Hazards threatening underground transport systems

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03860-wMetro systems perform a significant function for millions of ridership worldwide as urban passengers rely on a secure, reliable, and accessible underground transportation way for their regular conveyance. However, hazards can restrict normal metro service and plans to develop or improve metro systems set aside some way to cope with these hazards. This paper presents a summary of the potential hazards to underground transportation systems worldwide, identifying a knowledge gap on the understanding of water-related impacts on metro networks. This is due to the frequency and scope of geotechnical and air quality hazards, which exceed in extreme magnitude the extreme precipitation events that can influence underground transportation systems. Thus, we emphasize the importance of studying the water-related hazards in metro systems to fill the gaps in this topic.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Mobile digital TV applications for government

Orientador: Yuzo IanoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: Apresentam-se nesta dissertação as tecnologias necessárias para desenvolvimento de aplicações interativas na área m-government de TV digital móvel. Para o desenvolvimento, utiliza-se a parte declarativa de middleware Ginga (Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital) e Lua como linguagem imperativa. Essa linguagem permite realizar processamento matemático, manipulação de dados e principalmente o uso de canal de interatividade. O Ginga NCL é obrigatório em dispositivos portáteis numa plataforma particular nesses dispositivos. A presente proposta visa a seu uso num cenário destinado ao diálogo entre o governo e a população.Abstract: This work presents the technologies required for the implementation of interactive applications in the m-government area of mobile digital TV. For that development, we use the declarative environment of Ginga middleware of the Brazilian Digital Television System (SBTVD). Besides we use Lua as an imperative language that allows mathematical processing, data handling and, especially, the application of an interactivity channel. In order to provide interaction, the use of Gin-ga-NCL is required for portable devices on a particular platform. The present proposal aims at employing it in a scenario set to the dialogue between government and population.MestradoTelecomunicações e TelemáticaMestre em Engenharia Elétric

Friction Stir Welding Of Duplex And Superduplex Stainless Steels And Some Aspects Of Microstructural Characterization And Mechanical Performance

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Friction stir welding was used to produce butt joints on 6 mm thick plates of UNS S32101 lean duplex stainless steel, S32205 duplex stainless steel, and S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels. Fully consolidated joints were achieved, with full penetration, using heat input of 1.37-1.50 kJ/mm. Specimens submitted to tensile testing performed perpendicular to the welding direction showed failure on the base metal, reflecting better mechanical performance of the welded joints. Furthermore, tensile testing along the joints revealed higher yield and tensile strengths in all cases, as well as increased elongation. Microstructural evaluation showed that there was pronounced grain refinement in the welded joints of all the materials studied, achieving grain sizes as small as 1 mu m. The differences in the ferrite and austenite grain sizes in the stir zone, such as the degree of grain refinement, could be explained by the combination of dynamic recrystallization of austenite during the welding process and the recrystallization and growth of the ferrite grains, promoted firstly by the severe deformation and secondly by the high temperature inherent to the FSW process. Superduplex stainless steel FSW joints were more able to maintain a balanced microstructure, compared to conventional and lean duplex stainless steels, due to greater homogeneity of recrystallization in the welded joint.191117131PetrobrasFINEPCNPqFAPESPConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Propuesta de un modelo logístico para los procesos de inventario y pedidos de clientes en la empresa Incrustaciones Novoa E.U.

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Inferring the connectivity of coupled chaotic oscillators using Kalman filtering

Inferring the interactions between coupled oscillators is a significant open problem in complexity science, with multiple interdisciplinary applications. While the Kalman filter (KF) technique is a well-known tool, widely used for data assimilation and parameter estimation, to the best of our knowledge, it has not yet been used for inferring the connectivity of coupled chaotic oscillators. Here we demonstrate that KF allows reconstructing the interaction topology and the coupling strength of a network of mutually coupled Rössler-like chaotic oscillators. We show that the connectivity can be inferred by considering only the observed dynamics of a single variable of the three that define the phase space of each oscillator. We also show that both the coupling strength and the network architecture can be inferred even when the oscillators are close to synchronization. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.This work was supported in part by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PGC2018- 099443-B-I00), AGAUR FI scholarship (E.F.) and ICREA ACADEMIA (C. M.), Generalitat de Catalunya.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Flood risk assessment in an underground railway system under the impact of climate change: a case study of the Barcelona metro

