Occurrence, Fate And Effects Of Pharmaceuticals And Hormones In Aquatic Environment

Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012Bu çalışmanın temel amacı sucul ortamlardaki ilaç ve hormon kalıntılarının varlığı, değişimi ve etkileri üzerine bilimsel bilgi oluşturmaktır. Bu bağlamda çok fazla kullanılan 10 adet ilaç etken maddesi ve 4 adet östrojen hormon bir yıllık satış verilerine göre seçilmiştir. Önemli bir içme suyu kaynağı olan Büyükçekmece Gölü ve bu göle akan beş adet derede seçilen ilaçların anlık konsantrasyonları izlenmiştir. Katı faz ekstraksiyonu ve tandem kütle spektroskopisine bağlı ultra performanslı sıvı kromatograf kullanılarak hızlı ve hassas bir ölçüm yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Bazı ilaçlar, nehirlerde µg/L seviyesinde ölçülmüştür. En sık tespit edilen maddeler kafein ve antibiyotikler iken sentetik bir hormon olan 17α-ethynylestradiol sadece 4 defa tespit edilerek en az tespit edilen madde olmuştur. Bununla birlikte ilaç ve hormonların ekosistem üzerindeki etkileri, besin zincirinde farklı kademelerde bulunan canlılar üzerindeki farklı etkiler hakkında bilgi edinebilmek üzere çeşitli ekotoksikolojik araçlar ile belirlenmiştir. P. subcapitata akut ekotoksik etkileri belilemek üzere kullanılırken D. magna hem akut hem de kronik ekotoksik etkilerin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Mutajenik ve östrojenik etkileri belirlemek üzere sırasıyla AMES ve YES testleri kullanılmıştır. P. subcapitata ve D. magna ile yürütülen deneyler sonucunda ilaç ve hormonların yüzeysel sularda bulunan konsantrasyonlarının herhangi bir akut etki yaratması beklenmese de çalışılan maddelerin kronik etkilerinin ekosistem dengesini sarsıcı olabileceği gözlenmiştir. Tekil maddelerin etkilerinin gözlenmesinin yanında, bilimesel literatürde bulunan bilgi eksikliği nedeniyle ilaç ve hormon karışımlarının yarattığı etkiler de çalışılmıştır. D. magna akut ve kronik ve P. subcapitata akut ekotoksisite testlerinde bütün karışımlar sinerjistik etki göstermiştlerdir. Ayrıca maddelerin tekil olarak etki göstermedikleri konsantrasyonlarda karıştırılmaları durumunda, oluşturulan karışımlar ekotoksik etki yaratmaktadır.The aim of this study is to provide specific information on the occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceuticals and hormones in aquatic environment. Ten widely used pharmaceuticals and 4 estrogen hormones were selected according to one year-sales data. Büyükçekmece Lake and its five main tributaries were selected for the monitoring of the compounds. A rapid and sensitive method using SPE-LC-MS/MS was developed for measurement of the target compounds. Some pharmaceuticals were detected as high as µg/L levels in the rivers. Most frequently detected compounds were caffeine and antibiotics. In addition, different tools were used for the determination of ecological impacts of selected compounds to cover different effects and to understand responses of different species in different levels of the food web. P. subcapitata was used for the determination of acute effects whereas D. magna was used for the determination of both acute and chronic effects. Mutagenic and estrogenic effects were determined with AMES and YES tests, respectively. The results of ecotoxicological tests indicate that even tough studied pharmaceuticals and hormones may not have acute adverse effects at low concentrations; they may have drastic chronic effects. The effects of mixtures of pharmaceutical and hormones were also studied since there was a lack of data in the scientific literature. All mixtures had synergistic interaction for D. magna acute immobilization, P. subcapitata growth inhibition, and D. magna reproduction inhibition tests. Moreover, mixtures had stronger toxicity than predicted values even at concentrations at which single compounds do not exhibit effects for ecotoxicological tests.DoktoraPh

Toxicity And Inhibition Evaluation Of Hazardous Wastes From Metal Finishing Processes To Vibrio Fischeri

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2005Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2005Zararlı atık üreticisi endüstriler için atığın özelliklerinden dolayı tanım, tespit, arıtma/depolama/uzaklaştırma prosedürleri ve yönetmeliklerdeki açıklar nedeniyle sorunlar vardır. Bu sorunlardan en önemlisi tehlike kriterlerinden birisi olan toksisitedir. Endüstriyel kimyasalların, çevre kirleticilerinin ve diğer maddelerin toksisitelerinin belirlenmesi işçi sağlığının ve topluluğun diğer elemanlarının korunmasında önemli bir adımı teşkil eder. Çünkü toksik kirleticiler türlerin, popülasyonların, toplulukların ve ekosistem proseslerinin üzerindeki çeşitli etkileri ile ekosistemin sürdürülebilirliğini tehdit ederler. Metal son işlemleri endüstrisi toksik özellikli tehlikeli atık üreten en önemli birincil üretim endüstrilerinden biridir. Metal son işlemleri endüstrisinin çevreye olan en önemli etkisi, kirleticilerin yüzeysel ve yeraltı sularına sızmasıdır. Bu proje kapsamında, bir metal son işlemleri endüstrisinin prosesleri incelendi ve bu endüstrinin zararlı atıkları ABD Çevre Koruma Örgütünün(EPA) zararlı atık listelerine göre tespit edildi. Bu endüstrinin proseslerinden kaynaklanan atıksuların karakterizasyonu yapıldı. Bu karakterizasyon sonucu ortaya çıkacak metallerin birbirleriyle ve siyanürle olan sinerjistik ve antogonistik etkileşimleri Vibrio Fisheri bakterilerini kullanan BioToxTM testi ile elde edilen EC50 değerleri ile incelenmiştir. Bu etkileşimlerin arıtma tesisi oksidasyon ve kimyasal arıtım üniteleri sonrasında nasıl değiştiği arıtım kademelerinin çamuru ve üst suyunda yürütülen toksisite deneyleri ile ortaya koyulmuştur. Sinerjism/antogonism ve toksikolojik etkileşimler atıksuların, çamurdan Toxicity Characterization of Leaching Procedure (TCLP) metoduna bağlı kalınarak elde edilmiş ekstraktın toksisitesi ile karşılaştırılmış ve arıtım performansı değerlendirilmiştir.Industries generating hazardous wastes deal with very tough issues according to the properties of the wastes. One of them is toxicity which is the most important criterion of the hazardous waste. The assessment of toxicity of industrial chemicals, environmental pollutants, and other substances represents an important element in the protection of the health of the worker and member of communities because toxic pollutants can disturb the sustainability of natural ecosystem by variety of effects on species, populations, communities, and ecosystem processes, although such systems characterized by dynamic stability having some capacity to absorb pollutants. Metal finishing industry is the one of the most important industries dealing with the toxicity of the hazardous wastes. One of the most important environmental impacts of metal finishing industry’s wastes is the leaching of pollutants to the surface and groundwater. In this research, process of a metal finishing industry was investigated and hazardous wastes of this industry were determined according to the US EPA’s hazardous waste lists. Characterization of the wastewaters was done. Toxicological interaction between heavy metals and cyanide was investigated in concentrations determined in the characterization of electroplating bath sludge and its supernatant. Synergistic and antagonistic effects between the heavy metals and cyanide were quantified according to EC50 values from BioToxTM test using Vibrio Fisheri. These synergism/antagonism and toxicological interaction were compared with the toxicity of sludge, the leachates of sludge extracted in respect of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

A case of primary hypoparathyroidism presenting with acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis

Hypoparathyroidism is the most common cause of symmetric calcification of the basal ganglia. Herein, a case of primary hypoparathyroidism with severe tetany, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury is presented. A 26-year-old male was admitted to the emergency clinic with leg pain and cramps, nausea, vomiting, and decreased amount of urine. He had been treated for epilepsy for the last 10 years. He was admitted to the emergency department for leg pain, cramping in the hands and legs, and agitation multiple times within the last six months. He was prescribed antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. He had a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, diffuse abdominal tenderness, and abdominal muscle rigidity on physical examination. Pathological laboratory findings were as follows: creatinine, 7.5 mg/dL, calcium, 3.7 mg/dL, alanine transaminase, 4349 U/L, aspartate transaminase, 5237 U/L, creatine phosphokinase, 262.000 U/L, and parathyroid hormone, 0 pg/mL.There were bilateral symmetrical calcifications in basal ganglia and the cerebellum on computerized tomography. He was diagnosed as primary hypoparathyroidism and acute kidney injury secondary to severe rhabdomyolysis. Brain calcifications, although rare, should be considered in dealing with patients with neurological symptoms, symmetrical cranial calcifications, and calcium metabolism abnormalities

Helicobacter pylori infection in amniotic fluid may cause hyperemesis gravidarum

Objectives: Limited data are available from recent trials involving pregnant women to guide Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis. There are no data about the presence of H. pylori in the amniotic fluid as well. Furthermore, the relation between amniotic fluid H. pylori and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) has not been characterized yet. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted after obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee. Pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis were enrolled in the study. The stool antigen test assessed the presence of H. pylori in amniotic fluid. A perinatologist independently performed an amniocentesis. The obtained amniotic liquid was sent to the laboratory to evaluate H. pylori infection by stool H. pylori antigen assay. We determined the rate of H. pylori in amniotic fluid and assessed relations between H. pylori infection and pregnancy outcome, including HG. Results: Between May and September 2017, we enrolled 48 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis to detect possible fetal malformations. Patients were divided into two groups regarding the HG status. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of H. pylori infection presence. Among them, 28 (58.3%) were found to have a positive H. pylori test in their amniotic fluid. The rate of HG was significantly higher (71.4%) in patients who tested positive for H. pylori in amniocentesis than the H. pylori-negative group (20%), (p<0.001). Conclusions: The study’s main new finding is that presence of H. pylori in the amniotic fluid is possible. Our data suggest that H. pylori-infected amniotic fluid is associated with the experience of past HG. The current study may have important implications for HG detection and help identify patients who would benefit from future preventive strategies. © 2020 Global Research Online. All rights reserved

