Comportamento de cultivares de feijão em cultivo exclusivo e associado ao milho no Espírito Santo

In order to select bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars adaptable as to associated cropping and to solo cropping, and to verify if there is any correlation between the yield of both cultivation systems, seven experiments were carried out at Afonso Cláudio and Domingos Martins, ES, Brazil, from 1978 to 1980. The most productive cultivars in both systems were Rio Tibagi and Ricopardo 896: 1,293 and 1,208 kg/ha, in associated cropping, and 1,683 and 1,725 kg/ha in sole cropping, respectively. There has been a positive and significative correlation (r = 0.74* *) between sole and associated cropping yield. The associated cropping presented an average decrease of 37.7%, in relation to solo cropping. The development of diseases was lower in the associated cropping.Objetivando estudar o comportamento de cultivares de feijão e a correlação entre os  rendimentos nos cultivos consorciado e exclusivo foram instalados sete experimentos, nos anos agrícolas de 1978/79 e 1979/80, nos municípios de Afonso Cláudio e Domingos Martins, ES. Observou-se que, de maneira geral, as cultivares mais produtivas no cultivo exclusivo também o foram no cultivo consorciado, com uma correlação positiva e significativa (r = 0,74**). Todavia, o rendimento de feijão sofreu um decréscimo médio de 37,7% no sistema consorciado, chegando o decréscimo, em alguns casos, a atingir cerca de 50% ou mais. As cultivares Rio Tibagi e Ricopardo 896 foram as que apresentaram os maiores rendimentos: no cultivo associado, 1.293 e 1.208 kg/ha e, no exclusivo, 1.683 e 1.725 kg/ha, respectivamente. O desenvolvimento de moléstias tendeu a ser menos acentuado no cultivo consorciado

Genotype-phenotype correlations and BH4 estimated responsiveness in patients with phenylketonuria from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil

Background: Genetic heterogeneity and compound heterozygosis give rise to a continuous spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency and metabolic phenotypes in phenylketonuria (PKU). The most used parameters for evaluating phenotype in PKU are pretreatment phenylalanine (Phe) levels, tolerance for dietary Phe, and Phe overloading test. Phenotype can vary from a "classic" (severe) form to mild hyperphenylalaninemia, which does not require dietary treatment. A subset of patients is responsive to treatment by the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ). Genotypes of PKU patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were compared to predicted and observed phenotypes. Genotype-based estimations of responsiveness to BH4 were also conducted. Methods: Phenotype was defined by pretreatment Phe levels. A standard prediction system based on arbitrary assigned values was employed to measure genotype-phenotype concordance. Patients were also estimated as BH4 -responders according to the responsiveness previously reported for their mutations and genotypes. Results: A 48.3% concordance rate between genotype-predicted and observed phenotypes was found. When the predicted phenotypes included those reported at the BIOPKU database, the concordance rate reached 77%. A total of 18 genotypes from 30 patients (29.4%) were estimated as of potential or probable BH4 responsiveness. Inconsistencies were observed in genotypic combinations including the common "moderate" mutations p.R261Q, p.V388M, and p.I65T and the mild mutations p.L48S, p.R68S, and p.L249F. Conclusion: The high discordance rate between genotype-predicted and observed metabolic phenotypes in this study seems to be due partially to the high frequency of the so-called "moderate" common mutations, p.R261Q, p.V388M, and p.I65T, which are reported to be associated to erratic or more severe than expected metabolic phenotypes. Although our results of BH4 estimated responsiveness must be regarded as tentative, it should be emphasized that genotyping and genotype-phenotype association studies are important in selecting patients to be offered a BH4 overload test, especially in low-resource settings like Brazil.Dr. Vieira Neto reports two public grants from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (Capes) of the Ministry of Education, Brazil, and private grants from FBM Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd., Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil, and from Danone Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil, during the conduct of the study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Operational Performance of an AnaerobicAnoxic-Aerobic Treatment System

Um sistema anaeróbio (UASB) - híbrido aeróbio (lodo ativado com biomassa suspensa e aderidaligado) foi avaliado na remoção de matéria orgânica, sólidos e nitrogênio após sua fase pré-operacional. As análises foram feitas semanalmente com base em amostras compostas, preparadas por amostras individuais coletadas a cada quatro horas, durante o ciclo de 24 horas, ponderadas pela vazão, em cada ponto de monitoramento (esgoto bruto, UASB, câmara anóxica, reatores aeróbios, linha de recirculação de lodo decantadores secundários e efluente final). A ETE apresentou uma vazão média de 908 m3/h com picos entre 10 e 14 h. A DBO foi removida em 86 % (310 para 41 mg/L), sendo a maior parcela nos reatores UASB (70 %) e a remoção de sólidos suspensos totais atingiu 63 % (190 a 94 mg/L). A remoção média de TKN (71 %) e Amônia (77 %) foi superior ao valor predito pelo projeto e, provavelmente, o processo de nitrificação-desnitrificação não foi a rota dominante.An anaerobic (UASB) – hybrid aerobic (suspended and attached growth activated sludge) wastewater treatment system was evaluated on the removal of organic matter, solids and nitrogen following its pre-operational phase. Analysis were made weekly based on composite samples, prepared by grab samples taken every four hours, during 24-hour cycle, weighted by flow rate, on each monitoring point (raw sewage, UASB, anoxic chamber, aerobic reactors, return sludge from secondary decanters and final effluent). The plant presented an average flow rate of 908 m3/h with peaks from 10 to 14 h. BOD was removed by 86 % (310 to 41 mg/L) being the highest parcel accounted by UASB reactors (70 %) and removal of total suspended solids reached 63 % (190 to 94 mg/L). Mean removals of TKN (71 %) and Ammonium (77 %) were above the value predicted by design and, probably the nitrification-denitrification process was not the dominant route

