Adenovírus isolados de civis e militares da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Adenovirus are important pathogen primarily associated to respiratory infections of children and military personnel, even though it is also associated to cases of conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. We analyzed respiratory secretion collected from subjects with and without respiratory infection symptoms, being 181 civilians and 221 military subjects. The samples were inoculated in HEp-2 and/or A549 tissue cultures for viral isolation. Samples presenting cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in any tissue culture were tested by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to confirm adenovirus isolation. The isolates confirmed as adenovirus were further analyzed by restriction endonuclease assay for determination of viral species. Three isolates were identified as specie A (two from civilian and one from military), one isolate from military was identified as specie C, and one isolate from civilian was identified as specie D. For two isolates the specie could not be identified.Os adenovírus são importantes patógenos associados em geral, a infecções respiratórias em crianças e militares, embora, também estejam associados a surtos de conjuntivite e ceratoconjuntivite epidêmica. Neste estudo, foram analisadas 402 amostras de secreção respiratória colhidas de indivíduos com e sem sintomas de infecção respiratória, sendo 181 de civis e 221 de militares. As amostras foram inoculadas em cultura de células HEp-2 e/ou A549 para o isolamento viral; aquelas que apresentaram efeito citopatogênico (CPE) em alguma das culturas de células foram submetidas a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) para confirmar o isolamento de adenovírus. Os isolados confirmados como sendo adenovírus foram posteriormente submetidos a digestão com endonucleases de restrição para a identificação da espécie viral. Três isolados foram identificados como espécie A (sendo dois isolados de civis e um de militar), um isolado de militar foi identificado como espécie C, e um isolado de civil foi identificado como espécie D. Para dois isolados a espécie não pode ser identificada

Epidemiologia das gastroenterites associadas aos rotavírus e adenovírus em humanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período de 1998 a 2002.

Gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of morbidity among children in developed countries and of mortality in developing countries. Rotavirus is responsible for most of the diarrhea occurrences; it infects nearly all the children under the age of 5 years old. Adenovirus is the second most frequent agent associated to diarrhea, however its epidemiology has not been well-established yet. The presence of rotavirus and adenovirus was investigated in children from Rio de Janeiro City, from January 1998 to December 2002. Fecal samples of children with diarrhea were tested for the presence of the rotavirus RNA by SDS-PAGE and for the adenovirus by EIA. Rotavirus was detected in 12% of the children. The highest incidence of rotavirus was observed from May to September, the driest and coldest months in the studied region. The occurrence of adenovirus was detected at a lower frequency (6%), and no defined seasonal pattern was observed.A gastroenterite é uma das principais causas de morbidade entre crianças em países desenvolvidos e de mortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. Os rotavírus são responsáveis pela maioria dos casos de diarréia e infectam praticamente todas as crianças nos primeiros 3 a 5 anos de vida. Os adenovírus entéricos são o segundo agente viral mais freqüentemente associado a diarréia, contudo sua epidemiologia não foi bem estabelecida. A presença de rotavírus e adenovírus foi investigada entre crianças da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. Amostras fecais de crianças com diarréia foram testadas para a presença do RNA de rotavírus por PAGE e para a presença de adenovírus por EIARA. Foram detectados rotavírus em 12% das crianças. A maior incidência da infecção por rotavírus foi observada nos meses de abril a setembro, os mais secos e frios do ano na região de estudo. A ocorrência de adenovírus foi observada em menor freqüência (6%), não apresentando padrão de sazonalidade definido

Evidence of Vaccine-related Reassortment of Rotavirus, Brazil, 2008–2010

Analysis of 27 rotavirus strains from vaccinated and unvaccinated children revealed reassortment events in 3 strains: a gene derived from a vaccine; a gene acquired from a circulating strain; and reassortment between circulating strains. Data suggest that the widespread use of this monovalent rotavirus vaccine may introduce vaccine genes into circulating human rotaviruses or vice versa

Distinct evolutionary origins of G12P[8] and G12P[9] group A rotavirus strains circulating in Brazil

G12 group A rotavirus (RVA) are currently recognized as a globally emerging genotype and have been described in combination with several P-types. In Brazil, G12 RVA strains have been described in the Southern (2003) and Northern (2008-2010) regions, in combination with the P[9] and P[6] genotype, respectively. To date, few complete genomes of G12 RVA strains have been described (none from Brazilian strains), considering G12P[9] genotype just one strain, RVA/Human-tc/THA/T152/1998/G12P[9], has their 11 gene segments characterized. This study aims to determine the genomic constellation of G12P[9] and G12P[8] RVA strains detected in Brazil between 2006 and 2011. Therefore, the eleven gene segments of five Brazilian G12 RVA strains were amplified and sequenced, and the genotype of each gene segment was assigned using phylogenetic analysis. Complete genome analyses of G12 RVA strain circulating between 2006 and 2011 in Brazil revealed a conserved Wa-like genomic constellation for three G12P[8] RVA strains; whereas the two G12P[9] strains possessed distinct reassorted AU-1-like genomic constellations, closely related to the reference strain RVA/Human-tc/THA/T152/1998/G12P[9] in most genes. The results obtained in the current study suggest that G12P[9] (AU-1-like) and G12P[8] (Wa-like) strains detected in different regions of Brazil do not share a common origin. Moreover, while Brazilian G12P[8] RVA strains showed a complete Wa-like human constellation, both G12P[9] strains possessed an NSP1 gene of bovine origin (NSP1), and RVA/Human-wt/BRA/PE18974/2010/G12P[9] also possessed a VP3 gene of canine/feline origin.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Distinct evolutionary origins of G12P[8] and G12P[9] group A rotavirus strains circulating in Brazil journaltitle: Infection, Genetics and Evolution articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2014.04.007 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V.status: publishe

Distinct evolutionary origins of G12P[8] and G12P[9] group A rotavirus strains circulating in Brazil

Program of Research Excellence (PROEP – IOC/Fiocruz/CNPq), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), project PAPES VI/FIOCRUZ – CNPq, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) – project CAPES-MERCOSUL PPCP 023/2011, the General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories – Secretary of Health Surveillance (CGLAB/SVS), and Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of Rio de Janeiro State (FAPERJ). M.Z. was supported by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT Vlaanderen).Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.University of Leuven. Rega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological. Leuven, Belgium.University of Leuven. Rega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological. Leuven, Belgium.University of Leuven. Rega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological. Leuven, Belgium.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.G12 group A rotavirus (RVA) are currently recognized as a globally emerging genotype and have been described in combination with several P-types. In Brazil, G12 RVA strains have been described in the Southern (2003) and Northern (2008 2010) regions, in combination with the P[9] and P[6] genotype, respectively. To date, few complete genomes of G12 RVA strains have been described (none from Brazilian strains), considering G12P[9] genotype just one strain, RVA/Human-tc/THA/T152/1998/G12P[9], has their 11 gene segments characterized. This study aims to determine the genomic constellation of G12P[9] and G12P[8] RVA strains detected in Brazil between 2006 and 2011. Therefore, the eleven gene segments of five Brazilian G12 RVA strains were amplified and sequenced, and the genotype of each gene segment was assigned using phylogenetic analysis. Complete genome analyses of G12 RVA strain circulating between 2006 and 2011 in Brazil revealed a conserved Wa-like genomic constellation for three G12P[8] RVA strains; whereas the two G12P[9] strains possessed distinct reassorted AU-1-like genomic constellations, closely related to the reference strain RVA/Human-tc/THA/T152/1998/G12P [9] in most genes. The results obtained in the current study suggest that G12P [9] (AU-1-like) and G12P[8] (Wa-like) strains detected in different regions of Brazil do not share a common origin. Moreover, while Brazilian G12P[8] RVA strains showed a complete Wa-like human constellation, both G12P[9] strains possessed an NSP1 gene of bovine origin (NSP1), and RVA/Human-wt/BRA/PE18974/2010/G12P[9] also possessed a VP3 gene of canine/feline origin

Emerging Infectious Diseases

p. 1843-1846Analysis of 27 rotavirus strains from vaccinated and unvaccinated children revealed reassortment events in 3 strains: a gene derived from a vaccine; a gene acquired from a circulating strain; and reassortment between circulating strains. Data suggest that the widespread use of this monovalent rotavirus vaccine may introduce vaccine genes into circulating human rotaviruses or vice versa

Production and Evaluation of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) against Human and Simian Rotaviruses

Producing specific antibodies in chickens is an attractive approach for diagnosis or therapeutic applications. Besides the high immunoglobulin Y (IgY) yield transferred to the egg yolk and its suitability for large-scale production, such an approach is more bioethical for animal maintenance. The IgY technology offers new possibilities for application in human and veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics, including strategies for treating severe intestinal diseases in children, particularly in emerging countries. Herein, we describe the production and purification of polyclonal antibodies against rotavirus group A (RVA) in immunised hens aiming at its application in prophylaxis and treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea. For this purpose, we inoculated Rhodia laying chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) with two or three doses of RVA combined with adjuvants or only adjuvants (control group). As the egg-laying period began, the yolk protein purification processes yielded a high concentration of specific IgY, the highest titre resulting from the group of hens that received three doses of the immunogen. The purified IgY blocked the functional activity of RVA in MA-104 cells, thus confirming the neutralisation ability. Therefore, anti-RVA IgY could be a promising candidate for pre- and post-exposure prevention or treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea