FROM WORN-OUT TEXTURE TO IMPROVEMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION

Abstract. A considerable part of old textures in the process of accelerated urbanization has been neglectedand they have become worn-out and inefficient textures. Paying attention to urban worn-out textures is always one of the fundamental problems in old cities. Urban problems experts for years have tried to improve and reconstruct old texture. The most main objective and fundamental strategy of intervention measures in old texture is to return this series to the cycle of urban life. Only in this way one can hope that its historical-cultural values will be sustained. Intervention in cities` old texture is so much risky, time-consuming, complicated and sensitive. This issue was interesting in two last decades for planners and designers. Intervention in worn-out texture of cities provides a route for its improvement and reconstruction. This artile aims to present improvement and construction strategies; this article isdone by descriptive-analytical method.Key words: worn-out texture, intervention in texture, improvement, reconstruction

Mesoscopic Deformation Behaviour of Inconel 718 Fabricated By The Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process

The advantages of Inconel 718 (IN718) components fabricated by the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process have been well documented, and these components can be used in critical applications, such as aerospace industries. However, further studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of their deformation behaviour. As a result of characteristics of the SLM process, the IN718 samples fabricated by this process have a microstructure that is characterized by crystallographic texture and columnar grain structure. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the effects of grain morphology and crystal orientation on the deformation behaviour of IN718 fabricated by SLM process. Furthermore, since forging is a reliable manufacturing process that is widely used in many industries, a comparative study of IN718 fabricated by both SLM and forging processes were conducted. To achieve these aims, both samples were subjected to two heat treatments at 1010 °C and 1100 °C to mitigate some defects in the SLM fabricated sample. These heat treatments provided similar conditions in terms of phase formation in both SLM and forged samples to have a better comparative study. Heat-treating both samples at 1010 °C and 1100 °C led to transformation of the Laves and carbides to strengthening phases (γ′ and γ″) in SLM fabricated sample, and similar phases in both SLM and forged samples have been nucleated. In fact, during the dissolving of the Laves and carbide, the Nb will be released, which will lead to the formation of γ′ and γ″ phases. Although the crystal orientation of both SLM and forged heat-treated samples at 1010 °C did not change, recrystallisation occurred at 1100 °C for both SLM and forged samples. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique has been used here to study the deformation behaviour at the mesoscopic scale for IN718 sample fabricated by both SLM and forging processes. The strain in grains during deformation has been analysed by combining DIC and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) data. It has been found that due to the different morphology, and size of the grains in the melting pool area, there is a specific strain distribution pattern in the SLM fabricated sample, while in the forged fabricated sample the strain distributes randomly because of the homogenous grain structure. The columnar grains growing across the melting pool in the SLM fabricated sample were subjected to lower strain in compression than the grains in the melting pool. In addition, the columnar grains can vary in shape and size throughout the microstructure of SLM fabricated samples, and the more columnar grains there are, the closer their strain is to the average strain. Moreover, it has been concluded that the crystal orientation of the grains does not affect the strain distribution in both SLM and forged samples. Finally, the effects of heat treatments on the deformation behaviour at the mesoscopic scale have been studied. Moreover, deviation which is the difference between the highest and lowest strain values in various areas of a DIC strain map has been calculated. All heat-treated SLM samples and forged samples showed a decrease in deviation as the average strain increased in the elastic area, whereas deviation increased for SLM as-fabricated samples and forged as-received samples. Heat-treating both SLM and forged samples at 1010 °C resulted in decreasing the mean deviation in the elastic and beginning of the plastic area

Experimental Study on the deposition behavior of turbidity currents

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

The Homology Modeling and Docking Investigation of Human Cathepsin B

Background: Cathepsin B comprises a group of lysosomal cysteine proteases belonging to the Papain family; it has an intracellular function in the process of protein catabolism, antigen processing in the immune response, and Alzheimer’s disease. In cancers, cathepsin B interferes with autophagy and intracellular catabolism, and breaks down extracellular matrix, decreases protease inhibitors expression, and ultimately helps to accelerate metastasis, tumor malignancy, and reduce immune resistance. Methods: In this study, the 3D structure of cathepsin B was constructed using modeler and Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER), based on similarity to the crystallographic model of procathepsin B (1PBH). Then, the predicted cathepsin B model was evaluated using PROCHECK and PROSA for quality and reliability. Molecular studies suggested that the amino acids cysteine 108, histidine 189, and histidine 190 form the envelope of the active site of cathepsin B. The docking studies of cathepsin B was performed with protease inhibitors cystatin C, E-64 and leupeptin. Results: The lowest binding energy was related to the cathepsin B-E-64 complex. Accordingly, it was found that E64 interacts with the amino acid cysteine 108 of the active site of cathepsin B. Leupeptin made 2 hydrogen bonds with cathepsin B, but none with the active site of cathepsin amino acids. Cystatin C established a hydrogen bond with the arginine 18 of cathepsin B and made electrostatic bonds with aspartate 148 of cathepsin B. Conclusion: Therefore, the bioinformatics and docking studies of cathepsin B with its inhibitors could be used as reliable identification, treatment, and alternative methods for selecting the inhibitors and controllers of cancer progression

Demographic and Technical Risk Factors of 30-Day Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and/or Death in Standard- and High-Risk Patients Who Underwent Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting

Background: Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is an accepted treatment to prevent stroke in patients with carotid artery stenosis. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for major complications after CAS. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study that was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran from March 2011 to June 2014. Consecutive patients undergoing CAS were enrolled. Both standard- and high-risk patients for endarterectomy were enrolled. Demographic data, athero- Published online: June 9, 2015 Afshin Borhani Haghighi, MD Department of Neurology Nemazee Hospital Shiraz 71345 (Iran) E-Mail neuro.ab @ gmail.com www.karger.com/ine DOI: 10.1159/000430923 This work was done as the thesis project for the medical degree by Ms. Samaneh Yousefi

GPU-based 3D iceball modeling for fast cryoablation simulation and planning

Purpose The elimination of abdominal tumors by percutaneous cryoablation has been shown to be an effective and less invasive alternative to open surgery. Cryoablation destroys malignant cells by freezing them with one or more cryoprobes inserted into the tumor through the skin. Alternating cycles of freezing and thawing produce an enveloping iceball that causes the tumor necrosis. Planning such a procedure is difficult and time-consuming, as it is necessary to plan the number and cryoprobe locations and predict the iceball shape which is also influenced by the presence of heating sources, e.g., major blood vessels and warm saline solution, injected to protect surrounding structures from the cold. Methods This paper describes a method for fast GPU-based iceball modeling based on the simulation of thermal propagation in the tissue. Our algorithm solves the heat equation within a cube around the cryoprobes tips and accounts for the presence of heating sources around the iceball. Results Experimental results of two studies have been obtained: an ex vivo warm gel setup and simulation on five retrospective patient cases of kidney tumors cryoablation with various levels of complexity of the vascular structure and warm saline solution around the tumor tissue. The experiments have been conducted in various conditions of cube size and algorithm implementations. Results show that it is possible to obtain an accurate result within seconds. Conclusion The promising results indicate that our method yields accurate iceball shape predictions in a short time and is suitable for surgical planning

Unlocking Fine-Grained Details with Wavelet-based High-Frequency Enhancement in Transformers

Medical image segmentation is a critical task that plays a vital role in diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. Accurate segmentation of anatomical structures and abnormalities from medical images can aid in the early detection and treatment of various diseases. In this paper, we address the local feature deficiency of the Transformer model by carefully re-designing the self-attention map to produce accurate dense prediction in medical images. To this end, we first apply the wavelet transformation to decompose the input feature map into low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) subbands. The LF segment is associated with coarse-grained features while the HF components preserve fine-grained features such as texture and edge information. Next, we reformulate the self-attention operation using the efficient Transformer to perform both spatial and context attention on top of the frequency representation. Furthermore, to intensify the importance of the boundary information, we impose an additional attention map by creating a Gaussian pyramid on top of the HF components. Moreover, we propose a multi-scale context enhancement block within skip connections to adaptively model inter-scale dependencies to overcome the semantic gap among stages of the encoder and decoder modules. Throughout comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy on multi-organ and skin lesion segmentation benchmarks. The implementation code will be available upon acceptance. \href{https://github.com/mindflow-institue/WaveFormer}{GitHub}.Comment: Accepted in MICCAI 2023 workshop MLM

