1,685 research outputs found
Malignancy risk for solitary and multiple nodules in Hürthle cell–predominant thyroid fine‐needle aspirations: A multi‐institutional study
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153015/1/cncy22213.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153015/2/cncy22213_am.pd
A Man with Labile Blood Pressure
Ronald Ma and colleagues discuss the differential diagnosis and management of a patient who presented with recurrent episodes of chest discomfort, palpitations, and labile blood pressure
ratio in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions : a Measure for the Chiral Symmetry Restoration Temperature ?
We argue that a decrease of the chiral scalar meson mass is responsible for
re-creation of from in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus
collisions. This causes the charmonium yields to freeze out at temperatures
close to the chiral symmetry restoration temperature . As a result
may serve as a thermometer for itself. Results in a detailed
reaction model support the conjecture. They show good agreement with recent
data of NA38 and NA50 for and production in S on U and Pb on
Pb collisions.Comment: 4 pages revtex including 3 postscript figure
Evidence for Shared Cognitive Processing of Pitch in Music and Language
Language and music epitomize the complex representational and computational capacities of the human mind. Strikingly similar in their structural and expressive features, a longstanding question is whether the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms underlying these abilities are shared or distinct – either from each other or from other mental processes. One prominent feature shared between language and music is signal encoding using pitch, conveying pragmatics and semantics in language and melody in music. We investigated how pitch processing is shared between language and music by measuring consistency in individual differences in pitch perception across language, music, and three control conditions intended to assess basic sensory and domain-general cognitive processes. Individuals’ pitch perception abilities in language and music were most strongly related, even after accounting for performance in all control conditions. These results provide behavioral evidence, based on patterns of individual differences, that is consistent with the hypothesis that cognitive mechanisms for pitch processing may be shared between language and music.National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship ProgramEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.) (Grant 5K99HD057522
Roadmap on Superoscillations
Superoscillations are band-limited functions with the counterintuitive property that they can vary arbitrarily faster than their fastest Fourier component, over arbitrarily long intervals. Modern studies originated in quantum theory, but there were anticipations in radar and optics. The mathematical understanding—still being explored—recognises that functions are extremely small where they superoscillate; this has implications for information theory. Applications to optical vortices, sub-wavelength microscopy and related areas of nanoscience are now moving from the theoretical and the demonstrative to the practical. This Roadmap surveys all these areas, providing background, current research, and anticipating future developments
Federated Learning on Heterogenous Data using Chest CT
Large data have accelerated advances in AI. While it is well known that
population differences from genetics, sex, race, diet, and various
environmental factors contribute significantly to disease, AI studies in
medicine have largely focused on locoregional patient cohorts with less diverse
data sources. Such limitation stems from barriers to large-scale data share in
medicine and ethical concerns over data privacy. Federated learning (FL) is one
potential pathway for AI development that enables learning across hospitals
without data share. In this study, we show the results of various FL strategies
on one of the largest and most diverse COVID-19 chest CT datasets: 21
participating hospitals across five continents that comprise >10,000 patients
with >1 million images. We present three techniques: Fed Averaging (FedAvg),
Incremental Institutional Learning (IIL), and Cyclical Incremental
Institutional Learning (CIIL). We also propose an FL strategy that leverages
synthetically generated data to overcome class imbalances and data size
disparities across centers. We show that FL can achieve comparable performance
to Centralized Data Sharing (CDS) while maintaining high performance across
sites with small, underrepresented data. We investigate the strengths and
weaknesses for all technical approaches on this heterogeneous dataset including
the robustness to non-Independent and identically distributed (non-IID)
diversity of data. We also describe the sources of data heterogeneity such as
age, sex, and site locations in the context of FL and show how even among the
correctly labeled populations, disparities can arise due to these biases
Implementation and evaluation of various demons deformable image registration algorithms on GPU
Online adaptive radiation therapy (ART) promises the ability to deliver an
optimal treatment in response to daily patient anatomic variation. A major
technical barrier for the clinical implementation of online ART is the
requirement of rapid image segmentation. Deformable image registration (DIR)
has been used as an automated segmentation method to transfer tumor/organ
contours from the planning image to daily images. However, the current
computational time of DIR is insufficient for online ART. In this work, this
issue is addressed by using computer graphics processing units (GPUs). A
grey-scale based DIR algorithm called demons and five of its variants were
implemented on GPUs using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)
programming environment. The spatial accuracy of these algorithms was evaluated
over five sets of pulmonary 4DCT images with an average size of 256x256x100 and
more than 1,100 expert-determined landmark point pairs each. For all the
testing scenarios presented in this paper, the GPU-based DIR computation
required around 7 to 11 seconds to yield an average 3D error ranging from 1.5
to 1.8 mm. It is interesting to find out that the original passive force demons
algorithms outperform subsequently proposed variants based on the combination
of accuracy, efficiency, and ease of implementation.Comment: Submitted to Physics in Medicine and Biolog
Ethnic Concentration, Cultural Identity and Immigrant Self-Employment in Switzerland
Immigrant self-employment rates vary considerably across regions in Switzerland. Business ownership provides an alternative to wage labour, where immigrants have to face structural barriers such as the limited knowledge of the local language, or difficulties in fruitfully making use of their own human capital. Despite their historically
high unemployment rates with respect to natives, immigrants in Switzerland are less entrepreneurial. It is therefore important to uncover factors that may facilitate the transition from the status of immigrant to the one of economic agent. Among others factors, concentration in ethnic enclaves, as well as accumulated labour market experience and time elapsed since immigration, have been associated to higher business ownership rates. In this paper, we use a cross-section of 2,490 Swiss municipalities in order to investigate the role played by the ethnic concentration of immigrants, as well as cultural factors, in determining self-employment rates
Recommended from our members
Florbetapir F 18 amyloid PET and 36-month cognitive decline:a prospective multicenter study
This study was designed to evaluate whether subjects with amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, detected using florbetapir positron emission tomorgraphy (PET), demonstrated greater cognitive decline than subjects without Aβ pathology. Sixty-nine cognitively normal (CN) controls, 52 with recently diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 31 with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia were included in the study. PET images obtained in these subjects were visually rated as positive (Aβ+) or negative (Aβ−), blind to diagnosis. Fourteen percent (10/69) of CN, 37% (19/52) of MCI and 68% (21/31) of AD were Aβ+. The primary outcome was change in ADAS-Cog score in MCI subjects after 36 months; however, additional outcomes included change on measures of cognition, function and diagnostic status. Aβ+ MCI subjects demonstrated greater worsening compared with Aβ− subjects on the ADAS-Cog over 36 months (5.66±1.47 vs −0.71±1.09, P=0.0014) as well as on the mini-mental state exam (MMSE), digit symbol substitution (DSS) test, and a verbal fluency test (P<0.05). Similar to MCI subjects, Aβ+ CN subjects showed greater decline on the ADAS-Cog, digit-symbol-substitution test and verbal fluency (P<0.05), whereas Aβ+ AD patients showed greater declines in verbal fluency and the MMSE (P<0.05). Aβ+ subjects in all diagnostic groups also showed greater decline on the CDR-SB (P<0.04), a global clinical assessment. Aβ+ subjects did not show significantly greater declines on the ADCS-ADL or Wechsler Memory Scale. Overall, these findings suggest that in CN, MCI and AD subjects, florbetapir PET Aβ+ subjects show greater cognitive and global deterioration over a 3-year follow-up than Aβ− subjects do
- …