Ciencias Veterinarias y una salud

Las Ciencias Veterinarias son, con la Medicina Humana, pilares fundamentales de lo que se ha dado en denominar Una Salud o Una Sola Salud. En su participación en el control y prevención de enfermedades infecciosas transmisibles desde los animales al hombre de forma directa o indirectamente a través de los alimentos de origen animal (componente esencial de la Seguridad Alimentaria), igual que en otras intervenciones que afectan a la salud humana, incluso en problemas de etiología no infecciosa, las intervenciones veterinarias son un aliado y complemento ideal de la Medicina Humana. En el presente artículo, se pasa brevemente revista a algunos de los aspectos de mayor interés.Veterinary Sciences are, with Human Medicine, fundamental pillars of the concept of One Health.In this involvement of Prevention and regulation of infections transmitted disease from animals to humans of direct or indirect way from foods of animal soucer (Fundamental arregement of Food Safety) as same assistances that affect Human Health, even non-infection ethiologic problems, veterinary participations are ideal supplement and key partner for Human Medicine.In this Paper, It will be shown some important issues

Orígenes y desarrollo de la Biotecnología en León

El desarrollo alcanzado por la industria biotecnológica en León no se explicaría sin tener en cuenta el sustrato científico y empresarial sobre el que se ha asentado, integrado principalmente por una serie de empresas de índole químico-farmacéutica que contaban en León con una clara actividad industrial a mediados del siglo XX. Entre ellas ocupan un lugar destacado Laboratorios Abelló, Laboratorios Syva, Laboratorios Ovejero y Antibióticos S.A. Más adelante, en la década de los 80 y de los 90, se incorporaron el Instituto Biomar y Leonfarma, y más recientemente aún, ya en este siglo, DSM/Vitatene, Gadea Biofarma, Genhélix y Laboratorios Calier. Este desarrollo industrial ha estado acompañado por un impulso científico, en el que la institución universitaria leonesa (inicialmente formando parte de la Universidad de Oviedo, y desde 1979 como entidad independiente) ha jugado un papel muy destacado. La orientación biotecnológica de una buena parte de las áreas de conocimiento relacionadas con las Ciencias de la Vida de la ULE propició la implantación de la Licenciatura en Biotecnología hace ya diez años, así como la creación de una serie de institutos de investigación, entre los que destaca Inbiotec. Desde entonces la interacción de la Universidad de León con la industria químico-farmacéutica y biotecnológica no ha dejado de crecer y ha hecho de León un referente biotecnológico con reconocimiento nacional e internaciona

Coronavirus y murciélagos

Desde la emergencia del SARS (síndrome respiratorio agudo grave) en 2002-03 en China y, demostrada la relación etiológica con murciélagos, estos particulares ma- míferos voladores han despertado un interés inusitado por parte de los científicos e investigadores. A sus caracteres singulares del vuelo unen otros no menos impor- tantes, como sus hábitos nocturnos, ecolocalización, longevidad y su condición de reservorios de gran cantidad de virus, sobre todo ARN, que no suponen en ellos cambios clínicos, con toda probabilidad el resultado de un fenómeno de tolerancia y persistencia viral en el que están implicados mecanismos de control de la res- puesta inmunitaria innata y adaptativa muy sofisticados, capaces de mantener un estado que puede romperse en condiciones excepcionales y representar un factor de riesgo para el salto a otros animales o el hombre. En este artículo se revisa el interés particular de los coronavirus en relación con los murciélago

Value of Indirect Hemagglutination and Coagglutination Tests for Serotyping Haemophilus parasuis

P. 880-882An indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and a coagglutination test (CA) were evaluated using saline, boiled, and autoclaved extracts for serotyping Haemophilus parasuis. CA showed several cross-reactions, whereas IHA gave rise to specific reactions, with minor exceptions. IHA was further compared with the immunodiffusion test (the “gold standard”) for the serotyping of 67 field isolates. As a conclusion, IHA is recommended as a useful method for sensitive and specific serotyping of H. parasuisS

Evaluation of different API systems for identification of porcine Pasteurella multocida isolates

4 p.An exhaustive biochemical characterisation of 60 porcine Pasteurella multocida clinical isolates recovered from lesions indicative of pneumonia, previously confirmed by PCR and all belonging to the capsular serogroup A, was performed by means of four commercial systems. The API 20NE correctly identified almost all isolates (95%), but only 60% could be ascribed to this species by the API 20E method. The high diversity exhibited by the API 50CHB/E system, with six different patterns, does not advise its use as additional system for a definitive identification at the species level, but this method could be a potential tool for characterising P. multocida isolates below this level. The more uniform reactions yielded by the API ZYM test make this system helpful in the confirmatory identification of this organism. The high variability (20 profiles) obtained when the four systems are taken together also suggests their usefulness for epidemiological purposes in order to sub-type P. multocida isolatesS

Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 Nagasaki strain adheres and invades PK-15 cells

