Prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión en una Unidad de Fisioterapia y análisis de factores asociados

El trabajo presente es un estudio descriptivo observacional transversal con una muestra de 50 pacientes, que por diferentes causas clínicas acudían al Servicio de Fisioterapia del Hospital Provincial Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza. A través de la realización de diferentes cuestionarios y escalas se pretendía conocer la prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión en los pacientes de la muestra, analizando su relación con diferentes aspectos referentes a las características del sujeto y la patología física en tratamiento fisioterápico, al estilo de vida, el dolor percibido, el grado de Salud en general y la Calidad de vida. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de estos trastornos en la Unidad de Fisioterapia, y la existencia de relaciones estadísticamente significativas con diferentes factores asociados

Wild animals are reservoirs and sentinels of staphylococcus aureus and MRSA clones: A problem with “one health” concern

Background: The availability of comprehensive data on the ecology and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA in wild animals is necessary to understand their relevance in the “One Health” domain. Objective: In this study, we determined the pooled prevalence of nasal, tracheal and/or oral (NTO) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage in wild animals, with a special focus on mecA and mecC genes as well as the frequency of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) of the lineages CC398 and CC130 in wild animals. Methodology: This systematic review was executed on cross-sectional studies that reported S. aureus and MRSA in the NTO cavities of wild animals distributed in four groups: non-human primates (NHP), wild mammals (WM, excluding rodents and NHP), wild birds (WB) and wild rodents (WR). Appropriate and eligible articles published (in English) between 1 January 2011 to 30 August 2021 were searched for from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciElo and Web of Science. Results: Of the 33 eligible and analysed studies, the pooled prevalence of NTO S. aureus and MRSA carriage was 18.5% (range: 0–100%) and 2.1% (range: 0.0–63.9%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in WM, NHP, WB and WR groups was 15.8/1.6, 32.9/2.0, 10.3/3.4 and 24.2/3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of mecC-MRSA among WM/NHP/WB/WR was 1.64/0.0/2.1/0.59%, respectively, representing 89.9/0.0/59.1/25.0% of total MRSA detected in these groups of animals.The MRSA-CC398 and MRSA-CC130 lineages were most prevalent in wild birds (0.64 and 2.07%, respectively); none of these lineages were reported in NHP studies. The MRSA-CC398 (mainly of spa-type t011, 53%), MRSA-CC130 (mainly of spa types t843 and t1535, 73%), MSSA-CC398 (spa-types t571, t1451, t6606 and t034) and MSSA-CC130 (spa types t843, t1535, t3625 and t3256) lineages were mostly reported. Conclusion: Although the global prevalence of MRSA is low in wild animals, mecC-mediated resistance was particularly prevalent among MRSA isolates, especially among WM and WB. Considering the genetic diversity of MRSA in wild animals, they need to be monitored for effective control of the spread of antimicrobial resistance

Nasotracheal enterococcal carriage and resistomes: detection of optrA-, poxtA- and cfrD-carrying strains in migratory birds, livestock, pets, and in-contact humans in Spain

This study determined the carriage rates and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of enterococci from nasotracheal samples of three healthy animal species and in-contact humans. Nasal samples were collected from 27 dog-owning households (34 dogs, 41 humans) and 4 pig-farms (40 pigs, 10 pig-farmers), and they were processed for enterococci recovery (MALDI-TOF–MS identification). Also, a collection of 144 enterococci previously recovered of tracheal/nasal samples from 87 white stork nestlings were characterized. The AMR phenotypes were determined in all enterococci and AMR genes were studied by PCR/sequencing. MultiLocus-Sequence-Typing was performed for selected isolates. About 72.5% and 60% of the pigs and pig-farmers, and 29.4% and 4.9%, of healthy dogs and owners were enterococci nasal carriers, respectively. In storks, 43.5% of tracheal and 69.2% of nasal samples had enterococci carriages. Enterococci carrying multidrug-resistance phenotype was identified in 72.5%/40.0%/50.0%/23.5%/1.1% of pigs/pig-farmers/dogs/dogs’ owners/storks, respectively. Of special relevance was the detection of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) in (a) 33.3% of pigs (E. faecalis-carrying optrA and/or cfrD of ST59, ST330 or ST474 lineages; E. casseliflavus-carrying optrA and cfrD); (b) 10% of pig farmers (E. faecalis-ST330-carrying optrA); (c) 2.9% of dogs (E. faecalis-ST585-carrying optrA); and (d) 1.7% of storks (E. faecium-ST1736-carrying poxtA). The fexA gene was found in all optrA-positive E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus isolates, while fexB was detected in the poxtA-positive E. faecium isolate. The enterococci diversity and AMR rates from the four hosts reflect differences in antimicrobial selection pressure. The detection of LRE carrying acquired and transferable genes in all the hosts emphasizes the need to monitor LRE using a One-Health approach

Detección y caracterización de cepas de Escherichia coli stx y/o eae positivas aisladas de carne de origen aviar

Introducción y objetivos: Escherichia coli productora de toxina Shiga (STEC) se asocia con diarrea leve, colitishemorrágica y síndrome hemolítico-urémico. E. coli enteropatógena (EPEC) se define como E. coli diarreogénica quecontiene el gen codificante de la intimina (eae) y carece de los genes codificantes de la toxina shiga (stx). Las EPEC sedividen en típicas (tEPEC) o atípicas (aEPEC) en función de la presencia o ausencia del gen bfp, respectivamente. Elobjetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la presencia de STEC y EPEC en carne de origen aviar, así como los fenotipos ygenotipos de resistencia a antibióticos y los linajes genéticos asociados.Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 60 aislados de E. coli procedentes de 48 muestras de carne de origen aviarrecuperados en agar MacConkey con/sin cefotaxima para analizar diferentes fenotipos de resistencia a antibióticos deinterés. Los aislados E. coli obtenidos se identificaron por MALDI-TOF. La presencia de los genes stx/eae se detectó porPCR y se determinaron los subtipos de stx1 mediante PCR-multiplex, stx2 mediante la secuenciación de la región másvariable del operón stxAB2 y las variantes de eae mediante PCR/secuenciación. En todos los aislados positivos para stxy/o eae se investigaron otros factores de virulencia (ehx, hlyA, saa, tia, bfp y subAB). Además, se estudiaron losmecanismos de resistencia a antibióticos y se realizó el tipado molecular mediante MLST en STEC y EPEC. Asimismo,se analizaron cepas seleccionadas no-STEC/EPEC mediante MLST.Resultados: Se identificaron cinco aislados STEC (8,33%) y dos EPEC (3,33%) entre los 60 estudiados. Todos losaislados STEC albergaban el gen stx1, y carecían de stx2. Se detectaron las siguientes variantes de stx1 (número de cepas):stx1a+stx1d (3), stx1c (1) y stx1a (1). Cuatro de las cinco STEC albergaban el gen de la adhesina autoaglutinante (saa).Se detectó el gen eae en dos aislados EPEC, en ausencia del gen stx; fueron bfp-negativos, considerándose aEPEC. Lavariante eae de los dos aislados EPEC fue beta-1 y no portaban genes de virulencia accesorios. Una de las cepas EPECera productora de una -lactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE) codificada por blaTEM-52. Además, un aislado STECmostró un fenotipo de multirresistencia (MDR), incluyendo tetraciclina, gentamicina y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol. Sedetectaron tres secuencias-tipo/filogrupos asociados al patotipo STEC (ST115/E, ST6446/A y ST1011/E) y dos al patotipoEPEC (ST752/A y ST302/B2). La cepa EPEC productora de la enzima TEM-52 pertenecía al linaje ST752/A. Se detectóun integrón de clase 1 en una cepa STEC. Los linajes ST1011/E, ST3764/A-E, ST6446/E y ST752/A se detectarontambién entre los aislados no-STEC/EPEC.Conclusión: Los patotipos STEC y EPEC se detectan en aislados de carne de origen aviar asociados a linajes genéticosdiversos, en ocasiones mostrando fenotipos MDR, incluidos los productores de BLEEs. Los linajes ST1011/E, ST6446/Ey ST752/A se detectan tanto entre las cepas EPEC y STEC como en las carentes de estos genes de virulencia

Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances in Staphylococci of Different Origins and Species With Activity Against Relevant Pathogens

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides with relevance in the modulation of human and animal microbiota that have gained interest in biomedical and biotechnological applications. In this study, the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) was tested among a collection of 890 staphylococci of different origins (humans, animals, food, and the environment) and species, both coagulase-positive (CoPS, 238 isolates of 3 species) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, 652 isolates of 26 species). Of the 890 staphylococci, 60 (6.7%) showed antimicrobial activity by the spot-on-lawn method against at least one of the 25 indicator bacteria tested. BLIS-producer (BLIS+) isolates were detected in 8.8% of CoPS and 6.0% of CoNS. The staphylococcal species with the highest percentages of BLIS+ isolates were S. chromogenes (38.5%), S. pseudintermedius (26.7%), and S. warneri (23.1%). The production of BLIS was more frequently detected among isolates of pets, wild animals, and food. Moreover, 13 BLIS+ isolates showed wide antimicrobial activiy spectrum, and 7 of these isolates (of species S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. sciuri, and S. hominis) demonstrated antimicrobial activity against more than 70% of the indicator bacteria tested. The genetic characterization (by PCR and sequencing) of the 60 BLIS+ isolates revealed the detection of (a) 11 CoNS and CoPS isolates carrying putative lantibiotic-like genes; (b) 3 S. pseudintermedius isolates harboring the genes of BacSp222 bacteriocin; and (c) 2 S. chromogenes isolates that presented the gene of a putative cyclic bacteriocin (uberolysin-like), being the first report in this CoNS species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in BLIS+ isolates and one-third of the CoNS isolates showed susceptibility to all antibiotics tested, which also lacked the virulence genes studied. These BLIS+ CoNS are good candidates for further characterization studies