Eleven healthy adults aged 18-24 participated in the test. Test participants were asked to walk 20 meters at their chosen, normal speed. The results were recorded on a computer at the time of the test. Results: Tests results show that the higher the body part, the lower the amplitude of accelerations. The highest acceleration values for almost all test participants were observed at the heel level. Acceleration values gradually decreased in higher parts, though it must be noted that the results varied with regard to individual participants. As it was supposed prior to the test, in half of the participants the lowest values were the ones measured at the head level, while the other half showed lowest values in C7 spinous process. It turned out that the highest absorption rate of transient impulsive forces was in the ankle, which is considered to be the consequence of a special anatomical structure and the eversion mechanism during walking. The tests also confirmed the lack of symmetry between the right and the left side of the body

Brown adipocytes can display a mammary basal myoepithelial cell phenotype in vivo

This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB13030000) and the CAS-Novonordisk Foundation, as well as grants from the ‘1000 talents’ recruitment program, and a ‘Great-wall professorship’ from the CAS-Novonordisk Foundation all to JRS. We are grateful to all the members of Molecular Energetics Group for their support and discussion of the results. We would like to thank the Center for Biological Imaging from Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences and Professor Zhaohui Wang's Lab from Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences for confocal microscopy and the Center for Developmental Biology from Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dr. Jai from Core Facility for Protein Research from Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences for flow cytometry. We are grateful to Dr. Kuang from Purdue University and Dr. Zhu from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College for the kind donation of Myf5-Cre mice and Dr. Wolfrum from the Institute of Food Nutrition and Health at the ETH Zurich for the kind donation of the Ucp1-DTR mice. Xun Huang provided valuable comments on previous versions of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Organizacja i zarządzanie służbą meteorologiczną w Polsce

Today, climate services are one of the most important tools for determining changes and adapting to climate change. In order to expand the existing climate information, members of the WMO and partner institutions from the United Nations Organization established a programme of a Global Framework for Climate Services-GFCS. In Poland, the principal and the parent institution engaged in meteorological and hydrological service is the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute. Conducted in the IMWM-NRI National Hydrological and Meteorological Service includes the following subsystems: observation and measurement, ICT and communications, data processing, forecasting and warning. The institute continuously provides information to the state authorities and the public about the current state of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, as well as forecasts and warnings.Współcześnie usługi klimatyczne są jednym z najważniejszych narzędzi określania zmian i adaptacji do zmian klimatu. W celu poszerzenia istniejących informacji klimatycznych, członkowie WMO i instytucje partnerskie z ONZ utworzyli program Globalne Ramy Służb Klimatycznych – GFCS (Global Framework for Climate Services). W Polsce główną i nadrzędną jednostką zajmującą się służbą meteorologiczną oraz hydrologiczną jest Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Pań- stwowy Instytut Badawczy (IMGW-PIB). Prowadzona w IMGW-PIB Państwowa Służba Hydrologiczno-Meteorologiczna (PSHM) obejmuje następujące podsystemy: obserwacyjno-pomiarowy, teleinformatyczny i łączności, przetwarzania danych, prognozowania i ostrzegania. Instytut w sposób ciągły zapewnia organom państwa i społeczeństwu informacje o aktualnym stanie atmosfery i hydrosfery, a także prognozy i ostrzeżeni

Evaluation of the life quality of patients with lumbosacral spine pain performing sedentary work after using Kaltenborn-Evejth manual therapy techniques

Introduction: Pain in the lumbosacral spine is a substantial problem of modern civilization. It leads to lowering the quality of life and to the reduced functioning in social and professional context. This problem mainly affects people with sedentary work such as drivers and office workers. Long-term work in one position and a frequent lack of physical activity are two of the factors conducive to the occurrence of pain in people doing work in a sitting position. Aim of the study: To assess the influence of Kaltenborn-Evejth manual therapy techniques on the quality of life of people doing sedentary work. Material and Method: The research was carried out in the Medi-Sport Rehabilitation and Sports Center from March to October 2018. The study included 60 people doing sedentary work of which 37 were women and 23 men. The Oswestry Questionnaire was the research tool. In the study group there were 21 people aged 30-40, 23 aged 41-50 and 16 aged 51-60. Results: The use of Kaltenborn-Evejth manual therapy techniques in people doing sedentary work reduced pain in the lumbosacral spine, improved its functions, which improved the quality of life of patients. After the therapy, the severity of pain in the lumbosacral spine decreased. Conclusions: Techniques of Kaltenborn-Evejth manual therapy mobilization significantly reduce pain in the lumbosacral spine, which improves the quality of life of persons performing sedentary work. The severity of pain in the lumbosacral spine decreased after the therapy

Zasada działania i zastosowanie akcelerometrii w ocenie układu ruchu : przegląd narracyjny

Akcelerometria jest stosunkowo młodą, ale obiecującą metodą w dziedzinie badań nad chodem. Bazuje ona na zastosowaniu czujników mierzących przyspieszenie liniowe występujące w danym punkcie materialnym. Celem tego artykułu jest przegląd literatury pod kątem zastosowania tej techniki w ocenie lokomocji człowieka, zalet i wad oraz rzetelności pomiaru. Przeglądnięto prace różnych autorów i porównano ich wyniki. Badania dotyczyły wykrywania faz chodu, obliczania parametrów takich jak prędkość czy długość kroków, oceny równowagi oraz monitorowania aktywności fizycznej. W celu sprawdzenia poprawności zarejestrowanych danych, porównywano je z odczytami systemu VICON, platform dynamometrycznych oraz specjalnych elektronicznych ścieżek. Analiza literatury dostarczyła następujących wniosków. Zaletami akcelerometrii jest niski koszt urządzeń, ich niewielkie rozmiary oraz masa, a także brak ograniczenia pomiaru do wnętrza laboratorium. Wady to przede wszystkim konieczność stosowania kabli, co utrudnia długotrwały monitoring aktywności fizycznej. Metoda jest rzetelna, o ile eksperyment jest prawidłowo zaplanowany i przeprowadzony. Najważniejsze warunki to właściwe umiejscowienie czujników, zapewniające dobre przyleganie do ciała mocowanie, jak najdokładniejsze skoordynowanie osi anatomicznej z osią pomiaru oraz użycie właściwego algorytmu przetwarzania danych. Autorzy większości prac uznają akcelerometrię jako wiarygodną i przydatną metodę do oceny parametrów chodu. Obecnie akcelerometry znajdują zastosowanie głównie przy badaniu wzorca chodu i oceny dysfunkcji, jako czujniki FES u pacjentów z opadającą stopą oraz podczas oceny równowagi oraz monitorowania aktywności fizycznej.Accelerometry is a relatively new but promising method of gait examination. It is based on the usage of sensors which measure linear acceleration at a certain material point. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the subject from the point of view of applying this technique in assessing human gait, its advantages and shortcomings and the reliability of measurement. Papers by various authors have been reviewed and their results compared. Research concerned detection of the phases and events of gait, calculation of gait parameters such as speed and step length, balance evaluation and the monitoring of physical activity. In order to verify the correctness of the collected data, it was compared with the readings of the VICON system, force platforms and special electronic walkways. An analysis of the literature resulted in the following conclusions: the advantages of accelerometry is the low cost of devices, their small size and mass and measurement which is not limited to the laboratory. The disadvantage is first of all the necessity to use cables, which makes it harder to conduct the long-term monitoring of physical activity. The method is reliable if the experiment is properly planned and carried out. The most important conditions are the proper location of sensors, tight binding to the body, the most accurate alignment of the anatomical axis with the measurement axis and the usage of a proper algorithm for data processing. The authors of the majority of papers consider accelerometry to be a reliable and useful method of analyzing the parameters of gait. At present, accelerometers are used mainly for examining the model of gait and assessing dysfunctions, as sensors in FES assisted walking in patients with dropped foot and during physical activity monitoring