Flooding events can produce significant disturbances in underground transport systems within urban areas and lead to economic and technical consequences, which can be worsened by variations in the occurrence of climate extremes. Within the framework of the European project RESCCUE (RESilience to cope with Climate Change in Urban arEas—a multi-sectorial approach focusing on water), climate projections for the city of Barcelona manifest meaningful increases in maximum rainfall intensities for the 2100 horizon. A better comprehension of these impacts and their conditions is consequently needed. A hydrodynamic modelling process was carried out on Barcelona Metro Line 3, as it was identified as vulnerable to pluvial flooding events. The Metro line and all its components are simulated in the urban drainage models as a system of computational link and nodes reproducing the main physical characteristics like slopes and cross-sections when embedded in the current 1D/2D hydrodynamic model of Barcelona used in the project RESCCUE. This study presents a risk analysis focused on ensuring transport service continuity in flood events. The results reveal that two of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in current rainfall conditions, and 11 of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in future rainfall conditions for a 20-year return period event, which affects Metro service in terms of increased risk. This research gives insights for stakeholders and policymakers to enhance urban flood risk management, as a reasonable approach to tackle this issue for Metro systems worldwide. This study provides a baseline for assessing potential flood outcomes in Metro systems and can be used to evaluate adaptation measures’ effectiveness.This research, under the RESCCUE Project, was funded by the European Commission Horizon2020 funding program. Grant Agreement No. 700174. The authors are grateful to BCASA (from Barcelona City Council) and Bristol City Council for their contributions and insights to implement the methodology and fit it into their new Drainage Master Plans. Thank you also to all partners of the Project RESCCUE for their work during the 4 years of the project, which made this work possible.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Dams or ponds classification based on a new criterion to assess potential flood damage to roads in case of failure

Dams are hydraulic infrastructure that have several purposes, such as irrigation, hydropower, water supply, flood control, recreation, fish breeding and navigation. However, their failure or malfunctioning can pose a threat to downstream communities, and thus, their safety is paramount to public protection and economic security. A variety of approaches to classify dams can be found in countries worldwide. Their classification allows to distinguish among those that are to be subject to safety regulation in each country. A common approach to classify them is according to their potential damage in case of failure. Roads are usually among the infrastructures that these approaches consider to be assessed in terms of the level of damage that can suffer. A new people-centred criterion is proposed in this paper to assess potential intangible damage (i.e. human lives) when roadways could be flooded due to a dam failure. This novel methodology is based on the Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of roadways and sets a maximum and a minimum number of vehicles expected in the area receiving the flood. To evaluate its appropriateness, it is verified from the results obtained after being applied to three existing ponds located in Catalonia (Spain).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Interactive whiteboards in andean communities: A training model

Interactive whiteboards are an educational tool widely adopted as part of the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and cost reduction. This technology becomes more effective when teachers know and apply interactive teaching methods that can improve the results of the teaching-learning process. This research presents a training model for primary and high school teachers in Yanaquihua, Condesuyos, Arequipa. The proposed training model generated good results: teachers improved their interactive content-making skills by 29 percent. Also, 50 percent of the interactive content created by teachers is considered satisfactory quality. Only 11 percent of teachers needed to dedicate more effort to achieve the objectives. This document reports the importance, the limitations, and the results of applying the proposed training model to improve the performance and effectiveness of technologies in the classroom. Keywords-- Interactive whiteboard; training model; Andean communities; teachers’ training; interactive content.Campus Arequip

Models and explanatory variables in modelling failure for drinking water pipes to support asset management: a mixed literature review

There is an increasing demand to enhance infrastructure asset management within the drinking water sector. A key factor for achieving this is improving the accuracy of pipe failure prediction models. Machine learning-based models have emerged as a powerful tool in enhancing the predictive capabilities of water distribution network models. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the role of explanatory variables in optimizing model outputs. However, the underlying mechanisms of incorporating explanatory variable data into the models still need to be better understood. This review aims to expand our understanding of explanatory variables and their relationship with existing models through a comprehensive investigation of the explanatory variables employed in models over the past 15 years. The review underscores the importance of obtaining a substantial and reliable dataset directly from Water Utilities databases. Only with a sizeable dataset containing high-quality data can we better understand how all the variables interact, a crucial prerequisite before assessing the performance of pipe failure rate prediction models.EF-O acknowledges the financial support provided by the “Agencia de Gestió d’Ajust Universitaris I de Recerca” (https:// agaur. gencat. cat/ en/) through the Industrial Doctorate Plan of the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia, under the Grant DI 093-2021. Additionally, EF-O appreciates the economic support received from the Water Utility Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version