Integration of environmental and human health risk assessment for industries using hazardous materials: A quantitative multi criteria approach for environmental decision makers

Environmental management, for which environmental and human health risk assessment is the first stage, is a requirement for industries both before construction and during operation in order to sustain improved quality of life in the ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose an approach that integrates environmental and human health risk assessment for industries using hazardous materials in order to support environmental decision makers with quantitative and directive results. Analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy logic are used as tools to handle problems caused by complexity of environment and uncertain data. When the proposed approach is implemented to a scenario, it was concluded that it is possible to define risk sources with their risk classes and related membership degrees in that classes which enable the decision maker to decide which risk source has priority. In addition, they can easily point out and rank the factors contributing those risk sources owing to priority weights of them. As a result, environmental decision makers can use this approach while they are developing management alternatives for unfounded and on-going industrial plants using hazardous materials. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Interdural hematomas: An update of literature

WOS: 000398129600014PubMed ID: 27857038Interdural hematoma (IDH) is an extremely rare entity. To our knowledge, to date, only 6 cases of in hemorrhage, aneurysm rupture, intrauterine asphyxia, and mechanical injury.1-6 Interdural hematomas can be misdiagnosed as extradural hematoma (EDH) because of their similar clinical presentation and radiologic features.1 The clinical data of these six cases are displayed in Table Iterdural hematomas have been reported with varying etiologies, such as iatrogenic

sectoral drought vulnerability and drought period forecasts in van lake basin, Turkey until 2100

Van Lake Basin consists of critical regions in regards to drought events. Specifically, the droughts have an impacton the socio-economic level, which is considered to be the most extreme phase of the drought in that area. Besides,it began to trigger the migration from the basin due to the intense drought event. Therefore, drought conditionsthat may occur during the future periods on this basin have been determined by drought indices. In addition to this,vulnerability analysis were conducted for 5 different sectors (drinking-use, agriculture-livestock, tourism, industryand ecosystem) in the basin. Drought calculations were made for different indices (SPI, scPDSI, scPHDI, SRI andNDVI) by using in situ measurements: precipitation, temperature, evaporation, flow values, and satellite imagesto determine the drought intensity and period of the basin. The indices were computed in different time periods(1, 3, 6, 9, 12...48 months) and the indices types and periods that could represent the basin for different droughtconditions (meteorological, agricultural and hydrological) were determined. Additionally, hydrological model ofthe basin was conducted for the actual situation by MIKE-NAM model. The annual changes of the hydrologicalcomponents which are the overland flow, interflow and baseflow were examined and compared with the resultsdeduced from indices calculations. Over and above, the hydrological model of the basin has been re-run over theyears (2017-2100) by using the climate projections including precipitation, temperature and evaporation. Thus, theflow values of the basin were obtained during the projection period. The hydrological model enables flow forecastsand using SRI for the hydrological drought prediction throughout the climate projection period. After that, theindices were recalculated to cover the projection years and compared with each other again. The findings obtainedfrom the first and the last indices comparisons indicate that the same indices types and periods give the bestresult for the basin. Furthermore, the hydrological components of the basin can also be analyzed annually duringprojection periods. The results of drought analysis were then combined with the water susceptibility, economicvalue and the adaptability of each sector in the basin against drought on the basis of sub-basins. The sectoralvulnerability analysis of the basin were examined in four main classes (slight, moderate, severe and extreme) until2100. The inferences play a crucial role in determining the precautions for the government decision-makers whoare responsible for the drought mitigation

Dinoproston vajinal ovül ile doğum indüksiyonu; erken membran rüptürlü term gebelikte güvenli ve etkili midir?

