Tri-axial accelerometry shows differences in energy expenditure and parental effort throughout the breeding season in long-lived raptors

Cutting-edge technologies are extremely useful to develop new workflows in studying ecological data, particularly to understand animal behavior and movement trajectories at the individual level. Although parental care is a well-studied phenomenon, most studies have been focused on direct observational or video recording data, as well as experimental manipulation. Therefore, what happens out of our sight still remains unknown. Using high-frequency GPS/GSM dataloggers and tri-axial accelerometers we monitored 25 Bonelli's eagles Aquila fasciata during the breeding season to understand parental activities from a broader perspective. We used recursive data, measured as number of visits and residence time, to reveal nest attendance patterns of biparental care with role specialization between sexes. Accelerometry data interpreted as the overall dynamic body acceleration, a proxy of energy expenditure, showed strong differences in parental effort throughout the breeding season and between sexes. Thereby, males increased substantially their energetic requirements, due to the increased workload, while females spent most of the time on the nest. Furthermore, during critical phases of the breeding season, a low percentage of suitable hunting spots in eagles' territories led them to increase their ranging behavior in order to find food, with important consequences in energy consumption and mortality risk. Our results highlight the crucial role of males in raptor species exhibiting biparental care. Finally, we exemplify how biologging technologies are an adequate and objective method to study parental care in raptors as well as to get deeper insight into breeding ecology of birds in general

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) regulates mesenchymal stem cells through let-7f microRNA and Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-independent regulator of growth and apoptosis in various cell types. The receptors and signaling pathways that are involved in the growth factor activities of TIMP-1, however, remain controversial. RNA interference of TIMP-1 has revealed that endogenous TIMP-1 suppresses the proliferation, metabolic activity, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The knockdown of TIMP-1 in hMSCs activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as indicated by the increased stability and nuclear localization of β-catenin in TIMP-1–deficient hMSCs. Moreover, TIMP-1 knockdown cells exhibited enhanced β-catenin transcriptional activity, determined by Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression analysis and a luciferase-based β-catenin– activated reporter assay. An analysis of a mutant form of TIMP-1 that cannot inhibit MMP indicated that the effect of TIMP-1 on β-catenin signaling is MMP independent. Furthermore, the binding of CD63 to TIMP-1 on the surface of hMSCs is essential for the TIMP-1–mediated effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An array analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) and transfection studies with specific miRNA inhibitors and mimics showed that let-7f miRNA is crucial for the regulation of β-catenin activity and osteogenic differentiation by TIMP-1. Let-7f was up-regulated in TIMP-1–depleted hMSCs and demonstrably reduced axin 2, an antagonist of β-catenin stability. Our results demonstrate that TIMP-1 is a direct regulator of hMSC functions and reveal a regulatory network in which let-7f modulates Wnt/β-catenin activity

Interactions between Seagrass Complexity, Hydrodynamic Flow and Biomixing Alter Food Availability for Associated Filter-Feeding Organisms

Seagrass shoots interact with hydrodynamic forces and thereby a positively or negatively influence the survival of associated species. The modification of these forces indirectly alters the physical transport and flux of edible particles within seagrass meadows, which will influence the growth and survivorship of associated filter-feeding organisms. The present work contributes to gaining insight into the mechanisms controlling the availability of resources for filter feeders inhabiting seagrass canopies, both from physical (influenced by seagrass density and patchiness) and biological (regulated by filter feeder density) perspectives. A factorial experiment was conducted in a large racetrack flume, which combined changes in hydrodynamic conditions, chlorophyll a concentration in the water and food intake rate (FIR) in a model active filter-feeding organism (the cockle). Results showed that seagrass density and patchiness modified both hydrodynamic forces and availability of resources for filter feeders. Chlorophyll a water content decreased to 50% of the initial value when densities of both seagrass shoots and cockles were high. Also, filter feeder density controlled resource availability within seagrass patches, depending on its spatial position within the racetrack flume. Under high density of filter-feeding organisms, chlorophyll a levels were lower between patches. This suggests that the pumping activity of cockles (i.e. biomixing) is an emergent key factor affecting both resource availability and FIR for filter feeders in dense canopies. Applying our results to natural conditions, we suggest the existence of a direct correlation between habitat complexity (i.e. shoot density and degree of patchiness) and filter feeders density. Fragmented and low-density patches seem to offer both greater protection from hydrodynamic forces and higher resource availability. In denser patches, however, resources are allocated mostly within the canopy, which would benefit filter feeders if they occurred at low densities, but would be limiting when filter feeder were at high densities

Micro and nano smart composite films based on copper-iodine coordination polymer as thermochromic biocompatible sensors

Herein is presented the preparation and characterization of a composite material obtained by the combination of nanosheets of a coordination polymer (CP) based on the copper(I)-I double chain with response to temperature and pressure with polylactic acid (PLA) as biodegradable organic matrix. The new films of composite materials are generated using a simple and low-cost method and can be created with long lateral dimensions and thicknesses ranging from a few microns to a few nanometers. Studies show that the new material maintains the optical response versus the temperature, while the elasticity and flexibility of the PLA totally quenches the response to pressure previously observed for the CP. This new material can act as a reversible sensor at low temperatures, thanks to the flexibility of the copper(I)-iodine chain that conforms the CP. The addition of CP to the PLA matrix reduces the elastic modulus and ultimate elongation of the organic matrix, although it does not reduce its tensile strength

Patología implanto-endodóncica: concepto, tipos, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención.

