The lateral trauma position: What do we know about it and how do we use it? A cross-sectional survey of all Norwegian emergency medical services

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Trauma patients are customarily transported in the supine position to protect the spine. The Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure (ABCDE) principles clearly give priority to airways. In Norway, the lateral trauma position (LTP) was introduced in 2005. We investigated the implementation and current use of LTP in Norwegian Emergency Medical Services (EMS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All ground and air EMS bases in Norway were included. Interviews were performed with ground and air EMS supervisors. Questionnaires were distributed to ground EMS personnel.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 206 ground EMS supervisors, 201 answered; 75% reported that LTP is used. In services using LTP, written protocols were present in 67% and 73% had provided training in LTP use. Questionnaires were distributed to 3,025 ground EMS personnel. We received 1,395 (46%) valid questionnaires. LTP was known to 89% of respondents, but only 59% stated that they use it. Of the respondents using LTP, 77% reported access to written protocols. Flexing of the top knee was reported by 78%, 20% flexed the bottom knee, 81% used under head padding. Of 24 air EMS supervisors, 23 participated. LTP is used by 52% of the services, one of these has a written protocol and three arrange training.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>LTP is implemented and used in the majority of Norwegian EMS, despite little evidence as to its possible benefits and harms. How the patient is positioned in the LTP differs. More research on LTP is needed to confirm that its use is based on evidence that it is safe and effective.</p

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Effekt av terapiridning på barn med cerebral parese : - en kombinasjonsstudie

ABSTRACT This study is a modified review combined with a qualitative case study. An introduction to therapeutic riding and a summary of the effects in children with cerebral palsy is presented. The case study highlights experienced effects of horse riding therapy. Four children (4-18 years old) doing horse riding therapy as part of their rehabilitation treatment at Beitostølen Helsesportssenter, Norway, participate in the case study. Collection of data is based on observations of horse therapy lessons and in depth interviews with children and a parent, in all cases mum. Therapeutic riding is a form of physiotherapy utilizing the movements of the horse to facilitate neurophysiological stimulation on the rider. Trials of horse riding therapy suggest beneficial effects in children with cerebral palsy including antispastic effect, improvement in muscle symmetry and energy expenditure during walking and gross motor function. Improvements in coordination, balance and posture are indicated. The case study reveals that children with cerebral palsy regard horse riding therapy as a fun and exciting leisure activity. Bonding with the animal seem to facilitate wellbeing and a good mood. Being able to ride and control the horse make them proud, and seem to increase confidence and self-esteem. Medical professionals focus on the beneficial physiological effects of horse riding therapy in children with cerebral palsy. The children subjected to this therapy on the other hand emphasise the benefical effects related to psychology, self-esteem, fun and wellbeing

Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Management, treatment rationale and long-term outcomes

Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are believed to be increasing due to the rapid surge in the number of children undergoing ACL reconstructive surgery. This trend is alarming due to the high risk of re-injuries to the affected knee, and the potential development of early-onset knee osteoarthritis. Clinical decision making regarding ACL injuries in children is challenging because current evidence is inconsistent and has scientific limitations. Treatment is controversial, especially regarding surgical intervention. Despite weak scientific evidence, a common clinical dogma has been to advocate early ACL reconstructive surgery in order to protect the other important structures in the knee such as menisci and cartilage. This thesis has demonstrated that children with ACL injuries require a multidisciplinary approach in order to optimize recovery and prevent further knee injuries. High-quality rehabilitation and injury prevention are essential for all patients, but there is no consensus regarding surgical intervention. The clinical study in this thesis showed that most young adults who sustained an ACL injury during childhood had overall good long-term outcomes following primary non-operative treatment with optional delayed surgery. In addition, there is very low certainty of evidence regarding the risk of new meniscal tears after ACL injury, and this evidence is insufficient to support decision making. Thus, the study findings challenge the current clinical dogma that all children with ACL injury require early reconstructive surgery. In conclusion, this thesis supports an individualized treatment approach and suggests that non-operative treatment has a role in the management of pediatric ACL injuries. However, reconstructive ACL surgery is advocated for those children with additional meniscal injuries that require repair, and/or those who suffer from knee joint instability over time

The lateral trauma position: What do we know about it and how do we use it? A cross-sectional survey of all Norwegian emergency medical services

Background: Trauma patients are customarily transported in the supine position to protect the spine. The Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure (ABCDE) principles clearly give priority to airways. In Norway, the lateral trauma position (LTP) was introduced in 2005. We investigated the implementation and current use of LTP in Norwegian Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Methods: All ground and air EMS bases in Norway were included. Interviews were performed with ground and air EMS supervisors. Questionnaires were distributed to ground EMS personnel. Results: Of 206 ground EMS supervisors, 201 answered; 75% reported that LTP is used. In services using LTP, written protocols were present in 67% and 73% had provided training in LTP use. Questionnaires were distributed to 3,025 ground EMS personnel. We received 1,395 (46%) valid questionnaires. LTP was known to 89% of respondents, but only 59% stated that they use it. Of the respondents using LTP, 77% reported access to written protocols. Flexing of the top knee was reported by 78%, 20% flexed the bottom knee, 81% used under head padding. Of 24 air EMS supervisors, 23 participated. LTP is used by 52% of the services, one of these has a written protocol and three arrange training. Conclusions: LTP is implemented and used in the majority of Norwegian EMS, despite little evidence as to its possible benefits and harms. How the patient is positioned in the LTP differs. More research on LTP is needed to confirm that its use is based on evidence that it is safe and effective

Coping With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury From Childhood to Maturation: A Prospective Case Series of 44 Patients With Mean 8 Years’ Follow-up

Background: There is no consensus regarding the best treatment approach for skeletally immature children with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. High-quality studies with long-term follow-up are lacking, and evidence to support decision making is limited. Purpose: To evaluate functional and patient-reported outcome, surgical history, and complications among young adults who sustained an ACL injury before the age of 13 years and were treated with active rehabilitation and the option of delayed ACL reconstruction if needed. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Forty-six children aged 90% for 30 patients (68%). Mean leg symmetry indexes for hop and strength tests were consistently >90%, except for the single-hop test and hamstrings muscle strength for ACL-reconstructed knees. Mean ± SD International Knee Documentation Committee scores were 86.3 ± 13.7 for the ACL-reconstructed knees and 90.6 ± 11.8 for the nonreconstructed knees. At final follow-up, forty patients (91%) remained active in sports, but 29 (66%) restricted their activity level to nonpivoting sports. Conclusion: Active rehabilitation may have a role in treatment of children with ACL injury. Approximately 50% of children may cope well, even to adulthood, without a surgical intervention. The other half may develop instability that warrants ACL reconstruction, and one-third may require meniscal surgery

Coping With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury From Childhood to Maturation: A Prospective Case Series of 44 Patients With Mean 8 Years’ Follow-up

Background: There is no consensus regarding the best treatment approach for skeletally immature children with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. High-quality studies with long-term follow-up are lacking, and evidence to support decision making is limited. Purpose: To evaluate functional and patient-reported outcome, surgical history, and complications among young adults who sustained an ACL injury before the age of 13 years and were treated with active rehabilitation and the option of delayed ACL reconstruction if needed. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Forty-six children aged 90% for 30 patients (68%). Mean leg symmetry indexes for hop and strength tests were consistently >90%, except for the single-hop test and hamstrings muscle strength for ACL-reconstructed knees. Mean ± SD International Knee Documentation Committee scores were 86.3 ± 13.7 for the ACL-reconstructed knees and 90.6 ± 11.8 for the nonreconstructed knees. At final follow-up, forty patients (91%) remained active in sports, but 29 (66%) restricted their activity level to nonpivoting sports. Conclusion: Active rehabilitation may have a role in treatment of children with ACL injury. Approximately 50% of children may cope well, even to adulthood, without a surgical intervention. The other half may develop instability that warrants ACL reconstruction, and one-third may require meniscal surgery

Preliminary experience of an international orthopaedic registry: the ESSKA Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Initiative (PAMI) registry

Paediatric and adolescent ACL injuries are an emerging health burden, increasing at a higher rate than in adults. They compromise quality of life, affect knee structure and function, lead to the early development of osteoarthritis and are a serious economic burden due to shortened professional careers and subsequent surgeries. Up to 35% of children and adolescents will experience a second ACL injury and this population particularly at high risk of secondary intraarticular soft tissue degeneration and growth abnormalities. However, there is still a lack of high-quality outcome studies on this specific population and many knowledge gaps persist in the current treatment guidelines. It is currently unknown whether ACL reconstruction in this young population decreases the risk of irreversible secondary intraarticular soft tissue degeneration. Furthermore, it is not known whether return to high or elite level sports after paediatric ACL injury or reconstruction should be recommended. The relatively low number of paediatric ACL injuries seen in each hospital makes it necessary to conduct international multi-centre studies to collect robust data to provide evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of these injuries. The Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Initiative (PAMI) was thus started by the European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery & Arthroscopy and opened for patient inclusion in 2018. This comprehensive overview of the first 2 years of the PAMI registry shows that the project is now well consolidated and accepted by the European orthopaedic community. Future challenges include ensuring additional external funding to ascertain long term sustainability and continuous dissemination of the knowledge acquired in scientific journals

Steigerung der Evidenz zur optimalen Behandlung kindlicher VKB-Verletzungen: Die Initiative zur Erfassung von Verletzungen des vorderen Kreuzbandes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Monitoring Initiative, PAMI)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children and adolescents are a relevant health and economic burden and their incidence increases at a higher rate than in adults. These injuries compromise the quality of life, affect the development of the knee joint as well as its future functionality, and may lead to early onset of osteoarthritis. Because of their young age, these patients are furthermore at high risk for secondary intraarticular soft tissue damage and re-injury of the ACL. The relatively small number of pediatric ACL injuries in single hospitals, necessitates international multicenter studies to collect meaningful prospective data and long-term outcomes in a young patient population. As a result, there are few high-quality studies on the treatment of pediatric ACL rupture, and the evidence base of current treatment recommendations is insufficient. Thus, the Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Monitoring Initiative (PAMI) was created in 2013. The registry is designed to collect and analyze data on the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injuries in children and adolescents and to provide a basis for the development of international evidence-based guidelines. Since 2018, patients with a skeletal age of 8-14 years in girls and 8-16 years in boys, respectively, have been recruited for the PAMI registry in various international centers, and the number of recruiting centers as well as the number of patients is increasing constantly. Analysis of the data from the first three years of the project provides epidemiological data and suggests initial trends. It is evident that the project is well established and in international demand. A future challenge is to ensure the long-term durability of PAMI and the dissemination of scientific findings