O Estado nigeriano, o genocídio Igbo e o Africom

African states demonstrate incapacity to accomplish their fundamental role of guaranteeing their population’s security. Around 15 million people were killedin Biafra, Rwanda, Darfur, the southeast of Sudan, the Ivory Coast, the Congos and in other parts of the continent between 1966 and 2012. At present, Africom exigencies exploit this ethos of the African State. The great challenge for Africa is to form democratic and widely decentralized States.Os Estados na África demonstram incapacidade de cumprir seu papel básico de segurança da população. Cerca de 15 milhões de pessoas foram mortas em Biafra, Ruanda, Darfur, sudeste do Sudão, Costa do Marfim, nos Congos e em outros pontos do continente entre 1966 e 2012. As exigências do Africomexploram este ethos do Estado africano na contemporaneidade. O grande desafio, para a África, é formar Estados democráticos e amplamente descentralizados

Utilization of improved cassava varieties among extension agents in Benue State, Nigeria

Utilization of Improved Cassava varieties among extension agents (EAs) in Benue State, Nigeria was appraised in 2006. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages), and linear regression analysis. Results showed that TMS 30572 was utilized more than other varieties studied. The factors that contributed to utilization included high fresh tuber yield, early maturity and high quality gari and other products. Constraints to utilization included scarcity and high cost of planting materials (cassava stems) and inadequate information about some varieties (NR8083). The regression analysis showed that sex and education had a positive and significant relationship with utilization at 1% level, while age had negative but significant relationship with utilization at 1% level. It was recommended that efforts should be made to massively multiply improved cassava stems and effectively distribute at affordable prices to increase utilization of the improved varieties

Investigation of the Effects of Flowline Sizes, Flow Rates, Insulation Material, Type and Configuration on Flow Assurance of Waxy Crude

The recovery of hydrocarbons has gone into deep and ultra-deep waters. Typically, operations from such an environment make the system susceptible to flow assurance challenges. Operations with long subsea flowlines need special attention with respect to flow assurance problems, especially with respect to wax deposition and risk of hydrate formation. As a result, during such operations, it becomes very crucial to evaluate the flowline sizes, flow rates and subsea flowline lengths to minimize flow assurance problems. For the wax deposition control, the operating temperature must be maintained above wax appearance temperature (WAT) by either insulation or electrical heating depending on the cost and energy efficiency factors. In this study, several multiphase simulations were carried out using PIPESIM software to investigate the effects of flowline sizes, flow rates, insulation material, type and configuration on flow assurance of waxy crude over 10.2 km between the wellhead and the first stage separator on the platform. Considering the implications of these factors for flow assurance. The data and results obtained from this study suggest that line size of 0.29 m, the flow rate of 3280 m3/d, poly-urethane foam, and pipe-in-pipe insulation type are favourable to flow assurance of waxy crude with respect to maintaining the temperature of the fluids above the wax appearance temperature of 26 oC; and also to deliver the fluids to the platform at the recommended pressure of over 11 bar. Keywords: Waxy Crude. Flow Assurance. Flow Rates. PIPESIM software, wax control. DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/11-3-02 Publication date: April 30th 2020

End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

In this paper, the end-use efficiencies of the different energy carriers and the overall energy efficiency in the Nigerian residential sector (NRS) were estimated using energy and energy analysis. The energy and energy flows were considered from 2006 to 2011. The overall energy efficiency ranges from 19.15% in 2006 to 20.19% in 2011 with a mean of (19.96±0.23)% while the overall energy efficiency ranges from 4.34% in 2006 to 4.40% in 2011 with a mean of (4.31±0.059)%. The energy and energy efficiency margin was 15.58% with a marginal improvement of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively when compared with previous results. The contribution of the energy carriers to the total energy and energy inputs were 1.45% and 1.43% for electricity, 1.95% and 3% for fossil fuel and 96.6% and 95.57% for bio-fuel. The result shows that approximately 65% of the residence use wood and biomass for domestic cooking and heating, and only a fraction of the residence have access to electricity. LPG was found to be the most efficient while kerosene, charcoal, wood and other biomass the least in this order. Electricity utilization energy efficiency is affected by vapor-compression air conditioning application apart from low potential energy applications. In addition, this paper has suggested alternatives in the end-use application and has demonstrated the relevance of energy analysis in enhancing sustainable energy policies and management and improved integration technique

Information Needs and Challenges of Agricultural Researchers and Extension Workers in Edo State, Nigeria

This study investigated information needs and challenges of agricultural researchers and extension workers in Edo State, Nigeria. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select 106 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The majority (71.6 %) of respondents indicated their need for information with respect to climate change and adaptation measures (71.6 %). Extension workers communicated more with agricultural researchers monthly (77.5 %). Lack of office-wide internet connectivity (2.06±1.08), unstable power supply (2.05±1.07), and non-subscription to relevant online resources by employer (2.05±1.07) inhibited respondents from meeting their information needs. The study recommends that to enhance knowledge sharing among researchers and extension workers, there is need for research institutes and state government to develop electronic repositories for their research outputs as this will further help other agricultural stakeholders to access local contents immediately

Challenges and prospects of legal education in Nigeria: an overview

Due to the falling standard of legal education, many people now question the quality and integrity of the legal profession. Many lawyers lack the intellectual skills to deal with simple legal tasks they are briefed to handle; some lack the rudimentary knowledge of basic legal principles and some dabble into unethical conducts such as defrauding clients, bribing judicial officers and embezzlement of funds in their custody etc. Hence, there is clamor for reforms not only in legal education but the entire educational system in Nigeria. This paper examines the problems facing legal education in Nigeria from the early sixties to the present day. It discusses the challenges of legal education such as inadequate funding, too many law faculties, and explosion in student population, conservative curriculum, and uncommitted lecturers among others. To rectify this problem, efforts should be made to harmonize the teaching and learning methods at the Law School and the Law Faculties in such a way that the Law Faculties would teach both the substantive and procedural law. Similarly, the Nigerian Law School should be abolished and turned into an examining body responsible for organizing and conducting bar examinations. If legal education is well funded and appropriate steps taken to remedy the problems highlighted in this paper, legal education and profession in Nigeria will greatly improve.Keywords: Legal education in Nigeria, Law Faculty, Nigerian Law School, Council of Legal education, Lawyers, Clinical legal educatio

Effect of Intellectual Capitals on Employee Productivity of Banks in Developing Economies: The Nigeria Experience

In recent times, a new high technology, information, and innovation based environment has gradually taken the centre stage in the global economy particularly in the banking sector. The Nigeria banking sector has responded appropriately to the introduction of these new technologies and innovations. Under this new dispensation, knowledge, ability, skills, experience and attitude of workers, assume greater significance even as organizations use intellectual capital as a critical resource to enhance their performances. Service firms as well as manufacturing organisations use intellectual capital with their physical assets to sharpen their competitive edge while organizations which have managed their intellectual capital better, are observed to have achieved stronger competitive advantage than the general enterprises. Following from above, it is expected that intellectual capital should have positive effect on Employee Productivity. Empirical records of studies on this effect in some developed nations showed divergent views. Unfortunately, no empirical records on the effect of intellectual capital and Employee Productivity in the Nigeria banking sector exist. This study therefore uses the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) model to investigate the effect of the Intellectual Capital indices (i.e. Human Capital Efficiency, Structural Capital Efficiency and the Capital Employed Efficiency) on the Employee Productivity of banks in Nigeria. The data were collected from the annual reports of six banks and analysis was conducted using longitudinal time series data generated from the annual reports and accounts of the selected banks in Nigeria spanning from year 2000 to 2011. The multiple regression analysis method was adopted for the test of the hypothesis. The SPSS statistical software (version 17.0) was used for the data analysis. The study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between components of VAIC and employee productivity of the banks in Nigeria (VIAC coefficient = 1.186, R2c = 0.806, R2t = 0.49, P < 0.05). From the result stated above, it is thus established that indeed intellectual capital has positive and significant effect on Employee Productivity of banks in Nigeria. Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, Structural Capital, Employee Productivity, Nigeria, VAIC

The Relationship between Intellectual Capitals and Growth in Revenue of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

In today’s business world, most organisations are established for the purposes of making profit and giving a high return on the investments of stakeholders. The extent an organisation can go in achieving this onerous objective depends on the amount of revenue such organisation is able to generate from its operations as there seem to be a direct relationship between the level of revenue generated and the amount of profit made by an organisation. There has been this belief that it is the amount of physical resources (assets and finance) invested in a firm that determines the amount of profit the firm makes. The use of high technology, information, and innovation based environment in recent times, has taken the centre stage in the global economy. Under this new technology, knowledge, ability, skills, experience and attitude of workers, assume greater significance even as organizations utilize their intellectual capital as a critical resource to enhance their performances. Organisations nowadays use their intellectual capital in combination with their physical assets to sharpen their competitive edge against their competitors. Organizations which have managed their intellectual capital better, are observed to have achieved stronger competitive advantage than the general enterprises. Following from above, it is expected that there should be a positive relationship between intellectual capital and growth in revenue of banks in Nigeria. Empirical records of studies on this relationship in some developed nations showed divergent opinions. Unfortunately, no empirical records on the relationship of intellectual capital and growth in revenue in the Nigeria Banking sector exist. This study had the broad objective of using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) model to investigate if there is a positive and significant relationship between the Intellectual Capital indices (such as Human Capital Efficiency, Structural Capital Efficiency and the Capital Employed Efficiency) and growth in revenue of selected banks in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. It was systematically conducted using longitudinal time series data generated and computed from the annual reports and accounts of the selected banks in Nigeria spanning from year 2000 to 2011. The hypotheses of the study were: (i) The performance of the human capital efficiency (HCE) of a bank, do not positively and significantly affect the Growth in Revenue (GR) of the Banks in Nigeria. (ii)  The performance of the structural capital efficiency (SCE) of a bank in Nigeria, do not positively and significantly affect the Growth in Revenue (GR) of the Banks in Nigeria. (iii) The performance of the capital employed efficiency (CEE) of a bank in Nigeria, do not positively and significantly affect the Growth in Revenue (GR) of the Banks in Nigeria. The dependent variables was Growth in Revenue, while the independent variables were the components of Value Added Intellectual Capital {Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE) and the Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE)}. The multiple regression analysis method was adopted for the test of all the hypotheses. The SPSS statistical software (version 17.0) was used for the data analysis. The results showed that there was positive and significant relationship between components of VAIC and the growth in revenue of the banks in Nigeria (VIAC coefficient = 14.160, R2c = 0.87, R2t = 0.49, P < 0.05). From the results stated above, it is thus established that indeed there is a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and growth in revenue of banks in Nigeria. Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, Structural Capital, Growth in Revenue, Nigeria, VAIC.

Effect of smoking on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS) concentrations in catfish and tilapia muscles

The effects of smoking on proximate composition, energy values and  concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in raw and smoked samples of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Crude protein was higher in the tilapia sample for both raw and smoked samples. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the lipid contents of raw and smoked samples of both species. Mean naphthalene concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of other PAHs analyzed in raw and smoked samples of both species. Mean benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) concentrations and total mean PAH concentrations (ΣmPAH) exceeded the EU limits in raw muscle samples. All the PAHs analyzed were detected in the smoked samples. Mean BaP concentrations and total mean PAH exceeded the EU maximum limits (2.0 and 10 μg/kg) in the muscle of smoked fish and fishery products. Total mean concentration of the four indicators of PAH contamination gave the values of 0.018 and 0.050; 0.014 and 0.012 mg/kg for raw and smoked samples of catfish and tilapia respectively. It could be inferred that the smoking process generally increased the mean total PAH levels in the fish samples and there is urgent need for relevant  authorities to take appropriate action due to the public health implications of PAH contamination.Keywords: catfish, tilapia, smoking, hydrocarbons, gas chromatograph

Povos, Estados e insurgência islâmica na África

The author discusses the African States’ inability to provide security and basic social services to the majority of the population. He argues that the “State of Berlin” created by the European conquest is still under the growing pressure of peoples or ‘nations’ that want to become independent. The world will have to deal with an African map in constant change based on independence movements that are not Islamic in essence.O autor reflete sobre a incapacidade do Estado na África em prover segurança e fornecer serviços sociais básicos à maioria da população. Argumenta que o “Estado de Berlim” pós-conquista europeia está sob crescente pressão de povos ou nações que desejam se tornar independentes. O mundo terá que lidar com um mapa da África em constante mutação, baseado nos movimentos de independência, que não são em essência islâmicos