Objective: Our aim in this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of controlledrelease dinoprostone vaginal insert in patients with intact membranes and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Material and Methods: Eighty-six term pregnants with singleton pregnancy, with no prior uterine scar, vertex presentation, bishop score = 5, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as PROM patients (n:27) and patients with intact membranes (n:59). Labor induction with controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert was performed to all cases. The groups were compared with each other in terms of cervical ripening, success of the induction, adverse neonatal outcomes and presence of maternal side effects. Results: In the PROM group and the intact membrane group, the cervical ripening was completed at 4th hours and at 6th hours, respectively (p=0.01 and p=0.001). The mean time to onset of active labor was 6,63 hours in the PROM group and 7,81 hours in the intact membranes group (p=0.1). There was no significant difference in low 1. and 5. minute Apgar scores, low umbilical artery pH, administration to neonatal intensive care unit, and operative vaginal delivery between the two groups. Maternal vomiting, diarrhea, uterine tachysystole were not observed and there was no case of maternal or neonatal death. Conclusion: These data overall suggest that controlled-release dinoprostone insert use is effective and safe in patients with PROM just like in patients with intact membranes.Bu çalışmada amacımız, Erken Membran Rüptürü (EMR) ve intakt membranlı hasta-- larda kontrollü salınımlı dinoproston vajinal ovülün güvenilirliğini ve etkinliğini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bishop skoru g5, baş geliş, önceden uterin skarı olmayan 86 term tekil gebe çalışmaya alındı. Hastalar EMR (n:27) ve intakt membranlı olarak (n59) iki gruba ayrıldı. Tüm va-- kalara kontrollü salınımlı dinoproston ile doğum indüksiyonu uygulandı. Gruplar servikal olgunla-- şma, indüksiyon başarısı, olumsuz yenidoğan sonuçları ve anneye ait yan etkiler açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: EMR ve membranları sağlam grupta, servikal olgunlaşma sırasıyla ve 6. saatlerde tamamlandı (p=0,01 and p=0,001). Aktif doğum fazının ortalama başlama süresi EMR gru-- bunda 6,63 saat ve membranları sağlam grupta 7,81 saaatidi (p=0,1). Düşük 1. ve 5. dakika Apgar skoru, düşük umblikal arter pH, yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine başvuru ve operatif vajinal do-- ğumda iki grup arasında istatistiksel fark yoktu. Annede kusma, diyare, uterin taşisistol gözlenmedi ve maternal neonatal ölüm olmadı. Sonuç: Bu veriler kontrollü sahmli dinoproston ovül kullanımının intakt membranlı hastalarda olduğu gibi EMR hastalarda da etkili ve güvenli olduğunu göstermektedir

Ted Ankara Koleji Geleneksel Kuru Fasulye Günü’nün tarihi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2015.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Özer, Abdürrahim

Alternatif kopleman yolağı ile ilişkili glomerulopatilerde genetik faktörlerin böbrek sağkalımı üzerine etkisi

Amaç: C3 glomerulopati (C3GP) ve atipik hemolitik üremik sendrom (aHUS), alternatif kompleman yolağı ile ilişkili glomerüler hastalıklardır (ACPAG). Bu çalışmanın amacı, ACPAG'lı hastalarda, hastalığa neden olan genetik varyasyonları ve onların fenotip ile korelasyonunu saptamaktır. Gereç-Yöntem: ACPAG’lı 42 hasta, CFH (Kompleman Faktör H) (22 ekzon) ve CFI (Kompleman faktör I) (13 ekzon) genlerinin genetik varyasyonları Sanger DNA dizileme yöntemi ile tarandı.Bulgular: Ondokuz C3GP’li hastanın 17'sinde (% 89), 23 aHUS'lü hastanın 22'sinde (% 96) CFH'nin genetik anomalileri tespit edildi. CFI genetik anomalileri, sırasıyla C3GP ve aHUS bulunan 4 hastada (% 21) ve 7 hastada (% 30) tespit edildi. Y402H CFH alleli en yaygın varyasyon olup C3GP (MAF: 0.32) ve aHUS (MAF: 0.39) hastalardaki bu allel frekansları ExAC veri setindeki kontrollere benzerdi. C3GP hasta grubunda tam ve kısmi remisyon oranları sırasıyla % 16 (n = 3) ve % 26 (n = 5), aHUS hasta grubunda sırasıyla % 35 (n = 8) ve % 13 (n = 3) idi (p = 0.29). İzlem sırasında, aHUS'lü 12 (% 52) hasta ve C3GP'li 6 (% 31) hastada son dönem böbrek yetmezliği (SDBY) gelişti (p = 0.18). C3GP ve aHUS hasta gruplarında CFH genindeki genetik değişikliklerin SDBY’e gelişimini etkilemediği gözlemlendi. C3GP grubunda, E303K CFI alleli olan hastalar SDBY’de daha sık geliştiği görüldü (% 75'e karşı% 20, p = 0.03).Sonuç: ACPAG'lı hastalarda komplemanla ilişkili genetik varyasyonların görülme sıklığı oldukça yüksek bulundu. Genotip-fenotip korelasyonları ile ilgili olarak, C3GP'deki CFI mutasyonları hastalık aktivitesini izlemek ve tedaviyi kişiselleştirmek için yardımcı olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz