Non-Reversed Appendicostomy for Antegrade Continence Enema in the Treatment of Encopresis

Background/Purpose: Constipation in children is considered when stool frequency is less than three times per week. Encopresis represents 80-90% of children with fecal incontinence. Operative strategy for management of encopresis ranges from resectional surgery to myotomy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of non-reversed appendicostomy without antireflux mechanism for management of encopresis in children. Materials & Methods: The study included 35 patients with severe idiopathic constipation and encopresis with failure of conservative measures. They were subjected to non-reversed appendicostomy without anti-reflux procedures. Results: The incidence of complications was 22.8% and included stomal leak, stricture, retraction and granulation tissue formation. False passage during dilatation occurred in one case. Antegrade continence enema effectively controlled constipation and encopresis. Conclusion: Non-reversed appendicostomy without antireflux mechanism is safe and rapid with minimal incidence of leakage. Constipation and encopresis was effectively controlled with this simple procedure.Index Word: Constipation, encopresis, antegrade continence enema

The School Improvement and the Role of Principal on Enhancing Student Learning Outcomes

This article reviews literature related to school principals and their role in improving student learning outcomes, by presenting and providing many information and evidence provided by academic research related to the principals and their role in student achievement. The article emphasizes that the managers are able to play a positive role in improving students’ achievement and results. Although the academic materials indicate indirect influence of managers on student achievement, this indirect influence is important and necessary and contributes greatly to the development of the students and to raising their achievements

Multi-band Wideband Channel Measurements in Indoor and Outdoor Environments above 6 GHz for 5G Networks

This document presented the results of ultra-wideband of multi-bands measurements performed in three different indoor environments such as large office, factory like and small office and one outdoor street canyon scenario at the science site of Durham University, United Kingdom. The measurements conducted using a wideband chirp sounder developed at Durham University. An analytical review of the radio wave propagation mechanisms and formulas is presented in addition to the background of the channel characteristics parameters and statistics. The parameters reviewed are the received signal strength, path loss, the excess, average and RMS delay spread, in addition to the angular parameters such as the angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD) and the RMS angular spread. A literature survey for about 80 paper of the previous work are studied and summarised for the measurements and simulation performed to estimate different parameters in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Two different measurements set up were performed in three indoor environments and one outdoor scenario to measure mainly, the frequency dependency in various channel characteristics parameters. In the first set the measured parameters are the received signal strength, path loss, and the excess, average and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the RMS delay spread in three indoor environments. While in the second set the 3D angular parameters such as AoA, AoD and RMS angular spread in both Tx and Rx sides are studied in three indoor and one outdoor environment mentioned earlier. The measurements set up and procedures are presented for each set of measurement. The measurements were performed using a wideband channel sounder up to 6 GHz for both sets. Five different frequency bands (i.e.13.4 GHz, 26.8 GHz, 54.2 GHz, 62.6 GHz and 70 GHz) were used in the first set and three bands (i.e.13.4 GHz, 26.8 GHz, 62.6 GHz) for the second set. A steerable horn antenna at both side using 3D positioner in the second set of measurements, while an omnidirectional antenna was used at the receiver side in the first set. A summary and discussion the extracted results for each set of measurements are given. Conclusions about the achieved results and the recommended future work are provided

Anti-hepatotoxic effect of Casuarina stricta and Casuarina suberosa extracts on alcohol-induced liver toxicity in rats

In recent years, there has been a global trend toward the use of natural phytochemicals present in natural resources, such as fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, and herbs, as antioxidants and functional foods. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective and antioxidant effects of methanolic extract of Casuarina stricta and Casuarina suberosa leaves on ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The ethanol intoxication (1 ml of 40 % ethanol for 100 gm body weight for 6 weeks) to rats resulted in a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ã glutamyl transferase (ã GT), hydroxyproline, MDA level and a significant decrease in serum albumin, total protein, A/G ratio, total antioxidant capacity, SOD, catalase activities and GSH level, P < 0.05. The treatment with Casuarina stricta and Casuarina suberosa extract at a dose of 250 mg/Kg body weight together with ethanol for 6 weeks successfully prevented the alterations of studied parameters in the treated groups. Both extracts significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity. The experimental results indicate that, both Casuarina extracts have excellent hepatoprotective effect.KEYWORDS: Casuarina stricta, Casuarina suberosa, liver, antioxidants, ethano

EFFECT OF SURFACE IRRIGATION METHODS AND LAND LEVELING PRACTICES ON COTTON YIELD AND IRRIGATION PERFORMANCES AT NORTH DELTA

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Modified Koyanagi Technique in Management of Proximal Hypospadias

Background/Purpose: One stage urethroplasty with parameatal foreskin flap (OUPF) applicable to all types of hypospadias was first described by Tomohiko Koyanagi, however high complication rates were reported.The aim of this study is to analyze the results of a modification of the Koyanagi technique as a one-stage repair of proximal hypospadias. Patients and Methods: During the period of from March 2008 to March 2009, 30 patients underwent treatment of proximal hypospadias using the modified Koyanagi technique. Patient age at the time of surgery ranged from 6 to 24 months. In all cases, the urethral opening was at or just proximal to the penoscrotal junction. Follow up ranged from 3 months to 1 year. Results: Primary success occurred in 27 cases (90%) with accepted cosmetic appearance. Complications occurred in 3 cases (10%). Urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in 2 cases (6.7%). Meatal recession occurred in 1 case (3.3%). There was no incidence of meatal stenosis, urethral stricture, residual chordee or complete flap necrosis. Conclusion: The modified technique permits one-stage repair of proximal hypospadias with low complication rates. Keywords: Hypospadias, Koyanagi, One stage urethroplasty

Influence of Sulfonylurea and Insulin on Immunological Profile of Type 2 diabetic Egyptian Patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, inflammatory disease caused by long-term imbalance in immune system, metabolic syndrome, or nutrient excess associated with obesity .Sulfonylurea and exogenous insulin have been used in the treatment of T2DM, and they have hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects .The aim of this study to demonstrate the effect of sulfonylurea and exogenous insulin on some immunological parameters in Egyptian patients with T2DM and determine whether diabetes or the type of treatment would influence the levels of these parameters. Materials Methods: This study was performed on 150 outpatients with type 2 diabetes matched with age and gender with 40 healthy subjects was selected from the outpatient’s clinics of National Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology. All studied patients and control were subjected to estimate Fasting blood glucose (FBG), Glycosylated heamoglobulin (HBA1c), White blood cells (WBCs), Interleukin-6(IL-6), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Results: The levels of FBG, HBA1c, WBCs, IL-6, IgG and IgA showed highly significant increase in the diabetic patient groups compared to controls. (P˂0.001).Treatment of T2DM patients with sulfonylurea and insulin caused highly significant decrease in the levels of FBG, HBA1c as compared to corresponding non -treated group (P˂0.001). Also, the level of IL-6 revealed a highly significant decrease in insulin treated patients  as compared to corresponding non -treated group(p0.001).While, non-significant change (p0.05) in the levels of WBCs, IgG and IgA was observed in treated patient groups with sulfonylureas and insulin as compared to corresponding non -treated group.Conclusion: Both sulfonylurea and insulin are immune- safe therapeutic agent in T2DM at dose achieve good glycemic control.