A counterexample to the first Zassenhaus conjecture

Hans J. Zassenhaus conjectured that for any unit u of finite order in the integral group ring of a finite group G there exists a unit a in the rational group algebra of G such that a−1· u · a = ±g for some g ∈ G. We disprove this conjecture by first proving general results that help identify counterexamples and then providing an infinite number of examples where these results apply. Our smallest example is a metabelian group of order 27·32·5·72·192 whose integral group ring contains a unit of order 7 · 19 which, in the rational group algebra, is not conjugate to any element of the form ±g

The Measurement of Sulfur Oxidation Products and Their Role in Homogeneous Nucleation

The loss rate of H2SO4 vapor onto submicron particles was measured for three different particle substrates. The experimental technique involved direct flow tube measurements of H2SO4 decay rates onto a polydisperse aerosol using chemical ionization mass spectroscopic detection. The aerosols of this study were partially hydrated crystalline salts with diameters in the size range of 20 to 400 nm. The mass accommodation coefficients, a, were calculated from the first-order rate constants for H2SO4 loss to be 0.73 + 0.21 and 0.79 + 0.23 for loss onto (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl, respectively. Measurements of the loss rate of H2SO4 onto a NaCl aerosol coated with stearic acid resulted in lower mass accommodation coefficients with values of 0.31 and 0.19 for aerosol with high and low stearic acid coverage, respectively. The observed decrease in a on an aerosol with a hydrocarbon coating suggests that aerosol composition is a key factor in H2SO4 adsorption on to a particle surface

An Experimental Study of Atmospheric Homogeneous Nucleation: Cluster Growth and Gas-Particle Reactions of H2SO4

The work proposed on this project included both field and laboratory studies. The laboratory studies were to consist of measurements of H2SO4 uptake and evaporation from aerosols of varying chemical composition, while the field component would include measurements of H2SO4 and other compounds which would be conducted as part of a large field campaign. By chance, the opportunity to conduct such an H2SO4/aerosol/ultrafine particle study in conjunction with an OH intercomparison/photochemistry study became available very early in this project (September 1993). This study was conducted at Caribou, Colorado in conjunction with several other groups from NCAR, NOAA and a number of universities. Our group measured OH, H2SO4, SO2, and H20, while Dr. McMurfy's group measured ultrafine particles, and total particle number and size distribution. In addition measurements of HO2/RO2, O3, NO, NO2, NO(y) CO, hydrocarbons, CH2O, and other chemical compounds and meteorological parameters were performed by the other participants and a new laser oblation/mass spectrometry technique was also employed by the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory to study aerosol composition. The study of aerosol production and growth in conjunction with photochemical measurements is highly advantageous because particle growth precursors such as H2SO4.or MSA are formed by OH initiated sulfur oxidation. The large number of hydrocarbon measurements included in this study were also important in understanding particle growth

Using reporters of different misfolded proteins reveals differential strategies in processing protein aggregates

The accumulation of misfolded proteins is a hallmark of aging and many neurodegenerative diseases, making it important to understand how the cellular machinery recognizes and processes such proteins. A key question in this respect is whether misfolded proteins are handled in a similar way regardless of their genetic origin. To approach this question, we compared how three different misfolded proteins, guk1-7, gus1-3, and pro3-1, are handled by the cell. We show that all three are nontoxic, even though highly overexpressed, highlighting their usefulness in analyzing the cellular response to misfolding in the absence of severe stress. We found significant differences between the aggregation and disaggregation behavior of the misfolded proteins. Specifically, gus1-3 formed some aggregates that did not efficiently recruit the protein disaggregase Hsp104 and did not colocalize with the other misfolded reporter proteins. Strikingly, while all three misfolded proteins generally coaggregated and colocalized to specific sites in the cell, disaggregation was notably different; the rate of aggregate clearance of pro3-1 was faster than that of the other misfolded proteins, and its clearance rate was not hindered when pro3-1 colocalized with a slowly resolved misfolded protein. Finally, we observed using super-resolution light microscopy as well as immunogold labeling EM in which both showed an even distribution of the different misfolded proteins within an inclusion, suggesting that misfolding characteristics and remodeling, rather than spatial compartmentalization, allows for differential clearance of these misfolding reporters residing in the same inclusion. Taken together, our results highlight how properties of misfolded proteins can significantly affect processing

Using reporters of different misfolded proteins reveals differential strategies in processing protein aggregates

The accumulation of misfolded proteins is a hallmark of aging and many neurodegenerative diseases, making it important to understand how the cellular machinery recognizes and processes such proteins. A key question in this respect is whether misfolded proteins are handled in a similar way regard less of their genetic origin. To approach this question, we compared how three different misfolded proteins, guk1-7,gus1-3, and pro3-1, are handled by the cell. We show that all three are nontoxic, even though highly overexpressed, high-lighting their usefulness in analyzing the cellular response to misfolding in the absence of severe stress. We found significant differences between the aggregation and disaggregation behavior of the misfolded proteins. Specifically, gus1-3 formed some aggregates that did not efficiently recruit the proteindisaggregase Hsp104 and did not colocalize with the other misfolded reporter proteins. Strikingly, while all three misfolded proteins generally coaggregated and colocalized to specific sites in the cell, disaggregation was notably different; the rate of aggregate clearance of pro3-1 was faster than that of the other misfolded proteins, and its clearance rate was nothindered when pro3-1 colocalized with a slowly resolved mis-folded protein. Finally, we observed using super-resolutionlight microscopy as well as immunogold labeling EM in which both showed an even distribution of the different mis-folded proteins within an inclusion, suggesting that misfolding characteristics and remodeling, rather than spatial compart-mentalization, allows for differential clearance of these mis-folding reporters residing in the same inclusion. Taken together, our results highlight how properties of misfolded proteins can significantly affect processing

An Hsp90 co-chaperone links protein folding and degradation and is part of a conserved protein quality control

In this paper, we show that the essential Hsp90 co-chaperone Sgt1 is a member of a general protein quality control network that links folding and degradation through its participation in the degradation of misfolded proteins both in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Sgt1-dependent protein degradation acts in a parallel pathway to the ubiquitin ligase (E3) and ubiquitin chain elongase (E4), Hul5, and overproduction of Hul5 partly suppresses defects in cells with reduced Sgt1 activity. Upon proteostatic stress, Sgt1 accumu- lates transiently, in an Hsp90- and proteasome-dependent manner, with quality control sites (Q-bodies) of both yeast and human cells that co-localize with Vps13, a protein that creates organelle contact sites. Misfolding disease proteins, such as synphilin-1 involved in Parkinson's disease, are also sequestered to these compartments and require Sgt1 for their clearance

On-line analysis of ash containing slurries

The ash content of coal suspended in a slurry is determined by bombarding a sample of the slurry flowing past a window of a measuring chamber with radiation from an annular nucleonic source, such as Cm-244, for emitting radiation within the range of about 7 to about 30 KeV and causing the sample to emit both backscat- tered and iron fluorescent x-rays. These x-rays are detected by a radiation detector which produces first and second electrical signals representative of the intensity of each. The density of the sample flowing from the measuring chamber is measured, such as by a nucelonic density gauge, to produce an electrical signal representative of the density and the ash content is determined from the detected intensities of the backscattered and iron fluorescent x-rays and the sample density.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1093/thumbnail.jp

MORTE SÚBITA POR ROTURA CARDÍACA DEVIDO A SEVERA INFILTRAÇÃO GORDUROSA DO MIOCÁRDIO. RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

The autor presents an extremely rarelease of sudden death caused by rupture cardiac due to severe fatty infiltration in the right atrial myocardium. The patient, a 49-year-old man, he was found dead under a brigdge, na he had no evidences of violence or chest trauma. The autopsy showed a pericardial tamponade caused by a cardiac rupture of right atrial myocardium. The histopathologic study of lesion demonstrate a severe fatty infiltration of myocardium, whithout signals of adjacent cardiac ischemia or coronary disease. Although fatty deposits in the heart have been recognised for some time, it is surprising to find that there have been extremely few publications on this subject during the last ten years. Its possible that a certain number of cases of obesity or cardiac sudden death, are really cases of lipomatosis of the heart wich have not been recognised as such. Fatty infiltration of the myocardium, if severe, can be a cause of seious cardiac dysfunction or, ocasionally, sudden death.O autor apresenta um caso extremamente raro de morte súbita causado por rotura cardíaca devido a severa infiltração gordurosa do miocárdio. O paciente, um homem de 49 anos, foi encontrado morto embaixo de uma ponte, não havendo sinais externos ou indícios de violência. Na autópsia constatou-se um tamponamento pericárdico causado por uma ruptura cardíaca da parede do átrio direito. O estudo histopatológico da lesão demonstrou uma severa infiltração gordurosa do miocárdio, sem sinais de isquemia cardíaca adjacente ou doença coronariana. A maior parte dos casos de morte súbita estão relacionados com doença coronariana ou arritimias. Embora a infiltração gordurosa já seja bem conhecida há algum tempo, é surpreendente observar que publicações sobre este tema tem sido excepcionais durante os últimos decênios. É possível que certo número de casos de obesidade ou morte súbita cardíaca sejam, na verdade, casos de lipomatose cardíaca que não foram diagnosticados como tal. A infiltração gordurosa do miocárdio, se severa, pode ser causa de disfunções cardíacas graves e, ocasionalmente, morte súbita

Chronicles of Oklahoma

Article provides a personal narrative of Fannie L. Eisele, whose family immigrated from Germany and became homesteaders of Oklahoma Territory. Eisele describes her life on the frontier, farming duties, and the growth of towns in the area