La patología implanto-endodóncica (PIE) está descrita en la literatura implantológica como una de las causas de periimplantitis apical, entendida como la lesión osteolítica en la región apical del implante, con normal osteointegración de su porción coronal, provocada por la infección por contigüidad a partir de la lesión periapical del diente adyacente. Pero el concepto de PIE no sólo abarca la periimplantitis retrógrada por contaminación diente-a-implante, sino también los procesos inflamatorios periapicales en dientes adyacentes al implante por contaminación implante-adiente, cuando la colocación del implante provoca la necrosis del diente adyacente y la consiguiente periodontitis apical. Incluso podríamos incluir dentro de la PIE los casos de periimplantitis apical en implantes postextracción provocada por la infección residual presente en el alvéolo de un diente extraído con periodontitis apical. En definitiva, la PIE incluye las lesiones endodóncicas e implantarias apicales que son el resultado de infecciones residuales o por contigüidad entre diente e implante. En esta revisión bibliográfica se define y clasifica la PIE, repasándose la casuística publicada así como su influencia en el resultado del tratamiento implantológico

Wheat yield prediction in Andalucía using MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) time series

[EN] There is a relationship between net primary production of wheat and vegetation indices obtained from satellite imaging. Most wheat production studies use the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to estimate the production and yield of wheat and other crops. On the one hand, few studies use the MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) to determine crop yield and production on a regional level. This is possibly due to a lack of continuity of MERIS. On the other hand, the emergence of Sentinel 2 open new possibilities for the research and application of MTCI. This study has built two empirical models to estimate wheat production and yield in Andalusia. To this end, the study used the complete times series (weekly images from 2006–2011) of the MTCI vegetation index from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) sensor associated with the Andalusian yearbook for agricultural and fishing statistics (AEAP—Anuario de estadísticas agrarias y pesqueras de Andalucía). In order to build these models, the optimal development period for the plant needed to be identified, as did the time-based aggregation of MTCI values using said optimal period as a reference, and relation with the index, with direct observations of production and yield through spatial aggregation using coverage from the Geographic Information System for Agricultural Parcels (SIGPAC—Sistema de información geográfica de parcelas agrícolas) and requests for common agricultural policy (CAP) assistance. The obtained results indicate a significant association between the MTCI index and the production and yield data collected by AEAP at the 95% confidence level (R2 =0.81 and R2 =0.57, respectively).[ES] Existe una relación entre la producción primaria neta del trigo y los índices de vegetación obtenidos de imágenes de satélite. Con frecuencia se utiliza el NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) para la estimación de producción y rendimiento de trigo y otros cultivos. Sin embargo, hay pocas investigaciones que utilicen el índice MTCI (MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index) para conocer el rendimiento y la producción de los cultivos a una escala regional posiblemente debido a la falta de continuidad del sensor MERIS. No obstante, la posibilidad del cálculo de MTCI a partir de Sentinel 2 abre nuevas oportunidades para su aplicación e investigación. En esta investigación se han generado dos modelos empíricos de estimación de producción y rendimiento de trigo en Andalucía. Para ello, se ha empleado la serie temporal completa (imágenes semanales de 2006 a 2011) del índice de vegetación MTCI del sensor satelital MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) asociada a los datos de producción y rendimiento del Anuario de estadísticas agrarias y pesqueras de Andalucía (AEAP). Para la creación de estos modelos ha sido necesaria la identificación del periodo óptimo del desarrollo de la planta, la agregación temporal de los valores MTCI usando ese momento óptimo como referencia, relacionar ese índice con observaciones directas de producción y rendimiento a través de agregaciones espaciales mediante la utilización de coberturas SIGPAC y las solicitudes de ayudas PAC, caracterizar la variación del índice en función del año de cultivo y relacionarlo con los datos estadísticos. Los resultados obtenidos indican una correlación estadísticamente significativa (p-valor < 0,05) entre el índice MTCI y los datos de producción y rendimiento recogidos por AEAP (R2=0,81 y 0,57, respectivamente).Agradecemos la financiación obtenida de MINECO (Proyectos BIA2013-43462-P, CSO2014-51994-P) y de la Junta de Andalucía (Grupo Investigación RNM177).Egea-Cobrero, V.; Rodriguez-Galiano, V.; Sánchez-Rodríguez, E.; García-Pérez, M. (2018). 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Remote Sensing, 6(10), 9653-9675. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6109653Dente, L., Satalino, G., Mattia, F., Rinaldi, M. 2008. Assimilation of leaf area index derived from ASAR and MERIS data into CERESWheat model to map wheat yield. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(4), 1395-1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.05.023Duncan, J.M.A., Dash, J., Atkinson, P.M. 2015. Elucidating the impact of temperature variability and extremes on cereal croplands through remote sensing. Global change biology, 21(4), 1541-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12660FAOSTAT. 2013. Productos agrícolas. Recuperado 17 de agosto de 2016, a partir de http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Agricultural_products/es#Fuente_de_los_datos_de_las_tablas_y_los_gr.C3.A1ficos_.28MS_Excel.29Foley, J.A., Ramankutty, N., Brauman, K.A., Cassidy, E.S., Gerber, J.S., Johnston, M., … Zaks, D.P.M. 2011. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature, 478(7369), 337-342. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature10452Fontana, D.C., Potgieter, A.B., Apan, A. 2007. Assessing the relationship between shire winter crop yield and seasonal variability of the MODIS NDVI and EVI images. Applied GIS, 3(7).Huang, J., Sedano, F., Huang, Y., Ma, H., Li, X., Liang, S., … Wu, W. 2016. Assimilating a synthetic Kalman filter leaf area index series into the WOFOST model to improve regional winter wheat yield estimation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 216, 188-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.10.013Huang, J., Tian, L., Liang, S., Ma, H., Becker-Reshef, I., Huang, Y., … Wu, W. 2015. Improving winter wheat yield estimation by assimilation of the leaf area index from Landsat TM and MODIS data into the WOFOST model. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 204, 106-121. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.02.001Huang, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, W. L., Cao, W. X., & Tian, Y. C. 2013. Assimilating remotely sensed information with the wheatgrow model based on the ensemble square root filter for improving regional wheat yield forecasts. Plant Production Science, 16(4), 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.16.352ITACyL, AEMET, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Junta de Castilla y León. 2016. Boletín de predicción de cosechas de Castilla y León. Recuperado 25 de octubre de 2016, a partir de https://cosechas.itacyl.es/es/inicioJégo, G., Pattey, E., Liu, J. 2012. Using Leaf Area Index, retrieved from optical imagery, in the STICS crop model for predicting yield and biomass of field crops. Field Crops Research, 131, 63-74. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.02.012Johnson, M.D., Hsieh, W.W., Cannon, A.J., Davidson, A., Bédard, F. 2016. Crop yield forecasting on the Canadian Prairies by remotely sensed vegetation indices and machine learning methods. 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Direct visualization reveals dynamics of a transient intermediate during protein assembly

Interactions between proteins underlie numerous biological functions. Theoretical work suggests that protein interactions initiate with formation of transient intermediates that subsequently relax to specific, stable complexes. However, the nature and roles of these transient intermediates have remained elusive. Here, we characterized the global structure, dynamics, and stability of a transient, on-pathway intermediate during complex assembly between the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) and its receptor. We show that this intermediate has overlapping but distinct interaction interfaces from that of the final complex, and it is stabilized by long-range electrostatic interactions. A wide distribution of conformations is explored by the intermediate; this distribution becomes more restricted in the final complex and is further regulated by the cargo of SRP. These results suggest a funnel-shaped energy landscape for protein interactions, and they provide a framework for understanding the role of transient intermediates in protein assembly and biological regulation

Association between diabetes and the outcome of root canal treatment in adults: An umbrella review

Background Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder among dental patients. The association between diabetes and the outcome of root canal treatment is unclear. Aim To conduct an umbrella review to determine whether there is an association between diabetes and the outcome of root canal treatment. Data source. The protocol of the review was developed and registered in the PROSPERO database (ID number: 141684). Four electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCHOhost, Cochrane and Scopus databases) were used to perform a literature search until July 2019. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions. Systematic reviews with or without meta‐analyses published in English assessing any outcomes of root canal treatment comparing diabetic and nondiabetic patients were included. Two reviewers were involved independently in study selection, data extraction and appraising the reviews that were included. Disagreements were resolved with the help of a third reviewer. Study appraisal and synthesis methods. The quality of the reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR tool (A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews), with 11 items. Each AMSTAR item was given a score of 1 if the criterion was met, or 0 if the criterion was not met or the information was unclear. Results Four systematic reviews were included. The AMSTAR score for the reviews ranged from 5‐7, out of a maximum score of 11 and all the systematic reviews were classified as “medium” quality. Limitations. Only two systematic reviews included a meta‐analysis. Only systematic reviews published in English were included. Conclusions and implications of key findings Diabetes mellitus is associated with the outcome of root canal treatment and can be considered as a preoperative prognostic factor

Astrobites as a Community-led Model for Education, Science Communication, and Accessibility in Astrophysics

Support for early career astronomers who are just beginning to explore astronomy research is imperative to increase retention of diverse practitioners in the field. Since 2010, Astrobites has played an instrumental role in engaging members of the community -- particularly undergraduate and graduate students -- in research. In this white paper, the Astrobites collaboration outlines our multi-faceted online education platform that both eases the transition into astronomy research and promotes inclusive professional development opportunities. We additionally offer recommendations for how the astronomy community can reduce barriers to entry to astronomy research in the coming decade