Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolates in the Republic of Belarus

Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. Salmonella spp., which can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food, are among the most important foodborne pathogens worldwide. Materials and methods. The antimicrobial resistance of 358 bacterial isolates collected from food and water in the Republic of Belarus (Belarus) in 20182021 was studied by analyzing phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antibiotic bacterial resistance. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to classify and identify bacteria. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria was measured by the minimum inhibitory concentration method using a Sensititre automated bacteriological analyzer and the disk diffusion test for 45 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates were identified by whole-genome sequencing. Results. The in vitro testing of phenotypic bacterial susceptibility showed high susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (97.2%), third-generation cephalosporins (93.9%), carbapenems (98.0%), ampicillin (81.8%), aminoglycosides (97.5%), tetracyclines (87.5%), chloramphenicol (93.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) (95.3%) and colistin (85.2%). It was found that the antibiotic resistance mechanism in S. enterica was associated with the presence of genes blaTEM-1B (82%), blaTEM-1C (7.7%), blaSHV-12 (2.6%), blaDHA-1 (2.6%), blaCMY-2 (7.7%), qnrB2 (9.1%), qnrB4 (9.1%), qnrB5 (9.1%), qnrB19 (72.7%), aac(6)-Ib-cr (9.1%), aac(6)-Iaa (100%), aadA1 (13.2%), aadA2 (8.8%), tetB (74.3%), tetA (25.7%), tetM (2.9%), tetD (28.6%), mcr-9 (1.5%). Conclusion. All the bacterial isolates were phenotypically susceptible to first-line antibiotics used in treatment of salmonellosis: fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. The whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates (19.0%) detected resistance genes for 9 groups of antibiotics: aminoglycosides (100%), beta-lactams (57.4%), fluoroquinolones (16.2%), tetracyclines (51.5%), macrolides (1.5%), phenicols (30.4%), trimethoprim (13.0%), sulfonamides (47.8%) and colistin (1.4%). Thus, epidemiological surveillance of the Salmonella spread through the food chain is of critical importance for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance among foodborne Salmonella

Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults

Public organization &ldquo;Russian Association of Endocrinologists&rdquo;. Clinical guidelines.&nbsp

Diabetes mellitus type 1 in adults

Public organization &ldquo;Russian Association of Endocrinologists&rdquo;. Clinical guidlines

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Analysis of mass sports development in Russia and Europe

In this article, the authors consider the development of mass sports in Russia and Europe, study such indicators of the development of physical culture as the number of systematically engaged in physical activity, the age of the people engaged in sports, preferred places for physical training, as well as the level of satisfaction with the conditions for physical activity in the community. The authors also give examples of projects for the development of physical activity in Russia and Europe

Rhythmic gymnastics for amateurs: problems and development potential

The authors studied theoretical foundations of amateur sport. The research was based on rhythmic gymnastics for adult amateurs. The key goal of the research was to analyse the current status of rhythmic gymnastics for amateurs, to reveal the conditions of its appearance and its development potential. The authors conducted the research in Graal rhythmic gymnastics sport club. As a result of the research the key peculiarities and problems of the development of rhythmic gymnastics for amateurs were defined. In the process of the research questionings of amateur athletes on the topic of motivation to amateur rhythmic gymnastics trainings, the problems they face in this sport, as well as their previous training and expectations from classes, were conducted. The results of this research allow to recommend these theoretical and practical materials for the specialists, who work in the sphere of physical culture and sports, and for organisations, who implement trainings for amateur athletes. It was defined that rhythmic gymnastics for amateurs is considered to be a perfect alternative to trainings in fitness clubs. Thanks to it, people have the opportunity to realise their needs both in physical activity and in achieving competitive results

Obtaining a composite material based on cobalt (II) ferrite for purification of aqueous solutions

In modern society, the detrimental effect of industrial production on the environment is intensifying. Contaminated wastewaters of industrial enterprises deteriorate the environmental situation and violate the ecosystem stability. One of efficient methods of dealing with harmful impurities in wastewater is to remove them using adsorption active materials. Oxide systems of ferrites of transition elements are one example of materials with multifunctional properties. The possibility of synthesizing nanoscale cobalt (II) ferrite and a composite material based on it with the CoFe2O4/C composition was studied. The obtained materials were studied using X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy (SEM), and the BET method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. It was established that cobalt (II) ferrite has a developed surface (the surface area measured by the BET method is 16 m2/g, the average crystallite size obtained by the Debye-Scherrer method is 4.0 nm). The mechanism of CoFe2O4 structure formation is considered. The composite material CoFe2O4/C is characterized by a high surface area (222 m2/g, average crystallite size of 1.1 nm) and exhibits increased adsorption ability with respect to copper (II) cations from aqueous solutions. The obtained results are of interest as materials for purification of aqueous solutions

<i>Barranca variabilis</i> sp. nov.—A New Terrestrial Alga of the Genus <i>Barranca</i> (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyta) from the Baikal Region (Russia)

Filamentous green chaetophoralean algae are distributed mainly in aquatic ecosystems, less known from terrestrial habitats. Many of them have a complicated thalli and complex life cycles that make it difficult to determine these organisms by morphology. Description of new representatives of the Chaetophorales continues. In this study, we have explored the filamentous green alga IRK–A 341 from soil of the Baikal Region by light and electron microscopy along with molecular phylogeny. Based on the results of morphological, ecological, and molecular phylogenetic analyses (18S–28S rDNA, tufA), we described the studied alga as the new species, Barranca variabilis sp. nov. The study complements the data on the diversity of soils green filamentous algae, and their biogeography. For the first time, the data on the structure of the cell walls and the cell ultrastructure of Barranca were established. The information on the morphology of the reproductive and resting cells is updated