Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Instability-based mechanism for body undulations in centipede locomotion

Centipedes have many body segments and legs and they generate body undulations during terrestrial locomotion. Centipede locomotion has the characteristic that body undulations are absent at low speeds but appear at faster speeds; furthermore, their amplitude and wavelength increase with increasing speed. There are conflicting reports regarding whether the muscles along the body axis resist or support these body undulations and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the body undulations remain largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated centipede locomotion dynamics using computer simulation with a body-mechanical model and experiment with a centipede-like robot and then conducted dynamic analysis with a simple model to clarify the mechanism. The results reveal that body undulations in these models occur due to an instability caused by a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. We subsequently compared these results with data obtained using actual centipedes. The model and actual centipedes exhibit similar dynamic properties, despite centipedes being complex, nonlinear dynamic systems. Based on our findings, we propose a possible passive mechanism for body undulations in centipedes, similar to a follower force or jackknife instability. We also discuss the roles of the muscles along the body axis in generating body undulations in terms of our physical model

Functional Roles of Phase Resetting in the Gait Transition of a Biped Robot From Quadrupedal to Bipedal Locomotion

Although physiological studies have shown evidence of phase resetting during fictive locomotion, the functional roles of phase resetting in actual locomotion remain largely unclear. In this paper, we have constructed a control system for a biped robot based on physiological findings and investigated the functional roles of phase resetting in the gait transition from quadrupedal to bipedal locomotion by numerical simulations and experiments. So far, although many studies have investigated methods to achieve stable locomotor behaviors for various gait patterns of legged robots, their transitions have not been thoroughly examined. Especially, the gait transition from quadrupedal to bipedal requires drastic changes in the robot posture and the reduction of the number of supporting limbs, and therefore, the stability greatly changes during the transition. Thus, this transition poses a challenging task. We constructed a locomotion control system using an oscillator network model based on a two-layer hierarchical network model of a central pattern generator while incorporating the phase resetting mechanism and created robot motions for the gait transition based on the physiological concept of synergies. Our results, which demonstrate that phase resetting increases the robustness in gait transition, will contribute to the understanding of the phase resetting mechanism in biological systems and lead to a guiding principle to design control systems for legged robots

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study (Intensive Care Medicine, (2021), 47, 2, (160-169), 10.1007/s00134-020-06234-9)

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The members of the ESICM Trials Group Collaborators were not shown in the article but only in the ESM. The full list of collaborators is shown below. The original article has been corrected