Medical Image Segmentation Review: The success of U-Net

Automatic medical image segmentation is a crucial topic in the medical domain and successively a critical counterpart in the computer-aided diagnosis paradigm. U-Net is the most widespread image segmentation architecture due to its flexibility, optimized modular design, and success in all medical image modalities. Over the years, the U-Net model achieved tremendous attention from academic and industrial researchers. Several extensions of this network have been proposed to address the scale and complexity created by medical tasks. Addressing the deficiency of the naive U-Net model is the foremost step for vendors to utilize the proper U-Net variant model for their business. Having a compendium of different variants in one place makes it easier for builders to identify the relevant research. Also, for ML researchers it will help them understand the challenges of the biological tasks that challenge the model. To address this, we discuss the practical aspects of the U-Net model and suggest a taxonomy to categorize each network variant. Moreover, to measure the performance of these strategies in a clinical application, we propose fair evaluations of some unique and famous designs on well-known datasets. We provide a comprehensive implementation library with trained models for future research. In addition, for ease of future studies, we created an online list of U-Net papers with their possible official implementation. All information is gathered in https://github.com/NITR098/Awesome-U-Net repository.Comment: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Journa

Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Simultaneous Treatment with Allium Cepa on Biochemical Parameters and Ultrastructure of Ovarian Tissues of Rats

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) (50 Hz, 3 mT) on biochemical parameters of rats’ ovarian tissues and the impact of Allium cepa on the reduction of potential adverse influences of electromagnetic exposure. Material and Methods: In this study 40 female Wistar rats were divided into four groups, including (1) control group (with 3 cc normal saline), (2) ELF-EMF group (exposed to ELF-EMF, 50 Hz), (3) Allium cepa group (received 3 cc Allium cepa), and (4) ELF-EMF and Allium cepa group (exposed to ELF-EMF and simultaneously received Allium cepa daily for 6 weeks. Results: The MDA levels significantly increased in the second group, which were exposed to ELF-EMF and decreased in normal rats that received Allium cepa. Although, SOD, GPx, and CAT activities significantly decreased in ELF-EMF group, the combination treatment with Allium Cepa on exposed rats restored their activities to normal levels. The conduction of transmission electron microscopy study on ELF-EMF group revealed the changes regarding cytoplasmic organelles in the ovarian follicles of exposed rats. Moreover, irregular oocyte with damaged heterochromatic nuclei was observed. In degenerative oocyte, mitochondria lost their cristae Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that ELF-EMF exposure might cause deleterious effect on ovarian tissues in rats, which may lead to infertility and subfertility. Moreover, using Allium cepa as a nutritional supplement can have beneficial effects in the protection of biological antioxidants and reproductive systems in cases exposed to ELF-EMF

Permeability Decline in Fractured Porous Media During Mineral Scaling: A Detailed Modeling Study

Brine injection into underground reservoirs is performed commonly in oil, natural gas, and geothermal industries. The injected fluid may contain some reactive ions that can cause mineral scaling. In addition, a porous medium may be naturally fractured or it can be fractured through hydraulic fracking. The existence of a fracture in a porous medium can facilitate the transport of reactive ions, which leads to a change in the deposition pattern and affects the permeability decline. This study presents a numerical method for modeling mineral precipitation–deposition in the fractured porous media. This study contributes to the analysis of the impact of fracture on permeability and porosity variations in porous media caused by mineral scaling. The results of the modeling indicate that deep invasion of reactive ions through fractures leads to steeper permeability reduction. This study showed that, with constant fracture length, a single fracture pattern experiences the highest permeability reduction compared to other patterns such as an internal fracture, a deviated fracture, a looped fracture, and multiple fractures. In addition, the relationship between fracture length and modeling parameters was investigated through inverse modeling. This showed that fracture length has a linear relationship with the formation damage coefficient, but it has an exponential correlation with the reaction kinetics coefficient