7 p.Haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing Gla¨ sser’s disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis in pigs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro ability of two H. parasuis serovars of different virulence (serovar 5, Nagasaki strain, highly virulent, belonging to serovar 5, and SW114 strain, nonvirulent, belonging to serovar 3) to adhere to and invade porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15 line). Nagasaki strain was able to attach at high levels from 60 to 180 min of incubation irrespective of the concentrations compared (107–1010 CFU), and a substantial increase of surface projections could be seen in PK-15 cells by scanning electron microscopy. This virulent strain was also able to invade effectively these epithelial cells, and the highest invasion capacity was reached at 180 min of infection. On the contrary, nonvirulent SW114 strain hardly adhered to PK-15 cells, and it did not invade these cells, thus suggesting that adherence and invasion of porcine kidney epithelial cells could be a virulence mechanism involved in the lesions caused by H. parasuis Nagasaki strain in this organS

Identification and characterization of the TonB region and its role in transferrin-mediated iron acquisition in Haemophilus parasuis

12 p.Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, which is responsible for considerable economic losses in the pigrearing industry. The aim of the study reported here was the identification, sequencing and molecular characterization of the TonB region that includes tonB, exbBD, and tbpBA genes in H. parasuis. In addition, two fusion proteins were generated. One of them (pGEX-6P-1-GST-TbpB) contained the first 501 amino acids of H. parasuis TbpB protein, while the second (pBAD-Thio-TbpBV5- His) included the first 102 amino acids of H. parasuis TbpB N-terminus domain. A panel of 14 hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies was raised against the two recombinant TbpB fusion proteins. Furthermore, to assess whether the expression of the H. parasuis ExbB, TbpB, and TbpA proteins was upregulated under conditions of restricted availability of iron, a rabbit polyclonal antibody against H. parasuis TbpB-His fusion protein was produced. A rabbit polyclonal antibody against serotype 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ExbB and TbpA proteins was also used for the detection of the homologous proteins in H. parasuis. Overall, the data indicate that H. parasuis, like other members of the Pasteurellaceae family, possesses the genetic elements of the TonB region for iron acquisition and the transferrin-binding proteins encoded under this region are upregulated under restricted iron availabilityS

Characterization of a recombinant transferrin-binding proteinA (TbpA) fragment fromHaemophilus parasuis serovar 5

9 p.Haemophilus parasuis, the etiological agent of Gl¨asser’s disease in pigs, possesses iron acquisition pathways mediated by a surface receptor that specifically bind porcine transferrin. This receptor is composed of transferrin-binding protein A (TbpA) and TbpB. As it has been reported for other gram-negative organisms, H. parasuis TbpA could be useful as a candidate target for H. parasuis vaccination. In this study, a 600-bp tbpA fragment of the gene encoding TbpA from H. parasuis serovar 5, the Nagasaki strain, was amplified by PCR and cloned into a pBAD/ Thio-TOPO expression vector, generating the pBAD-Thio-TbpA-V5-His (TbpAHis) construction. Escherichia coli LMG194-competent cells were transformed with this construction, followed by the induction of protein expression with arabinose. A band (38.5 kDa) corresponding to a 200-amino acid recombinant TbpA (rTbpA) fragment was seen on the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and confirmed by immunoblotting. Polyclonal antibodies raised against this fragment were specific for H. parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, reacted at the cell surface with H. parasuis, and a significant bactericidal activity was also detected. Therefore, this rTbpA fragment induces an immunological response and might be useful as an antigen for vaccination against Gl¨asser’s diseaseS

Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Isolates from Spain

P. 702-708Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Tetracycline is used for therapy of this disease, and A. pleuropneumoniae carrying the tet(B) gene, coding for an efflux protein that reduces the intercellular tetracycline level, has been described previously. Of the 46 tetracycline-resistant (Tcr) Spanish A. pleuropneumoniae isolates used in this study, 32 (70%) carried the tet(B) gene, and 30 of these genes were associated with plasmids. Eight (17%) isolates carried the tet(O) gene, two (4%) isolates carried either the tet(H) or the tet(L) gene, and all these genes were associated with plasmids. This is the first description of these tet genes in A. pleuropneumoniae. The last two Tcr isolates carried none of the tet genes examined. Except for tet(O)-containing plasmids, the other 34 Tcr plasmids were transformable into an Escherichia coli recipient. Two plasmids were completely sequenced. Plasmid p11745, carrying the tet(B) gene, was 5,486 bp and included a rep gene, encoding a replication-related protein, and two open reading frames (ORFs) with homology to mobilization genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae plasmid pSJ7.4. Plasmid p9555, carrying the tet(L) gene, was 5,672 bp and, based on its G C content, consisted of two regions, one of putative gram-positive origin containing the tet(L) gene and the other comprising four ORFs organized in an operon-like structure with homology to mobilization genes in other plasmids of gram-negative bacteriaS