EFFECT OF ROSMARINIC ACID ON SERTOLI CELLS APOPTOSIS AND SERUM ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS IN RATS AFTER EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

Rosmarinic acid belongs to the group of polyphenols; it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and help to prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. The objective was to study the effect of Rosmarinic acid on sertolli cells apoptosis and serum antioxidant levels in rats after they were exposed to electromagnetic fields. Male Wistar rats (n=40) were allocated into three groups: control group (n=10) that received 5cc normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily by gavage method, Rosmarinic acid group that received 5mg/rat (gavage) (n=10), electromagnetic fields (EMF) group that had exposure with 50hz (n=20) which was subdivided to two groups of 10; EMF group and treatment group. Treatment group received 5mg/rat (gavage) Rosmarinic acid daily for 6weeks, respectively. However, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily (gavage). On the 42nd day of research, 5cc blood was collected to measure testosterone hormones, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), levels from whole group’s analysis. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and sertoli cells apoptosis significantly decreased in the group that received 5mg/rat of Rosmarinic acid (

Investigating the Relationship between CBC Indices and Anthropometric Indices in the Tabari Cohort Population

Background and purpose: Being Overweight is a global health problem and is related to important underlying diseases such as cardiovascular disease, malignancy, diabetes, fatty liver, etc. Over the past three decades, obesity has increased globally, especially in low-and middle-income countries. Numerous studies have shown that obesity increases the risk of developing chronic and threatening diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure, and reduces life expectancy. On the other hand, chronic inflammation around fat cells plays an important role in obesity-related diseases. Also, changes in blood parameters are associated with increased body mass and chronic inflammation in obesity, and peripheral blood cells, such as the number of platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, are related to the progression of various types of diseases and inflammatory conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the relationship between blood count biomarkers and anthropometric indicators in the adult group according to the Tabari cohort data. Materials and methods In the present study, cross-sectional data from a population-based cohort study called "Tabari Cohort Study" collected from 2014 to 2016 were used. This study is part of a nationwide study called "Epidemiological Prospective Study Group in Iran (Persian Cohort)". In the first phase of the Tabari cohort study, 10,255 participants aged between 35-70 years from urban and rural areas of Sari city were registered. Exclusion criteria in this study were inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, malignancy, cardiovascular diseases, transplantation, and receiving any type of immunosuppressive drug, and finally 9939 people including 4043 men and 5896 women were included in the study. Age, height, weight, anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference), CBC parameters including leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were recorded from the participants. By using the histogram drawing method to check whether the variables follow the normal distribution to decide between parametric or non-parametric analysis, T-test and ANOVA statistical tests, and SPSS 21 software, the results were extracted. The significance level in this study was considered to be 0.05 or less. Results: Waist-to-hip ratio was associated with higher WBC (P<0.001), platelet (P<0.001), and lymphocyte percentage (P<0.001). Higher waist-to-hip ratio was associated with higher WBC (P<0.001), platelet (P<0.001), lymphocyte percentage (P<0.001), and monocyte percentage (P<0.001). Higher BMI values were associated with higher WBC (P<0.001), platelet (P<0.001), lymphocyte (P<0.001) and monocyte (P<0.001) percentages. WBC, platelet, lymphocyte, and monocyte percentage were significantly higher in people who had a higher ratio of waist circumference to height (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the relationship between anthropometric indicators and blood findings in favor of inflammatory conditions and obesity can affect indicators related to whole blood count

MicroRNA Signatures of Drought Signaling in Rice Root

<div><p>Background</p><p>Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses and the main constraint to rice agriculture. MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation is one of the ways to establish drought stress tolerance in plants. MiRNAs are 20–24-nt regulatory RNAs that play an important role in regulating plant gene expression upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>In this study, we applied a partial root drying system as well as a complete root drying system to identify miRNAs involved in conditions of drought stress, drought signaling and wet signaling using high-throughput sequencing. To this end, we produced four small RNA libraries: (1) fully-watered (WW), (2) fully-droughted (WD), and split-root systems where (3) one-half was well watered (SpWW) and (4) the other half was water-deprived (SpWD). Our analysis revealed 10,671 and 783 unique known and novel miRNA reads in all libraries, respectively. We identified, 65 (52 known + 13 novel), 72 (61 known + 11 novel) and 51 (38 known + 13 novel) miRNAs that showed differential expression under conditions of drought stress, drought signaling and wet signaling, respectively. The results of quantitative real-time PCR showed expression patterns similar to the high-throughput sequencing results. Furthermore, our target prediction led to the identification of 244, 341 and 239 unique target genes for drought-stress-, drought-signaling- and wet-signaling-responsive miRNAs, respectively.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Our results suggest that miRNAs that are responsive under different conditions could play different roles in the regulation of abscisic acid signaling, calcium signaling, detoxification and lateral root formation.</p></div

Size distributions of small RNAs and First-nucleotide bias of miRNAs.

<p>(A) and (B) The size distribution of both total and unique small RNAs that were identified in all libraries. (C) First-nucleotide bias for 18–24-nt-long miRNAs.</p

Putative enriched pathways of targets under drought stress, drought signaling and wet signaling conditions.

<p>Putative enriched pathways of targets under drought stress, drought signaling and wet signaling conditions.</p

Summary of total and unique reads in small RNA libraries.

<p>Summary of total and unique reads in small RNA libraries.</p

Some of the important responsive known and novel miRNAs and their putative target genes.

<p>Red and green indicate up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs, respectively. MiRNAs highlighted in yellow are those that showed differential expression only under one of drought, drought signaling or wet signaling conditions. In this figure, important miRNAs are categorized according to important pathways that miRNAs and their targets could be involved including detoxification, growth and development, miRNA biogenesis, programmed cell death and signaling pathways.</p

Drought-responsive miRNAs identified in this study that were also detected in previous studies.

<p>Drought-responsive miRNAs identified in this study that were also detected in previous studies.</p

Confirmation of high-throughput sequencing results using qRT-PCR.

<p>MiRNA relative expression evaluated by qRT-PCR for WD (WD/WW), SpWW (SpWW/WW) and SpWD (SpWD/WW) compared with the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) results. In this test, 14 and 4 randomly selected (among conserved miRNAs and miRNAs with important targets) known and novel miRNAs have been examined. Asterisk indicates significant differentially expressed miRNAs evaluated by qRT-PCR using student t test. In addition, significant differentially expressed miRNAs evaluated by HTS are presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0156814#pone.0156814.s010" target="_blank">S5 Table</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0156814#pone.0156814.s011" target="_blank">S6 Table</a>.</p