Goytisolo con la poesía catalana

Publicat a Cármenes. Revista de poesía.Nota crítica a 'Veintiún poetas catalanes para el siglo XXI'

Analysis of Genome Sequences from Plant Pathogenic Rhodococcus Reveals Genetic Novelties in Virulence Loci

Members of Gram-positive Actinobacteria cause economically important diseases to plants. Within the Rhodococcus genus, some members can cause growth deformities and persist as pathogens on a wide range of host plants. The current model predicts that phytopathogenic isolates require a cluster of three loci present on a linear plasmid, with the fas operon central to virulence. The Fas proteins synthesize, modify, and activate a mixture of growth regulating cytokinins, which cause a hormonal imbalance in plants, resulting in abnormal growth. We sequenced and compared the genomes of 20 isolates of Rhodococcus to gain insights into the mechanisms and evolution of virulence in these bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer was identified as critical but limited in the scale of virulence evolution, as few loci are conserved and exclusive to phytopathogenic isolates. Although the fas operon is present in most phytopathogenic isolates, it is absent from phytopathogenic isolate A21d2. Instead, this isolate has a horizontally acquired gene chimera that encodes a novel fusion protein with isopentyltransferase and phosphoribohydrolase domains, predicted to be capable of catalyzing and activating cytokinins, respectively. Cytokinin profiling of the archetypal D188 isolate revealed only one activate cytokinin type that was specifically synthesized in a fas-dependent manner. These results suggest that only the isopentenyladenine cytokinin type is synthesized and necessary for Rhodococcus phytopathogenicity, which is not consistent with the extant model stating that a mixture of cytokinins is necessary for Rhodococcus to cause leafy gall symptoms. In all, data indicate that only four horizontally acquired functions are sufficient to confer the trait of phytopathogenicity to members of the genetically diverse clade of Rhodococcus

Simulation Modeling Presentations: The Life Cycle

A typical large scale simulation modeling project spans many months and encompasses activities such as problem definition, data collection, model development, experimentation, and scenario analysis. During the life cycle of a simulation project, numerous presentations are made to many different types of audiences. The purpose of these presentations will vary from seeking project approval, requesting information, discussing simulation model features, verifying the model, validating the model, presenting the experimental results, and offering model conclusions. This paper will discuss presentation techniques we used during a year-long simulation-modeling project. We will highlight techniques used for defining the purpose of each presentation, identifying the target audience and their level of knowledge of simulation, and tailoring the presentation for that audience

Rearrangements and racemisation during the synthesis of L-serine derived oxazolidin-2-ones

The propensity for N-Boc-4-hydroxymethyl-oxazolidin-2-ones to undergo rapid O-O and N-O carbonyl transfer makes these L-serine derived chiral auxiliaries unsuitable for attachment to polymers. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Asymmetric synthesis of homochiral differentially protected bis-β-amino acid scaffolds

A strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of homochiral [(R,R)- or (S,S)-], or meso-(R,S) bis-β-amino acid scaffolds, formally resulting from the stepwise conjugate addition of two differentially protected homochiral lithium amides to two α,β-unsaturated esters attached to a central arene, is demonstrated. Further manipulation enables the efficient synthesis of orthogonally protected pseudo-meso or pseudo-C2 symmetric scaffolds via selective N-benzyl or N-allyl deprotection, enabling regio-, stereo- and chemoselective functionalisation.</p

2-Halo-diketopiperazines as chiral glycine cation equivalents

A range of (2S,5S)-5-isopropyl-2-halo-N,N′-bis-(p-methoxybenzyl)- piperazine-3,6-diones 8 (Cl), 11, 12 (F) and 13 (Br) have been prepared, either via electrophilic halogenation of the corresponding lithiated diketopiperazine, or via transhalogenation from fluoro-11 and 12. The product distribution and stereoselectivity of additions of allyltrimethylsilane, sodium thiophenolate and a range of organomagnesium reagents to chloro 8 are reported. In the reactions with Grignard reagents the observed stereo- and regioselectivities are dependent on the reagent employed, with C-3 carbonyl addition products predominating upon addition of allyl or methylmagnesium chloride and stereodivergent formal C-2 addition predominating with benzyl or isopropylmagnesium chloride. A model to account for the different reactivity and stereoselectivity in these reactions is proposed.</p

Oxidative functionalisation of superquat enamides:Asymmetric synthesis of homochiral 1,2 diols

Homochiral (E)-enamides derived from (S)-4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-oxazolidin-2-one undergo highly diastereoselective epoxidation upon treatment with dimethyldioxirane (DMDO). Treatment with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) produces syn-(4S, 1′R,2′)-1′ -acyloxy-2′-hydroxy derivatives with high diastereoselectivity, consistent with a mechanism involving initial epoxidation and subsequent in situ SN1 type epoxide opening and trapping with m-chlorobenzoic acid. Reductive cleavage of the isolated 1′-acyloxy-2′-hydroxy derivatives generates 1,2-diols in high yields and in high ee.</p

Finite-Element Analysis of Intersecting Cylinders

146 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1973.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD