Beurteilung der Fruchtqualität beim Apfel im Rahmen des EU-Projekts Hidras

The EU project Hidras (High Quality Disease Resistant Apples for a sustainable agriculture, QLK5-CT-2002-01-01492) aims to identify genetic factors controlling apple fruit quality with the objective of increasing the acceptability of disease resistant apples. At Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil (ACW) we are performing ex-pert panel tests and consumer tests. The consumer inquiry during the public fair BEA 2005, end of April 2005 in Bern, Switzerland, resulted in comprehensive information on consumption trends in apple for dif-ferent age groups. This work is coordinated with partners in Poland and Belgium. All the age groups consid-ered flavour, juiciness and firmness as very important quality criteria for apples. The preference of apples to other fruit such as pears, bananas or citrus is more significant with adults and especially elder people. How-ever, apple was the most favourite fruit species for all age classes. Almost one third of the adults prefer an apple to other snacks. On the other hand, children prefer chips and popcorn and only 12% prefer an apple to other snacks. The overall appearance and eating quality of scab resistant varieties (Ariane, Topaz and Goldrush) and non-resistant varieties (Gala, FAW 5878 and La Flamboyante) evaluated by the same consumers con-firmed, that the resistant varieties were competitive in respect to fruit quality with the non-resistant varieties

Tours et détours de la conversation dans le cinéma de Michel Soutter : Les arpenteurs

Est-ce un effet de réel que vise la conversation — par opposition au dialogue — dans une oeuvre cinématographique ? Cet article tente de montrer que, dans le cas des Arpenteurs, film de Michel Soutter, ses propriétés linguistiques et symboliques lui confèrent des fonctions plus créatrices : elle s’y révèle non seulement matériau, mais aussi moteur actanciel et modèle formel de l’oeuvre. L’étude se fonde sur une analyse, rhétorique notamment, de la représentation filmique, propose une interprétation originale et revient sur les propriétés théoriques de l’échange conversationnel. Réalisateur et scénariste suisse (1932-1991), Michel Soutter est l’auteur d’une vingtaine de films pour le cinéma et la télévision. Les arpenteurs a reçu le Prix du Jury à Cannes en 1972.Does conversation—as opposed to dialogue—aim for authenticity in an audiovisual work? This article attempts to demonstrate that, in the case of Les arpenteurs, a film by Michel Soutter, conversation’s linguistic and symbolic properties invest it with more creative functions: here it reveals itself to be not only a material, but also the actantial engine and formal model of the work. This study is based on an analysis—notably rhetorical—of film representation, proposes an original interpretation and reexamines the theoretical properties of conversational exchange. A Swiss director and screenwriter, Michel Soutter (1932-1991) made some twenty films for movies and television. Les arpenteurs was awarded the Grand Prize of the Jury in Cannes in 1972

Pregnancy Based Learning - Werkstattbericht

Zu Beginn des Studiums BSc Hebamme erarbeiten die Studierenden mit der Siebensprung-Methode die Begleitung eines fiktiven Paares anhand einer sich über sechs Episoden erstreckenden Fallgeschichte. Dadurch erwerben sie die Kompetenz, eine regelrichtige Schwangerschaft selbständig zu betreuen. Um den Praxistransfer zu fördern, nehmen die Studierenden am Studienprojekt „Lernen von Schwangeren“ teil. Dabei erfahren sie im direkten Austausch mit schwangeren Frauen, wie diese ihre Schwangerschaft erleben. Das problembasierte Lernen mittels fortlaufender Fallgeschichte, unterstützt durch das Transferangebot, sichert einen hohen Praxisbezug und einen nachhaltigen Kompetenzerwerb

The Smithsonian Institution and Research

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Pelargonic acid for weed control in onions: factors affecting selectivity

In Zwiebeln (Allium cepa) sind nur wenige Herbizide bewilligt. Aufgrund ihrer aufrecht stehenden Blätter und aufrechten Pflanzenarchitektur bleibt an den Zwiebelpflanzen nach der Applikation weniger Herbizid haften als an breitblättrigen Unkräutern. Außerdem haben sie eine dickere Cuticula. Diese Unterschiede machen einen selektiven Einsatz von Pelargonsäure in Zwiebeln möglich. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war, verträgliche Aufwandmengen für unterschiedliche Wachstumsstadien zu bestimmen. In 5 Feldversuchen wurden 3 Pelargonsäure-haltige Produkte (1 SL- und 2 EC-Formulierungen) mit einem Logsprayer appliziert. Zwischen 0 und 56 kg Aktivsubstanz (a.s.) ha-1 wurden appliziert. Die Zwiebelstadien reichten von BBCH 10 bis 16. Die Verträglichkeit wurde visuell bonitiert. Die Produkte waren verträglich mit jeweils 7.2 und 8.3 ka a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 10-11), 6.1 und 8.9 ka a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 11-12), 8.5 und 20.7 ka a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 13) sowie mit 6.3 und 9.0 kg a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 14-16) für die SL- bzw. die EC-Formulierungen. Die Verträglichkeit hing vom Kulturstadium und den Wetterbedingungen ab. Wichtig für einen selektiven Einsatz in Zwiebeln ist eine intakte Wachsschicht, was eine regenfreie, lichtintensive Periode vor der Applikation bedingt. Pelargonsäure könnte eine wirksame Komponente für eine nachhaltige Unkrautbekämpfung in Zwiebeln werden. Aufgrund der reinen Blattwirkung müssen kleine Unkräuter behandelt werden und es sind mehrere Applikationen notwendig.In onions (Allium cepa) few herbicides are registered. Due to their erect leaf and plant structure, onions retain less herbicide after spraying than broadleaved weeds. Further, onion plants have a thicker plant cuticle. These differences allow a selective use of pelargonic acid in onions. The main aim of this study was to determine the selective dose at different crop growth stages. Five field trials were carried out. Three pelargonic acid containing products (1 SL- and 2 EC-formulations) were applied with a logarithmic sprayer. Dose range was 0 to 56 kg active substance (a.s.) ha-1. The growth stage varied between BBCH 10 and 16. Selectivity was rated visually. The products were selective at 7.2 and 8.3 kg a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 10-11), 6.1 and 8.9 kg a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 11-12), 8.5 and 20.7 kg a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 13) and 6.3 and 9.0 kg a.s. ha-1 (BBCH 14-16) for the SL- and EC-products respectively. Selectivity depended on growth stage and weather conditions. Important for selectivity is an intact cuticle, a rain-free, light-intense period before application. Pelargonic acid could become a component for sustainable weed control in onions. Due to its foliar activity, small weeds need to be targeted and several passes are required

Prevalence of ragweed allergy in rural Geneva - a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of ragweed allergy is increasing worldwide. Ragweed distribution and abundance is spreading in Europe in a wide area ranging from the Rhone valley in France to Hungary and Ukraine, where the rate of the prevalence can peak at as high as 12%. Low-grade ragweed colonisation was seen in Geneva and Ticino, less than two decades ago. There were fears that allergies to ragweed would increase Switzerland. The intent of this study was to assess the rate of prevalence of sensitisation and allergy to ragweed in the population living in the first rural Swiss setting where ragweed had been identified in 1996, and to evaluate indirectly the efficacy of elimination and containment strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2009, 35 adults in a rural village in the Canton of Geneva were recruited. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and skin-prick tests were done on each participant. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. RESULTS: Based on questionnaires, 48.6% had rhinitis (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.9-64.4; n = 17/35) and 17.1% asthma (95% CI 8.1-32.6; n = 6/35). Atopy was diagnosed in 26.4% (95% CI 12.9-44.4) of the sample (n = 9/34). Ragweed sensitisation was found in 2.9% (95% CI 0.7-19.7; n = 1/34), mugwort sensitisation in 2.9% (95% CI 0.1-14.9; n = 1/35), alder sensitisation in 17.1% (95% CI 6.6-33.6; n = 6/35), ash sensitisation in 12.5% (95% CI 3.5-29.0; n = 4/32) and grass sensitisation in 22.9% (95% CI 10.4-40.1; n = 8/35). Ragweed (95% CI 0.1-14.9; n = 1/34) and mugwort allergies (95% CI 0.1-14.9; n = 1/35) were both found in 2.9% of the population. CONCLUSION: This study showed a surprisingly low incidence of ragweed sensitisation and allergy, of 2.9% and 2.9%, respectively, 20 years after the first ragweed detection in Geneva. The feared rise in ragweed allergy seems not to have happened in Switzerland, compared with other ragweed colonised countries. These results strongly support early field strategies against ragweed