Analisando as pesquisas Envolvendo Transposição Didática de Conteúdos Químicos Publicadas no Brasil

O presente trabalho buscou realizar um levantamento bibliográfico para identificar e analisar as pesquisas sobre transposição didática envolvendo conhecimentos químicos no Brasil. Optamos pela noção de transposição apresentada por Chevallard, na qual o saber sofre transformações quando deixa a esfera cientifica e se aproxima da esfera escolar. Encontramos seis dissertações de mestrado e sete trabalhos em anais de eventos (especificamente dois no ENPEC e cinco no ENEQ) sobre o tema. Nossos resultados direcionam para uma baixa produção de trabalhos de transposição didática envolvendo conteúdos químicos. Nas dissertações, percebemos a tendência de trabalhar com temas fundamentais, como modelos atômicos e ligações químicas. Nos eventos, observamos o crescimento de publicações sobre o tema, que pode refletir num crescimento do número de programas de pesquisa em ensino de interessados nesta perspectiva de trabalho com a transposição didática

Renal diseases in the elderly underwent to percutaneous biopsy of native kidneys

INTRODUÇÃO: Tem ocorrido aumento da população de idosos e estes vêm envelhecendo em melhores condições clínicas do que no passado. Entretanto, a distribuição e evolução das doenças renais nos idosos ainda são pouco conhecidas, em parte devido à resistência em indicar biópsia renal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a distribuição, a evolução e as características clínicas das nefropatias diagnosticadas por biópsia em pacientes idosos. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas todas as biópsias renais percutâneas de rins nativos. Elas foram realizadas entre janeiro de 1990 e dezembro de 2006 em 71 pacientes com idade mínima de 60 anos (67,3 ± 6,5 anos), sendo 47 do gênero masculino e 24 do feminino. Os pacientes foram agrupados conforme a indicação clínica da biópsia. RESULTADOS: Síndrome nefrótica foi verificada em 35 pacientes (49,3%) associada, na maioria dos casos, à nefropatia membranosa (17 casos), seguida por amiloidose e glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal com 7 casos cada. Hipótese diagnóstica de injúria renal aguda (IRA), com 19 pacientes, teve como principais diagnósticos a necrose tubular aguda (6 casos) e a nefropatia do cilindro (3 casos). Dentre os 19 casos, apenas dois tiveram evolução satisfatória, enquanto os demais morreram precocemente ou evoluíram para doença renal avançada. Doze pacientes biopsiados por hematúria ou proteinúria assintomática tiveram diagnósticos variados, mas a maioria já apresentava nefropatia crônica relevante. Biópsia por síndrome nefrítica ocorreu em 5 casos, também com diagnósticos variados. CONCLUSÕES: Síndrome nefrótica foi a principal indicação de biópsia renal com a nefropatia membranosa como diagnóstico mais frequente. Entre os pacientes com IRA e hematúria ou proteinúria assintomática os diagnósticos foram variados com elevadas taxas de nefropatia crônica avançada.INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is growing and aging in better clinical conditions than in the past. However, the distribution and course of kidney diseases in elderly patients are not well known partially due to reluctance to indicate renal biopsies in those patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the distribution, clinical features, and outcomes of nephropathies diagnosed by biopsy in the elderly. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventyone patients (47 males, 24 females) aged 60 years or older (67.3 ± 6.5 years), undergoing biopsy from January 1990 to December 2006, were evaluated. They were grouped according to their clinical syndromes. RESULTS: Nephrotic syndrome was observed in 35 patients (49.3%), mainly associated with membranous nephropathy (17 patients), followed by amyloidosis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (seven patients each). Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed in 19 patients, and the main histopathological diagnoses were acute tubular necrosis (six patients) and cast nephropathy (three patients). Of those 19 patients, only two had a favorable course, while the others died early or progressed toward advanced chronic kidney disease. Twelve patients undergoing biopsy because of asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria had different diagnoses, but most of them already had significant chronic nephropathy. In five patients with nephritic syndrome, the biopsies also showed several diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for renal biopsy, and membranous nephropathy was the most frequent diagnosis. Among patients with AKI and asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria, different diagnoses were found with high levels of advanced chronic nephropathy.CNPq(FAEPA) USP - Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência do HCFMR

Common calcaneal tendon repair with glycerin-preserved carotid artery xenografts and autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in rabbits

Fifteen adult rabbits were used to evaluate the repair of experimental common calcaneal tendon defects treated with glycerin-preserved canine carotid artery xenografts alone or associated with autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells (AMCs). Rabbits were submitted to daily clinical examination; implanted sites were analyzed under light microscopy within 15, 30 and 60 days of surgery. Pelvic limbs receiving xenografts associated with AMCs had better physical performance as well as higher collagen fiber, fibroblast, lymphocyte and new vessel counts at all postoperative time points considered. Glycerin-preserved canine carotid artery xenografts associated with AMCs constituted an effective method for common calcaneal tendon repair in rabbits